高中英语Unit1Alandofdiversity（第3课时）试题新人教版选修8

1、Unit1 A land of diversity（3）名词性从句用作主语、宾语和表语在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predictive Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。一、名词性从句的常用连接词1. 常用连接词的语法特征引导名词性从句的关联词有：连词三个、连接代词五个、连接副词四个。词形词义在

2、从句中所作的成分连词thatif/whether是否连接代词who(ever)（无论）谁（主格）主语、表语、宾语whom(ever)（无论）谁（宾格）表语、宾语whose(ever)（无论）谁的（所有格）定语what(ever)（无论）什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)（无论）哪个主语、宾语、定语连接副词when什么时候状语where在哪里状语why怎样，怎么状语how为什么状语2. 常用连接词的选择标准(1)根据常用连接词的意义选择，无意义时则选that。(2)根据常用连接词的语法功能，在句中不作任何成分时则选that，whether，if。二、名词性从句的分类：1主语从句主语

3、从句是在复合句中担任主语的句子；通常位于句末，句首则采用it作形式主语。注意，what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。(1) 常以it作形式主语的句型有： It is形容词that.It is certain that she will do well in her exam 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，common knowledge，a surprise， a fact，etc)that.Its a pity that we cant go 很遗憾我们不能去。I

4、t is过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc)that.It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being polluted 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。It appears/seems that.|It happens that.|It occurred to me that.|It turned out that.It turned out that nobody remembe

5、red the address 结果发现没人记得这地址。It doesnt matter that.|It makes no difference that.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not 她是否来这无关紧要。(2)当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow？ 他们明天不来很要紧吗？(3)当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。How strange it is th

6、at the children are so quiet！ 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！2宾语从句主从复合句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。学习宾语从句应该注意以下几点。 (2)引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略，但是在及物动词之后跟有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有 第一个that可以省略。Glancing at her scornfully，he told her(that) the dress was sold 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖了。The teacher said (that) the text was very important and that we shoul

7、d learn it by heart 老师说课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。(2)表示心理活动的形容词：afraid，anxious，aware，ashamed，annoyed，certain，confident，content， convinced，determined，disappointed，glad，happy，proud，pleased，sure，surprised，satisfied，thankful，worried等可以后接宾语从句。He was afraid that he would lose他担心会输。I am sure that I put the money in th

8、e box我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。(3)若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从 句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式，这种现象称为否定转移 现象(此时主语往往为第一人称，偶尔为第三人称；否定词never，seldom，hardly，little无此用法)。I dont think his decision is wise in reality实际上，我觉得他的决定并不明智。I dont believe that he is a dishonest man我认

9、为他是个诚实的人。(4)在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及Im afraid之后，可以采用so代替一个肯 定的宾语从句，也可以采用not代替否定的宾语从句。Do you believe the news stories？你相信这个新闻故事吗？ I believe so我相信。Has Anne got into university？安妮上大学了吗？ I am afraid not恐怕是没有。3表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句；学习表语从句应该注意以下几点。(1)通常只用that引导表语从句的情况。句子的主语为the reason时

10、，表语从句采用that引导，表示原因，此时不用because。The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat 她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。句子的主语为the result时，表语从句采用that引导。The result is that many of them become fat 结果是他们中许多人发胖了。由why引导的从句作主语时。Why we decided to put off the match is that the weather was too terrible 我们决定推迟比赛的原因是天气太糟糕了。(2

11、)as if/though引导的表语从句通常置于系动词look，seem，sound，be等后面；表语从句既可以采用虚拟语 气，也可采用直陈语气。It sounded as if somebody was knocking at/on the door听起来好像有人在敲门。She treats him as if he were a stranger她待他如陌生人。三、名词性从句考点归纳：1名词性从句必须采用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well

12、她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。2it充当形式主语或宾语：在名词性从句中，为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句，而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面，尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中。It is known to us how he became a writer我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 I find it strange that she doesnt want to travel她竟不想旅游，我觉得很奇怪。3在名词性从句中 that与what的差异：what在从句中要充当某个成分(主语、宾语或表语)，在任何情况下都不能省略，表示(the thing or

