人教版八年级下册Unit7 语法讲解

1、unit 7 whats the highest mountain in the world,section a grammar focus,grammar focus,4a. fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box,1. the amazon river is one of the _ rivers in the world. its a little _ than the yangtze river. 2. qomolangma is 8,844.43 meters_,big much popula

2、r long old high,longest,longer,high,its one of the most_ places for serious mountain climbers. 3. no ocean in the world is as _ as the pacific ocean. 4. although japan is _ than canada, it is_smaller,popular,big,older,much,e.g. two rivers：_ and _ _ _,4b. write two comparisons about two topics. write

3、 true facts,the yangtze river,the amazon river,the yangtze river is almost as long as the amazon river,the amazon is longer than the yangtze, but the yangtze is the longest river in china,two cities：_ and _ 1._ 2._ _,two animals：_ and _ 1._ 2._ _,pair work,two cities: _ and _ 1. _. 2._ _,shanghai sy

4、dney,shanghai is as modern as sydney,shanghai is much smaller than sydney. sydney is almost 2 times as big as shanghai,two animals: _ and _ 1. _. 2. _ _,a fish,a shark is bigger than a fish,a fish is smaller than a shark. a shark eats more than a fish,a shark,4c. write five questions using compariso

5、ns. then ask your partner your questions,_ _ _ _ _,what is the highest building in our city,who is the oldest people in our city,what is the most popular street in our city,what is the most delicious food in our city,where is the busiest road in our city,grammar focus,一)数词 numeral,数词是用来表示事物的数目和顺序的词,

6、数词的分类： 1.基数词 2.序数词 3.分数词 今天我们先来学习一下基数词,1. 复习1100以内的所有数字。 2. 掌握百、千、万、十万、百万的表达法,1、1-19的基数词,one 1 two 2 three 3 four 4 five 5,six 6 seven 7 eight 8 nine 9 ten 10,eleven 11 twelve 12 thirteen 13 fourteen 14,fifteen 15 sixteen 16 seventeen 17 eighteen 18 nineteen 19,2、2090等十位数,twenty 20 thirty 30 forty 4

7、0 fifty 50 sixty 60 seventy 70 eighty 80 ninety 90,twenty-one 21 twenty-two 22 其它的十位数照此类推，如： thirty-one 31 forty-two 42 seventy-five 75 ninety-six 96,3、百、千、万,百 hundred 100 one hundred 200 two hundred 以此类推 千 thousand 1 000 one thousand 2 000 two thousand 英语里没有“万”这一单位，万也用thousand表示。如：10 000 ten thousa

8、nd 一万20 000 twenty thousand 两万,4、十万、百万,十万的说法是： 100.000 a (one) hundred thousand 200.000 two hundred thousand million 百万 a (one) million 1,000,000 two million 2,000,000 以此类推 8,000,000 eight million,练一练 345 1001 18,657,421,three hundred and forty-five,one thousand (and) one,eighteen million, six hundr

9、ed and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-one,the project lasted 5 years and cost 2 billion dollars. 2. the chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 3. one thousand pounds is a lot of money,表示确定数量时 用基数词+ hundred，thousand，million，billion,多位基数词读法,457,890,608,389,three hundred

10、and eighty-nine,four hundred and fifty-seven,eight hundred and ninety,six hundred and eight,1）101999的三位数由“百位数and+两位数组成”。 如：325three hundred and twenty-five,102 one hundred and two,635 six hundred and thirty-five,2)三位数以上的数，从个位往前数，每三位数加一个逗号，从后往前数的第一个逗号代表thousand, 第二个逗号代表million, 第三个逗号是billion，注意这几个词不能

11、用复数形式，后也不能加and。例如： 2,648 two thousand, six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million, two hundred and fifty thousand, sixty-four,确切数目与不确切数目的表达： hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有 基数词，表示确切数目时，用单数，后直接 接复数名词；如： three hundred books one hundred people five thousand students seven million st

