初中名词讲解

1、名词用法,中考名词热点分析 总体占选择题目的5,名词的交际运用和辨析呈逐年上涨的趋势,大家来找茬,computer， take coffee， water， run. notebook. bring, table, sport interesting, monday age new actor sell,辨认下列哪些不是名词,名词（n.,概念： 是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词,名词：nouns,人：jim吉姆 mr.smith 地方：china中国 theyellowriver 黄河 机构：nasa 美国宇航局 其他：a tale oftwocities双城记 childrens day

2、儿童节,专有名词的首字母通常要大写,普通名词,例如： 表示东西、事物的。 如book、computer、tree、chopsticks(筷子) 表示个人的。如 boy 、girl、woman、man、teacher、father 表示抽象概念，像人的情感、品质、精神的。如 happiness 、trouble、pleasure（愉快、快乐）、industry（勤劳,可数名词c：一个人、一样东西or一群人、一类东西 不可数名词u：物质名词、抽象名词,homework half advice money food foot music mouth bread,想想怎么变复数,pencil-box_

3、 2.wife _ 4.city _ 5.dress _ 6.englishman _ 7.match _ 8.chinese _ 9.zoo _,pencil-boxes,wives,cities,dresses,englishmen,matches,chinese,zooes,2.普通名词： 指一类人，事、物质或抽象概念的名称的名词,普通名词,个体名词,集体名词,物质名词,抽象名词,student,family,team,air,wine,love,success,第二节名词的功能 名词可以做除了谓语以外的各种成分 高频考点 作定语 大多数情况下名词用单数形式做定语。 shoe store

4、 但有些名词需要用复数形式作定语,当你犯错的时候你离不错的时候就更近了一步！ 1. all the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on march 8th, because it was their own holiday. 08资阳 a. man b. men c. woman d. women,第三节.可数名词和复数变化 非选择题的一级重点（会拼写） 1.名词复数的规则变化: 1).一般情况下，在名词词尾加s work 2).以辅音字母s, sh, ch, x结尾的名词，在词尾加es bus brush watch box,works,buses,brushe

5、s,watches,boxes,1. these (box) are heavy. we cant carry them. 04贵阳 2. the man with _(眼镜) is a visitor to our college. 04佛山,glasses,boxes,3).以o结尾的词，词尾加es或s 有生命+es potato tomato hero negro,potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,negroes,无生命+s zoo , radio, photo, piano, zero, 1david took a lot of _ (photo) in mochou

6、lake park last weekend07南京,zoos,radios,photos,pianos,zeros,photos,4).以辅音字母加y结尾的词复数变化的规则。 先将y变为i，再加es, family city lady 以y结尾的专有名词或元音字母加y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s boy key,families,cities,ladies,boys,keys,5).以f或fe结尾的专有名词，先将f活fe变成v再加es 帮你巧记忆： wife拿knife去宰wolf ， thief看到发了慌; 躲到shelf后self保命， half片树叶障目光,特殊有些以f结尾，是直接加s

7、的，如 , roof, belief, proof, 1we should give our _（生命）for our country04哈尔滨,lives,2.名词复数的不规则变化: 1).变内部元音 man - foot - 1. how many times do you brush your (tooth) every day? 09常州,men,feet,teeth,2).词尾加en,或ren child- ox - 3).单复数同形: chinese, japanese , sheep, deer, fish, 7. there are more _(sheep) in austr

8、alia than in japan. 09宿迁,children,oxen,中国人和日本人很爱护绵羊、鹿和鱼,sheep,4).复合名词的复数变化： 主要词改为复数： passer-by passers-by路人； father-in-law fathers-in-law 前后两词均该复数： man servant- men servants; woman nurse- women nurses,how many sheep? foot? wolf,补充 1)字母、数字、引语或缩略词的复数形式是在其后加 s 或s 2).表示有几个叫的人在人名之后加s 1. there are four _a

9、nd two _at the_.08宁波 a. johns, marys, doctors b. johns, marys, doctors c. johns, marys, doctors d. john, mary, doctors,第三节不可数名词和数 1.常见的不可数名词： 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词在一般情况下为不可数名词。 air love 2.不可数名词的数(五级考点) 数词或冠词+量词+ of + 不可数名词 中考高频词 piece: a piece of news /advice /bread cup: a cup of tea,欠练只是传说，效果第一！ 1. good m

10、orning, madam. can i help you? sure, id like _ for cooking vegetables. 09黄冈 a. two cups of tea b. three pieces of bread c. one bowl of dumplings d. five kilos of oil 2.mr .smith always has _ to tell us. 07青岛a. some good pieces of news b. some pieces of good news c. some good piece of newes d. some p

