阅读理解(一)

1、中考英语阅读理解(一) 解题策略,左权二中 张学转,阅读理解,33.3,12.5,12.5,12.5,16.7,4.2,8.3,单选,完形,书面表达,听力,词语运用,对话,各类题型在中考试卷中所占比例,阅读理解的题材和体裁,2.记叙文,1.应用文,3.说明文,幽默故事类,名人传记类,图表信息类,广告宣传类,动植物世界类,文化采风类,科学普及类,体育世界类,新闻报道类,文化教育类,励志故事类,山西省进5年所选文章的题材和体裁,因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种,主 旨 大 意 题,细 节 理 解 题,词 义 猜 测 题,推 理 判 断 题,2013中考,阅读理解考点所占比例,70,5,15,10

2、,细节理解,推断理解,猜测词义,主旨大意,阅读理解题目的设置方式,1.细节理解题 这种题目比较简单，一般针对某个特定的细节提问，属表层信息理解试题。只要通读全文，了解文中所述的重要事实或细节，就可以直接或间接找出答案依据。细节题的主要提问方式如下： (1)Which of the following is right? (2) Which of the following is NOT mentioned? (3) Which of the following is NOT true in the passage? (4) From this passage we know_. (5) The

3、 author mentions all of the following except_. (6) The author states that_. (7) According to the passage, when/where/why/how/who/.,2.逻辑推理判断题 这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系，在对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时还要联系作者的写作意图、态度等弦外之音，文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。推理判断题的主要提问方式如下： （1）We can guess the write of the letter m

4、ay be a _. （2）We can infer from the passage/article that _. （3）From the story/passage we can know/guess_. （4）What would happen if _? （5）How did the writer feel _? （6）The writer believes that _. （7）The writer suggests that _,阅读理解题目的设置方式,此类题目主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求在理解全文的基础上归纳短文要点，概括中心思想。解答此

5、类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等，需细读短文，抓住主要意思，并获取文章中的隐含信息。主旨大意题常用提问方式： （1）According to the passage, we know that_ （2）The title of the passage can be_. （3）The writer tries to tell us_. （4）From the story we can see/ learn / say_ （5）The main idea /point of this passage is_. （6）What is this pass

6、age about? （7）Whats the best title of this passage? (8) The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is_,阅读理解题目的设置方式,3.归纳主旨大意题,阅读理解题目的设置方式,4.词 意 猜 测 题 考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的，但语言是活的东西，做这类题时，考生应尽可能通过上下文猜测词义，即利用所熟悉的词或短语和上下文已知的部分来进行合理推理，有时还需要依据常识和经验。 （1）The word

7、 “” in the passage probably means_. （2）The underlined word “” in the passage refers to _. （3）In the story the underlined word “” means_. （4）Here “” means_. （5） “” could best be replaced by which of the following ? （6）The expression/phrase “” means_. （7）The word “”is close in meaning to _,阅读理解解题步骤及技巧

8、,一初读文章注意首末段原则，首末句原则， 了解文章论述的主要内容以及作者的态度。 二读文章找依据初定答案（找出处、划线); 三看文章找细节推敲答案; 四读文章终定答案。 这“四步法”综合了略读、跳读、找读和查读等阅读技巧。在第一遍阅读时，可用略读或跳读的方式阅读全文，不必注意细节或具体事实，只求对文章有一个总体印象，了解中心思想和作者的基本观点，记住文中的信息方位。浏览题目后，再读文章要带着题目有的放矢地在文中圈圈划划、做标记，查找解答题目的依据，避免毫无目的地通读文章，许多局部性题目都可以通过原文中的一两句话直接找到答案。第三、第四次阅读主要是定夺答案,注意：先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章,

9、记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等 。在记叙文的结尾部分常有表示作者态度、观点、立场、评价等议论，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论,说明文是对客观事物和现象的性状、特点、功能和用途等做科学的说明和解释，所以在阅读时要尊重科学尊重文章本意，不能擅自做主，凭空想象,应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容,不同文体阅读注意事项,

10、1.略读 粗略地阅读语言材料的面式读法。通过略读获取阅读材料的主要内容和大意。快速阅读时，训练学生略读文章标题判断预测主要内容。略读首尾段、首尾句了解文章大意,2.跳读 带着明确目的寻找特定信息，忽略无关内容的点式阅读。跳读适用于细节检索式问题,3.找读 根据所读的题目信息中关键的词语，比如人名、地名、组织名称、特殊词语等，进行查找,阅读基本技能,五个W, who, what, when, where, why,A) Want to know what we can do to help make our city a better place to live in ? Why not tak

11、e part in “Clean & Green Weekend”? Join us , and you can make new friends and help protect the environment at the same time,Park Life Do you like hanging out in the park with your friends ? If so, why not take the chance to come with us and tidy up the park as you go? To add some fun , there is a gi