13、 things that.； whatever)的事物； 无论什么；凡是的事物。that本身没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文件中，宾语从句中的that常常省略。What you have done might do harm to others你所做的事或许对别人有害处。I spent what little time I had with my family我仅有的一点儿时间都和家人在一起度过了。No one knows what will happen next谁也不知道下一步有什么事。I think(that) you will like the stamps我认为

14、你会喜欢这些邮票的。4whether和if的差异：（1）引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句，只能采用whether。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。（2）介词宾语只用whether引导。He was worrying about whether he had hurt her feeling他焦虑地想知道是否伤害了她的感情。（3）当whether引导的宾语从句位于句首表示强调时，不能被if替换。Whether he will come or not，I am not sur

15、e我无法确认他是否会来。（4）whether经常与or not 直接连用，构成whether or not。I dont know whether or not hell come我不知道他是来还是不来。（5）后接动词不定式时只能用whether。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay？你能否告诉我是去还是留？ （6）动词discuss后面只能接whether引导的宾语从句。We discussed whether we should close the shop我们讨论我们是否关闭这家商店。5宾语从句和主句的时态呼应：（1）当主句谓语动词为现在时态或

16、将来时态时，宾语从句可以选择适当的时态。Will you tell me how I can keep fit？能告诉我如何保持健康吗？（2）当主句谓语动词为过去时态时，为保持时态一致，宾语从句应采用相应的过去时态。Jack told me that he had been there twice杰克告诉我他去过那儿两次了。（3）当主句谓语为过去时态时，宾语从句表示客观真理、客观存在的事物、格言时，仍然采用一般现在时。Long ago，people knew that there are four seasons in a year 很久以前，人们就知道一年有四个季节。6连接代词whoever

17、，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句的含义：（1）whoever的用法：(the person or people who.)的那个人Whoever said that？到底谁讲的这话？(any person who.)的任何一个人Tell whoever you like； it makes no difference to me 你愿意告诉谁就告诉谁对我来说都无所谓。（2）whatever的用法：(any or every)任何；每一Take whatever action is needed采取任何必要的措施。(anything or everything)任何事物；一切

18、事物You must do whatever is best for you什么对你最有利你就得做什么。(表示做什么或发生什么都没关系，因为结果都一样)无论什么，不管什么You have our support，whatever you decide不管你做何决定，都会得到我们的支持。（3）whichever的用法：(表示什么特征或品质在作决定时重要)的那个；的那些Take whichever hat suits you best挑个最适合你戴的帽子。无论哪个；无论哪些Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。

19、 7虚拟语气结构在名词性从句中的应用：（1）主语从句It is necessary that he(should)come to see us他有必要来看望我们。（2）宾语从句The teacher suggested that we(should)have a rest老师建议我们休息一会儿。（3）表语从句My suggestion is that we(should)read English newspapers to improve our English 我的建议是我们应该阅读英文报纸来提高我们的英语水平。8it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡

20、句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都用连词that，被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。Its a pity that he missed the opportunity to travel abroad 他错过了去国外旅游的机会，真是可惜。Who was it that won the World Cup in 2014？谁赢得了2014年的世界杯？ 1.（2016北京）Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Who

21、ever C. Whatever D. Wherever2.（2016北京）The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why3.（2016江苏）It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that4.（2016天津）The manager put forward a suggesti

22、on _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.A. whether B. that C. which D. what 5.（2015湖南）You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. A. whatB. that C. where D. who6.（2015北京）I truly believe _beauty comes from within.A. that B. where C. what D.