12、arts,表示不确切数目时，这类词后加-s且与of连 用。如： hundreds of people thousands of students millions of birds billions of lions 注意：这类短语中，名词前如有定冠词、指 示代词或形容词性物主代词时，可加of, 但 表示的是范围。如：two hundred of the workers工人中的二百（人,grammar focus,二)形容词的比较级和最高级 comparatives and superlatives with adj. and adv,short,shorter,small,smaller,n

13、ice,nicer,safe,safer,big,thin,heavy,heavier,happy,happier,找规律,big,bigger,thin,thinner,delicious more delicious interesting more interesting important more important carefully-more carefully quickly-more quickly slowly-more slowly easily- more easily,找规律,大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级。 一、形容词比较级的构成 1.构成的不

14、规则变化: 2.构成的规则变化,形容词和副词的比较级,1. 构成的不规则变化: e.g. good / well better best bad / badly worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther / further farthest/ furthest,2. 构成的规则变化: 1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾 后加-er 构成比较级 或-est构成最高级. 如： 原级 比较级 最高级 cold colder coldest bright brighterbrightest young young

15、er youngest,2) 以字母 e 结尾的词只加 r 或-st 构成 比较级和最高级。 原级 比较级 最高级 nice nicer nicest fine finer finest large larger largest,3) 重读闭音节词末尾只有一个辅音字母 时, 先双写这个辅音字母, 再加-er或-est。 如: big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 4) 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的双音节词， 先改y为i, 再加-er或-est。如： easy easier easiest happy happier happiest,5) 多音节词和部

16、分双音节词在词前加more 或most。如： delicious more delicious most delicious interesting more interesting most interesting importantmore important most important,carefully-more carefully-most carefully quickly-more quickly -most quickly slowly-more slowly -most slowly easily- more easily -most easily,形容词最高级的构成,ta

17、ll,taller,tallest,b: heavy easy tidy dry busy happy healthy hungry early,y - i- est,c: large late nice,st,biggest,d: big,hot,hottest,thin “双写,thinnest,wet,wettest,fat,fattest,adjective,delicious dangerous interesting popular beautiful careful friendly,the most - adj,adjective,better best,far,little,

18、worse worst,more most,farther farthest,less least,good,well,bad,badly,many,much,1. good 2. comfortable 3. big 4. happy 5. cheap 6. many 7. difficult 8. little,better best more comfortable most comfortable bigger biggest happier happiest cheaper cheapest more most more difficult most difficult less l

19、east,用法：英语中三者或三者以上相比较，表示 “最” 这样的最高程度概念时，要用 “the+最高级” 的结构表示。这种句式一般带有表示比较的介词短语，比如: in our class, of the three 等。 例如：wang lin is the tallest in our class. this theater is the cheapest of the three. 注意使用最高级时应注意以下几点,形容词的最高级,1) 表示 “最之一” 的句式，要用 one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词。 例如: jingjiang hotel is one of the big

20、gest hotels in our city. lisa is not one of my best friends. (2) 当最高级前面有物主代词或名词所有格时， 不加定冠词 the。 例如：tom is lucys best friend. tuesday is her busiest day,3) 最高级前可加序数词。 例如：the yellow river is the second longest river in china. (4) 形容最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词，代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 例如：he is the laziest (student) in our

21、class,2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 规则变化 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词比较级直接加-er, 最高级直接加-est。如： clevercleverercleverest cheapcheapercheapest fewfewerfewest smallsmallersmallest youngyoungeryoungest,b. 以-e 结尾的形容词，比较级+ -r,最高级+ -st。如： largelargerlargest nicenicernicest cutecutercutest c. 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变y为i +er或+est。 busybusierb

22、usiest heavyheavierheaviest easyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest dirtydirtierdirtiest,d. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母结 尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加+er或 +est。 如： bigbiggerbiggest thinthinnerthinnest fatfatterfattest hothotterhottest e. 多音节和部分双音节形容词，需在原级前+more 构成比较级，+ most 构成最高级。如： importantmore importantmost important

