宾语从句 (2)

1、宾语从句 The Object Clause,宾语从句,宾语从句是主从复合句中的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分就叫什么从句。宾语从句在全句中做宾语,宾语从句,概念：句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句,宾语从句的三要点： 1、引导词 2、从句语序 3、从句时态,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,1、由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,2、由连接代词who, whom , whose , which ,what 和连接副词w

2、here , how , why ,when引导的宾语从句,3、由从属连词whether , if 引导的宾语从句,从以下五个方面了解宾语从句 一、引导词 二、从句语序 三、从句的时态呼应 四、宾语从句的标点符号 五、宾语从句的否定形式,一、引导词,Im afraid that you are right . 2. I want to know if it will rain tomorrow . 3. I didnt hear what he wanted me to do . 4. Do you know whose bag I am carrying ? 5. He asked me i

3、f I taught English,引导词取决于从句的语气,1、从句是陈述句语气时引导词用that . 2、从句是一般疑问句语气时，引导词用if或whether . 3、从句是特殊疑问句语气时，引导词用特殊疑问词,由that引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语中往往省略,I hear (that) he will be back in an hour . (一小时后他会回来） 宾语从句 2. He said (that) he missed us very much . (他非常想念我们） 宾语从句 3. The teacher told us (that

4、)the earth moves around the sun . 宾语从句 （地球围着太阳转,由连接代词who , whom , whose , which , what 及连接副词when , where , how , why,引导的宾语从句,He asked who could answer this question . (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know whom they are waiting for ? （他们在等谁） 3. He asked whose handwriting was the best in the class .（谁的书法是班上最好的,4.

5、 Please tell me when well have a meeting . 我们什么时候开会 5. Can you tell me where he is ? 他在哪儿 6. Could you tell me how I can get to the station ？ 我该怎样去车站 7. Would you tell me why the train is late ? 火车为什么晚点 8. He really knows which book is better of the two.两本书中哪一本更好,由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句,I want to k

6、now if(whether) he will go to the park with us . （他是否跟我们一起去公园） 2. Ask him if(whether) he can come . （他是否能来） 3. I dont know whether it is going to rain or not .(是否要下雨,注意：当句末由or not 时，引导词只能用whether ;在不定式前，引导词只能用whether . Eg : He didnt decide whether to go there or not,二、从句语序,He asked me when I will ar

7、rive in Shanghai. 2. I want to know where they will . 3. Could you tell me what you are reading ? 4. I dont know where he lives . 5. He didnt know whom I was waiting for . 6. Please tell me if (whether) he can come on time,从句语序一律用陈述句语序 即：主句+引导词+主语+谓语+其他,三、从句的时态呼应,He says that he is reading a book no

8、w . He said that he would work hard . They said that they had been to France . The students asked me if(whether) the earth goes round the sun,时态呼应遵循的规则,1、主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。 2、主句是一般过去时，从句用过去范畴的时态。 3. 主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时态,具体的时态变化,1、当主句是一般现在时态时，宾语从句的时态不做任何限制，可以根据句子的意思使用句子所需要的任何一种时态,I h

9、ear (that) Tom has been to Guilin twice . I hear (that) he will come here tomorrow . I hear (that) Jim went to work an hour ago . I hear (that) he is interested in English,2、当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致性,He said (that) he would go to Xian . He said (that) he was ill yesterday . H

10、e said (that) he was reading a book . He said (that) he had had supper already,3、当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不受主句时态的限制，仍然用一般现在时态,He said (that) the sun is bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students (that) no news is good news . The PE teacher said (that) doing morning exercises is useful

11、to our health,四、宾语从句的标点符号,宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末用问号,He asked me if/whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me which color you like best . Would you please tell me how old you are ,五、宾语从句的否定形式,一般而言，宾语从句的否定形式与一般句子的否定形式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think, e

12、xpect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose,等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句的否定式转移到主句之中,I dont think(that) its going to rain . I dont believe (that) he will lend you the money,但如果主句中的谓语动词是hope ,则不适用此规则。I hope he wont come tomorrow,Exercise,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be) 2. The headmaster hopes every

13、thing _(go) well . 3. Toms says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening . 4. I hear they _(return) it already . 5. He said that they _(be) members of the party since 1948,will be,goes,were playing,has returned,had been,6. He asked what they _(do) at eight last night . 7. The te

14、acher told his class that light _ (travel) faster than sound . 8. I think you _ (talk) about the relay race now . 9. I didnt know whom the letters _(be) from . 10. He didnt know what time you _ (write) the letter,were doing,travels,are talking,were,wrote,11. Mr Wang told me that the earth _ (move) r

15、ound the sun . 12. Could you tell me who _ (take) away the book already ? 13. Ling Feng told me he _(be) there several times. 14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _ (rise) in the east . 15. Can you tell me what they _ (do) yesterday ,moves,has taken,had been,rises,did,二、将下列句子合并成一句,Where do they

16、stop on the way ? I asked . 2. What will you speak at the meeting ? Could you tell me ? 3. Do they like to make friends with us ? He asked,I asked where they stopped on the way,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting ,He asked if/whether they liked to make friends with us,4. “I am doing my homework .” He said . 5. “I will come back .” Tom said . 6. “ Is he doing his homework ?” Jim asked 7. “ When will he come back ?” Kate asked,He said he was doing his homework,Tom said he would come back,Jim asked if he was doing his homework,Kate asked when he would come back,8. “ Ho