12、ft for the person who collects the most rubbish! Meet us at the south entrance to Taohe Park at 9 am next Saturday if you want to join in,The Air You Breathe A great way to make the air we breathe cleaner is by planting lots of trees! It is a fact that trees slowly filter(过滤) a lot of pollutants fro

13、m the air. So come and help us plant some new ones in Fenhe Park at 2 pm next Sunday,War on Graffiti(涂鸦) Some people think graffiti is cool. Well, it is not! The best way to stop buildings from becoming totally covered in ugly graffiti is to get rid of it as soon as possible. And that is exactly wha

14、t we are going to do. We are repainting the school walls from 1 pm on Saturday . You dont have to bring any tools, just remember to wear some old clothes,46,47,48,49,50,2013年阅读理解试题解析,46. The main purpose of “Clean & Green Weekend” is to _. A. make our city more beautiful B. offer the chance to have

15、fun C. help students meet old friends 47. The students who want to join in the rubbish collecting activity must meet_. A. at 1 pm on Saturday B. at 2 pm next Sunday C. at 9 am next Saturday 48. If were going to repaint the school walls, we need to_. A. draw pictures well B. wear some old clothes C.

16、bring some tools with us 49. According to the passage, we know_. A. graffiti can make the buildings look cool B. the person who collects rubbish can get a gift C. we can plant trees to improve the environment 50. We might read the above passage_. A. in a fashion magazine B. on a school notice board

17、C. in a newspaper advertisement,细节理解题,细节理解题,细节理解题,逻辑推理题,细节理解题,A,C,B,C,B,B) 1.Donald was not very good at math. He couldnt understand the teachers explanations. Even when the teacher explained something a second time, Donald still couldnt understand it. 2. “Never mind.” Donald told himself, “ Im quit

18、e good at other subjects. Ill cheat in the math exam to get a good grade , then I wont be in trouble. 3. “Ill sit next to the boy who does best in math,” he thought, “ and copy down his answers.” 4.The day of the exam came, and Donald sat next to Tommy, who was always at the top of the class in math

19、. Donald carefully copied Tommys answers onto his own exam paper. At the end the exam, the teacher collected the papers and graded them in time. 5.Then she said,” Well, boys and girls, Ive decided to give a prize to the student who got the highest grade. Its difficult for me to decide who Ill give t

20、he prize to, however, because two students, Donald and Tommy, got the same grade.” 6.“Let them share it,” one of the other students said. 7.“Ive thought about that,” the teacher said, “but Ive decided to give the prize to one of them.” 8.The students were surprised when they heard this. They said, “

21、Thats not fair. They got the same grade.” 9.“Thats true.” The teacher said, “However, Tommys answer to Question 18 was I dont know while Donalds was Neither do I.,51,52,53,54,51. Donald wanted to cheat because_. A. he didnt do well in any subjects B. his teacher didnt explain things well C. he wante

22、d to get a good grade in math 52. Donald _during the exam. A. sat behind Tommy B. copied from Tommy C. asked the teacher for help 53. The students were surprised because_. A. they thought the teacher unfair B. Donald did as well as Tommy C. the teacher would give them a prize 54. The teacher decided

23、 to give the prize to _. A. Tommy B. Donald C. both Tommy and Donald 55. We can infer(推断)_. A. Donald may study hard at math B. the teacher may criticize Donald C. Tommy may share the prize with other students,细节理解题,细节理解题,细节理解题,逻辑推理题,逻辑推理题,A,C,B,A,B,C) 1.You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 1

24、0 minutes break. But when the bell for the next class rings, you cant believe how quickly time has passed. If you have this experience, youll know how time flies when you are having fun and drags when you are bored. Now scientists have come up with a reason why this happens. 2.They have found that t

25、he brain changes its way to work according to how we direct our attention to a task. When we are bored, we pay attention to how time is passing. And this makes our brains think the clock is ticking more slowly, 3. Recently some researchers who want to understand the conditions carried out an experim

26、ent. In the experiment , twelve volunteers watched a picture while researchers monitored(关注) their brain activity. 4.The volunteers were told to first notice how long a picture appeared, then the color of the picture, and thirdly , study the both. The results showed that the brain was more active wh

27、en the volunteers paid attention to more subjects. 5.It is thought that if the brain is busy noticing many aspects(方面) of a task, it has to spread its resources, and pays less attention to the clock. Therefore, time seems to go quickly. If the brain is not so active , it spends its full energy on th

28、e passing of time. As a result, time seems to move slowly. 6.Next time you feel bored in class, perhaps you should concentrate on what the teacher is saying,56,57,58,59,56. What does the underline word “drags” probably mean? A. Passes slowly B. Runs quickly. C. Moves actively. 57. What have the scientists found? A. Time goes by fast when we have nothing to do. B. The ten minutes break important to students C. The brain works in different ways in different situations. 58. How did the researchers do t