23、why. 用适当的连接词填空1_he will come hasnt been decided2_we do must be in the interests of the people3_surprised me most was that she didnt even know where the difference between the two lines4It worried her a bit_her hair was turning grey5The difficulty we now meet with is_we can persuade him to tell us th

24、e truth6Pudong Developmental Zone is no longer_it used to be7He was born in 1821 in a rich family in_is now the state of Virginia8We havent decided to take your proposal yetAll depends on_it is practical9_made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities10

25、I was surprised by her words，_made me recognize_silly mistakes I had made. 将下列句子改为含有名词性从句的复合句1English is being accepted as an international languageIt is a fact_2It is generally considered unwise to give a child everything he or she wants_3It used to be a quiet villageI still remember that time_4He

26、is said to go abroad and marry an American girl next week_5He should report this accident to the police at onceThis is my suggestion_K真题1. C【解析】helps是谓语，_ you can do是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示任何事情，因此用whatever引导，故选C。2. B【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that, that只起引导作用。3

27、. D【解析】句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，且不能省略。连接副词why要在句中作状语，连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等；as不引导名词性从句。4. B【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起连接作用。5. C【解析】You have to know后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有：who,

28、 whom, whose, which, what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语，连接副词有：when, where, why, how，在句中担任状语的成分。Youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是一个完整的句子，所以应该用连接副词来引导从句。句意：如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C。6. A【解析】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略

29、。故选A。K好题. 用适当的连接词填空1Whether/How/When 2Whatever 3What 4that 5how6what 7what 8whether 9What；that 10which；what. 将下列句子改为含有名词性从句的复合句1It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language2It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants3I still remember when it

30、 used to be a quiet village4It is said that he will go abroad and marry an American girl next week5My suggestion is that he should report this accident to the police at once描写一个地方时，在整体介绍的基础上，要突出这一地方最独特的方面，尽可能使你所描写的地方给读者留下独一无二的深刻印象。1如果你描写的地方是名山大川、园林等，那么描写的重点是其形、色、态等自然风光方面的特点；2如果你描写的是名胜古迹或文化气息浓厚的地方，那么

31、描写的重点应该是历史古迹、社会价值等方面的 特点；3如果你描写的是一个城市，那就要向读者清晰地描述这个地方的地理位置、人口状况、资源特色等地方 特征；4注意把握时态，在此类写作中，各种时态可以兼用。1位置.lies near/behind/in front of/by the side of/between/among/.stands at the foot of/on the top of .Standing on the top of the mountain，.has seen many views in this area.2人口.has a small population of .

32、is a developing country, with a population of 130 million.The population here is increasing year by year.3面积Tiananmen Square, one of the largest city squares in the world, covers an area of .Tiananmen Square, covering an area of ., is one of the largest city squares in the world.4历史.has a history of

33、 over .years.Built in the 16th century, the building has witnessed many comings and goings in history.5名胜In Beijing, there are many places of interest, such as .in Beijing is one of the most well-known places of interest in the world.is the biggest city in .which has many places of interest, among w

34、hich is .假设你是李华，是西安某宾馆的接待员。有一批外国游客刚刚抵达。请你用英语向他们简要介绍一下西安的情况。主要内容包括：城市性质省会城市，十三朝古都，现在发展迅速人口与教育市区人口700多万，有众多高校环境与气候环境优美，气候宜人交通与旅游交通便利，名胜古迹众多注意：1词数：100120。2可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。_【词汇热身】1排行，等级_2拥有人口_3名胜古迹_4从角度讲_ 【答案】1rank 2with a population of3places of interest4in terms of【参考范文】Ladies and Gentlemen，Welcom

35、e to Xian，the capital of Shanxi Province and a worldfamous city in ChinaThroughout Chinas long history，thirteen dynasties made Xian their capitalXian has been developing rapidly during the past two decadesIts a city of large size with a population of over 7,000,000Xian ranks the fourth in the countr

36、y in terms of higher educationWhats more，the city is very beautiful and enjoys an agreeable climateWithin Xian you can find many places of interest，such as the Terracotta Warriors，the Bell Tower，and the Big Wild Goose PagodaThe city has good transport service；its easy to travel anywhere in our count