23、 beautifulmore beautiful most beautiful difficultmore difficultmost difficult,3. 不规则变化,最高级规则变化口诀,最高级，很容易，一般词尾加est。 (cheap-the cheapest) 词尾若有哑音e, 直接就加st。 (close-the closest) 重读闭音节, 单辅音字母要双写。 (big-the biggest) 辅音字母加y, 记得把y变为i。 (friendly-the friendliest) 多音节，考考你，the most到底加哪里？ (popular-the most popular

24、,1.we are going to the green restaurant for lunch. (就划线部分提问) _ you going for lunch? 2. sam is the shortest in his class. (改为同义句) sam is _ than _ _ student in his class. sam is _ than _ _ students in his class. sam is _ than_ _ in his class. 3. how do you like screen city? (改为同义句) _ do you _ screen c

25、ity,where are,shorter,any other,what,think of,shorter,the other,anyone else,shorter,练习：改写句子,the comparative superlative degrees of adjectives & adverbs,总 结,形容词和副词 比较级和最高级,late later - latest,early earlier earliest,big bigger- biggest,fluently/difficult more, most,重读闭音节、末尾只有一个 辅音字母双写加 er 或 est,单音节词在词

26、尾比较级加- er或最高级加- est,以e结尾的词，只需加r 或st,以辅音字母加 y 结尾双音节词变 y 为 i 加 er 或 est,部分双音节和多音节词在原级前加 more 或 most,少数以er,ow 结尾的双音节词加-er -est,tall taller- tallest,clever cleverer-cleverest,cheap, cold, small, warm, young, high,fine, nice, safe,happy, busy, dirty, easy, lazy, pretty,fat, hot, red, thin, wet, sad,narro

27、w, yellow,quickly, slowly, useful, careful, popular, modern,形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成 (规则变化,不规则变化,good / well better - best,much / many more - most bad / badly / ill worse worst little less least far farther/ further farthest furthest old older/ elder oldest / eldest,形容词和副词比较级的用法,1.who runs faster, he or she,

28、2.he runs faster than she,3.he runs much faster than she,4.he becomes healthier and healthier,5.the more you exercise, the healthier you will be,6.she is less healthy than he,1.表示两者之间的选择, 可用“which/who + 比较，or,2.表示两者之间的比较，通常用连词 than 引导， 表示“更一些,3.much/far/a lot, even ,still ,a little/a bit 修饰比较级,表示程度,

29、who runs faster, he or she,he runs faster than she,he runs much faster than she,4. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越,5. “the+比较级 , the + 比较级”表示“ 越, 越,6. 表示不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than” (双音节和多音节词,he becomes healthier and healthier,the more you exercise, the healthier you will be,she is less healthy than he,he is healthie

30、r than she,shanghai is becoming more and more modern,1.比较级 + and +比较级 越来越 2.the+比较级 , the + 比较级 越, 越,3._you are, _mistakes you will make. (你越仔细，做错的题目就越少） 4. _you eat, _youll be. (你吃得越多,就越胖) 5. alice writes well. mary writes _ than she. (甚至更好,the more careful,the fewer,the more,the fatter,1.the girl

31、becomes _. (越来越漂亮,more and more beautiful,2. the weather is getting _. (越来越槽糕,worse and worse,even / still better,1.表示三者或三者以上比较,可用”which/who +最高级,or ?”表示,2. 最高级+of/among (同类比较) in (范围比较,4.one of,形容词最高级,名词复数表示“最 之一,3. 序数词修饰最高级,形容词和副词的最高级的用法,who is the tallest, tom , mike , or jack,tom is the tallest of the three,mike is the second tallest student in our class,jack is one of the tallest students in our class,tom runs (the) fastest in our class,3. lin tao is _ in the class because he never gets to school on time. （最懒的学生之一） 4. edison was_ in the world. (最伟大的发明家之一,on