11、iece of good newes,3.分辨可数名词和不可数名词（四级重点） “一分为二鉴别法,可数不可数好分辨，名词所示物分两半。 如每半不能叫原名，那该词可数最公平。 每半还能把原名叫，不可数名词就遇到。 有的名词时两面堵，意变不可数为可数,翠花上题 1 .we need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once.09通化 a. information b. advice c. idea d. news 2. father went to his doctor for _.08孝感 a. an advice b. advices

12、 c. some advice d. the advices 3. how many _ do you want every week? 08泸州 a. milk b. water c. apples 4. they got much on the internet . 07天津 a. photo b. ideas c. message d. information,第四节名词所有格,绝对重要三级考点 还需要关注非选择题 名词所有格构成,s所有格,of所有格,双重所有格,1.s所有格的构成一级重要 表示有生命的名词的所有格 s所有格的构成 1).单数名词词尾加s，复数名词 词尾没有s的，也要加

13、s mona lisa smile, mens room 1. june 1st is _ day. (child) 04长春,children s,2).名词已有复数（即词尾已有s），则只加“”。 ladies hats 20where is the_ desk ? can you help them to find it? (twin) 05云南模拟 3).两个名词并列， 分别有s则表示“分别有”； 只有一个s则表示“共有”。 johns and marys rooms各有一间 john and marys room 共有一间,twins,the presidents and the go

14、rilla s faces,1. this is_ bedroom. the twin sisters like it very much. 04湖北 a. anne and jane b. anne s and jane s c. anne s and jane d. anne and jane s 4).复合名词或短语， s 加在最后一个词的词尾 a month or twos leave,5).else常用于不定代词，疑问代词或疑问副词后，表示另外，其他 所有格为“elses” who elses book is this? (who elses=whose else,2.of 所有格：

15、 of+名词 1).表示无生命东西的所有关系. 2).有生命的名词的s所有格和of所 有格可以互换 the girls name=the name of the girl,3双重所有格： 双重所有格的两种形式: of + 名词性物主代词 of + 名词所有格 a cousin of my fathers a friend of hers/ours,my fathers,hers,看看绿色！ 重点来了！ 第五节名词的修饰语(二级重点) 中考最常考的，我们在代词部分我们介绍过 高频 1.只修饰可数名词的修饰语： few(否) a few（肯） many several,2.只修饰不可数名词的修饰语

16、： little （否） a little（肯） much 3.即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词: some a lot of lots of,1.the letter from my uncle was short. there wasnt news. 09广州 a. many b. a few c. much d. few 2.im new here. i feel lonely because i have _friends to talk with. 09龙岩 a. few b. many c. little 3.you look very tired this morning. w

17、hat did you do yesterday afternoon? i did christmas shopping. 09广州 a. a lot of b. a few of c. a number of d. a piece of 4. theres _ milk at home. we have to buy some this afternoon. 08山西 a. a little b. little c. a few,补充考点 1).复合形容词（第六等级） “数词+名词+形容词 ”构成 中间的名词不能用复数形式只能用单数。 1. each of us has to write a

18、 report every two weeks. 09广州 a. two-hundred-word b. two-hundreds-word c. two-hundreds-words d. two-hundred-words 2a new study proves a _walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat09哈尔滨 a30一minute b30 minutes c30一minutes,2).a number of和 the number of的区别 前者只修饰可数名词表示许多 后者表示的数目 考的关键是

19、谓语动词的选择， 前者表示复数概念， 后者表示单数概念,只修饰可数名词,许多,的数目,第六节名词辨析（交际运用） 是中考未来的趋势，也是一级重点 总结了高频场景 1.日常生活场景 和日常生活有关，生活用品，个人喜好，电脑，等很多与生活有关的问题 1.do you like to listen to “mozart”?（喜欢什么） yes. listening to _ is my favorite. 08山东 a. songs b. music c. stories d. news 2. he didnt tell his parents he was going home because h

20、e wanted to give them a _.08山东 a. joy b. surprise c. shock d. happiness 3.after moving to their new house, the lees bought some _ in the mall nearby. 08上海 a. furniture b. chair c table d. shelf,2.吃喝或去饭店场景 点餐要menu，之后要bill. drink后加名词和eat后加名词（可数与不可数的辨析） 1excuse me, waiterwe are leavingwould you please show us the ? 09十二市 amenu bmoney cbill dlist 2. - mum, im hungry! - oh, you can have some _.08娄