37、ry，by land or by airI hope youll have a good time in XianThank you单元质量检测(考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：120分)第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APacha London wwwpachalondoncomThe worlds most historic club is set in a building of the 1920s beautifully decorated in

38、 its original oak paneling and features an impressive glass ceiling. You can enjoy beauty, styleand elegance when clubbing at Londons most historic night club Pacha and appreciate works of some famous musicians.Amika London www.amikalon london. comAmika plays host to the new super elite(精英) who are

39、seeking the latest fashion trends. A unique playground is designed for fun. It is the final destination for major players and glitterati(上层人士)alike. It features table reservations & bookings, events and corporate bookings.SeOne Club London www. seonelondon. comSeOne is one of Londons largest music c

40、lubs. Situated in the north of London, SeOne consists of five rooms. It can be broken down into smaller spaces and can be used for partiesas small as 100 people. SeOne Club has attracted all kinds of promoters and event organizers,from corporate giants to dance promoters.KoKo Club www. koko. uk. com

41、Situated at 1 A Camden High Street, Central London, Koko Club represents a versatile(通用的),21st-century club. Its very adaptable so it can be used for anythingfrom small comedy to international music awards. A must visit!Bar Rumba www. barrumba. co. uk Located in Londons west end, Bar Rumba is one of

42、 Londons leading late night clubs. Playing funk, jazz, Afro-beat, Latin, Cuban, salsa, drum &bass, break beat, it has an amazing sound system for dance music. Every night it delivers a different beatfrom hip hop to Latin dance, from grime to jazz.Club Colosseum www. clubeolosseum. comSituated in 1 N

43、ine Elms Lane，Vauxall, London, Club Colosseum won the worlds best club award in 1999. Now it features a new VIP room, a spectacular riverside bar with a view all over London & the River Thames.1. What is the feature of the worlds most historic club?A. 5 rooms.B. A new VIP room.C. Table reservations

44、& bookings.D. An impressive glass ceiling.2. Where is one of Londons largest music clubs situated?A. In the north of London.B. In 1 Nine Elms Lane.Vauxall.C. In Londons west end.D. At 1 A Camden High Street,Central London.3. Which is suitable for people crazy about dancing and different fascinating

45、dance music?A. Pacha London.B. Amika London.C. Bar Rumba.D. Club Colosseum.4. The text is most probably from _.A. a history bookB. a travel guideC. a science magazineD. an official noticeBImagine living in the year 2500. What would life be like? What would the schools be like, or wouldnt we even nee

46、d to go to school anymore? Many pupils have interesting ideas about what life in the future will be like. There probably wont be schools any more. Well just sit at home and see teachers talking on a flat screen. Our homework will just be sent to teachers. And they have ideas about which subjects the

47、y will have in the future. Apart from how to drive a space shuttle, they will learn how to communicate with foreign planets, like Mars and Pluto.On the other hand, older people cant imagine that life will be like that. Schools will not exist in the year 2500. But not because we wont need them anymor

48、e. There wont be any young people like us at that time. People will be born at an age of 18. Childhood isnt bad or boring, but the world will just need older people. They will have the chance to vote and the world will have more possibilities with older people in economic terms.Over the next 100 to

49、200 years it will become harder to tell the difference between humans and machines. All body parts will be replaceable. A computer will function like a human brain, with the ability to recognize feelings and respond to them. Maybe a few decades later, a way will be found to transfer our spirit into

50、a new body. Then we can choose to live as long as we want.It may even be possible to bring people back from the dead in the future. Though this is an interesting idea, it could be a problem, because if we had the chance to bring everyone back into the world, the population would probably be too larg

51、e, and there would live too many people on the Earth.Though space shuttles and life without schools sounds great for pupils today, you have to imagine how it could really be. I think the world will be polluted and it wont be nice, says one young girl. But also, the problems with war and global warming are often themes of discussion in the world today. What will life really be like in 2500? Its an interesting question!5. What do young pupils and old people both believe about life in the future?A. Childhood wil