综合(高中)信息技术-高中(综合)-常见Internet术语表

1、常见Internet术语表ADN (Advanced Digital Network) - Usually refers to a 56Kbps leased-line. Applet A small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page. Applets differ from full-fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on the local computer, such as files and

2、 serial devices (modems, printers, etc.), and are prohibited from communicating with most other computers across a network. The current rule is that an applet can only make an Internet connection to the computer from which the applet was sent. Archie A tool (software) for finding files stored on ano

3、nymous FTP sites. You need to know the exact file name or a substring of it. ARPANet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) - The precursor to the Internet. Developed in the late 60s and early 70s by the US Department of Defense as an experiment in wide-area-networking that would survive a nucl

4、ear war. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - This is the de facto world-wide standard for the code numbers used by computers to represent all the upper and lower-case Latin letters, numbers, punctuation, etc. There are 128 standard ASCII codes each of which can be represente

5、d by a 7 digit binary number: 0000000 through 1111111. Backbone A high-speed line or series of connections that forms a major pathway within a network. The term is relative as a backbone in a small network will likely be much smaller than many non-backbone lines in a large network. Bandwidth How muc

6、h stuff you can send through a connection. Usually measured in bits-per-second. A full page of English text is about 16,000 bits. A fast modem can move about 15,000 bits in one second. Full-motion full-screen video would require roughly 10,000,000 bits-per-second, depending on compression. Baud In c

7、ommon usage the baud rate of a modem is how many bits it can send or receive per second. Technically, baud is the number of times per second that the carrier signal shifts value - for example a 1200 bit-per-second modem actually runs at 300 baud, but it moves 4 bits per baud (4 x 300 = 1200 bits per

8、 second). BBS (Bulletin Board System) - A computerized meeting and announcement system that allows people to carry on discussions, upload and download files, and make announcements without the people being connected to the computer at the same time. There are many thousands (millions?) of BBSs aroun

9、d the world, most are very small, running on a single IBM clone PC with 1 or 2 phone lines. Some are very large and the line between a BBS and a system like CompuServe gets crossed at some point, but it is not clearly drawn. Binhex (BINary HEXadecimal) - A method for converting non-text files (non-A

10、SCII) into ASCII. This is needed because Internet e-mail can only handle ASCII. Bit (Binary DigIT) - A single digit number in base-2, in other words, either a 1 or a zero. The smallest unit of computerized data. Bandwidth is usually measured in bits-per-second. BITNET (Because Its Time NETwork (or B

11、ecause Its There NETwork) - A network of educational sites separate from the Internet, but e-mail is freely exchanged between BITNET and the Internet. Listservs?, the most popular form of e-mail discussion groups, originated on BITNET. BITNET machines are usually mainframes running the VMS operating

12、 system, and the network is probably the only international network that is shrinking. Bps (Bits-Per-Second) - A measurement of how fast data is moved from one place to another. A 28.8 modem can move 28,800 bits per second. Browser A Client program (software) that is used to look at various kinds of

13、 Internet resources. BTW (By The Way) - A shorthand appended to a comment written in an online forum. Byte A set of Bits that represent a single character. Usually there are 8 Bits in a Byte, sometimes more, depending on how the measurement is being made. 中国英语学习网 . library 库,程序库linkage 连

14、接to load 装入,寄存,写入,加载location 存储单元logger 登记器,记录器loop 循环machine language 机器语言magnetic storage 磁存储器magnetic tape 磁带matrix 矩阵memory 存储器message 信息,报文microcomputer 微型计算机module 组件,模块monitor 监视器,监督程序,管程nanosecond 毫微秒network 网络,网numeric, numerical 数字的,数值的octet 八位位组,八位字节operator 操作员optical character reader 光符

15、阅读机optical scanner 光扫描器output 输出overflow 溢出,上溢panel 平板parameter 参数,参量perforator 穿孔机peripheral equipment 外围设备,外部设备personal computer 个人计算机printed circuit 印制电路printer 打印机printout 打印输出to process 处理processing unit 处理部件program 程序to program 程序编制programmer 程序设计员programming 程序设计,程序编制pulse 脉冲punch 穿孔to punch

16、穿孔punched card, punch card 穿孔卡片punched tape, punch tape 穿孔纸带punch hole 孔,穿孔random access 随机存取to read 读reader 阅读程序reading 阅读real time 实时record, register 记录redundancy 冗余routine 例行程序selector 选择器,选择符sentinel 标记sequence 序列,顺序sequential 顺序的serial 串行的.连续的shift 移位,移数signal 信号simulation 模拟simulator 模拟器,模拟程序software 软件,软设备sort 分类,排序sorter 分类人员,分类机,分类程序,排序程序storage 存储器to store 存储subroutine, subprogram 子程序s