2012年职称英语考试理工类新增文章(改

1、第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep练习：1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseA it controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep.B it has a cycle of 24 hours.C it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.D it can alarm any time during 24 hours.2. What is impli

2、ed in the second paragraph?A Young childrens biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.B People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.C Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.D Teenagers go to b

3、ed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader thatA it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late.B staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers ability to think and learn.C during puberty most teenag

4、ers experience a kind of gray cloud.D it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?A Our biological clock resets itself automatically.B light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clo

5、ck.C Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.D Our internal clock，like the alarm clock，can be reset.5. According to the last two paragraphs， what did the previous researchers think about the human eyes light-sensing system?A The human eye had two light-sensing system

6、s.B The human eye had one light-sensing system.C The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.D The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.答案与题解：1.B 第一段第二句提供了答案。句中的your internal clock 即指a clock located inside ourBrains。2. C 第二段

7、主要内容是告诉读者，过了青春期（puberty），由于生物钟节奏的变化，青少年（adolescents and teenagers）比以前要晚睡几小时。所以C是该段所隐含的内容。3. B 第三段的最后一句直接给出了答案。4. C 根据第四和第五段的内容，闹钟和生物钟都可以重新设定时间，但生物钟能通过眼睛接受的日光来自动调节生理节奏。所以A、B和D都是这两段中所述内容，C是正确选择，因为闹钟不能自动重新设定时间。5.B 问题使用的是过去时，问的是研究者在最新发现（recent discoveries）之前对眼睛感光系统的认识，即，the signals that synchronize the

8、bodys clock were handled through the samepathways that we use to see （眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统），也就是说，研究者之前认为人类的眼睛只有一个感光系统。但最新发现却是，人的眼睛有两个感光系统。第十九篇 Graphenes Superstrength1练习：1 .What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?A Big technology.B Creative ways.C Graphene.D Both A

9、 and B.2. According to the second and third paragraphs，what is true of graphene?A It can be used to make paper.B It is possible to see it with our naked eye.C It is easy to find graphene.D It is possibly the thickest material in the world.3. Which of the following can be used to replace the word “ap

10、ply”in paragraph 4?A request.B polish.C use.D put.4. Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?A Graphene is made of graphite，one of the softest materials in the world.B Graphite is made of layers of graphene，the thinnest material in the world.C When we get to the thinnest possi

11、ble layer of graphite，we find graphene.D With a pencil，a sheet of paper and a piece of adhesive tape，we can find graphene.5. Graphenes superstrength lies in the fact thatA It is the thinnest material in the world.B It is made of the most abundant elements in the world.C It can help to make electroni

12、c components smaller. D It helps engineers to produce more sensitive electronic products.答案与题解：1. C 第一段最后一句提供了答案：工程师将眼光投向石墨烯，一种由碳原子组成的超薄材料，这种材料能够改变电子产品的未来。2.C 第二段倒数第二句告诉我们，25,000 层石墨烯才能堆砌成一张普通白纸的厚度，这是为了说明石墨烯是多么的薄，而不是说它可以用来造纸，所以A不是正确答案。第三段最后一句说明石墨烯就在我们周围，因此C是答案。B和D的表述内容都与该两段内容不符合。3.D apply. over：将涂（敷

13、）在上。4.A 最后两段告诉我们，用一张纸，一支铅笔和一片胶带就能找到石墨烯；无数层石墨烯构成石墨，当铅笔留在纸上的石墨被胶带剥离到最薄一层时，我们就得到了石墨烯。因此只有A不是最后两段的表述内容。5. C 第一段提供了答案。随着电子产品越来越小，需要更小的电子组件（components) ，而石墨烯作为最薄的材料可以帮助工程师实现这一目标。这就是石墨烯力量所在。*第三八篇 Life Form Found on Saturns Titan练习：1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?A They have found a new moon orbi

14、ting Saturn.B They have found methane-based life on Saturn.C They have found methane-based life on Titan.D They have found earthlike life on a Saturns moon.2. What do scientists say about Titan?A There are life clues there.B There is acetylene there.C Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.D River

15、s and lakes there contain life formls.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What doesthis formof life refer to?A Water-based life. B Methane-based life. C Liquid-water-based microorganisms. D Gas-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?A Scientist

16、s have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.B Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.C Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable.D Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.5. Which of the following ca

17、n replace the title of this passage?A Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.B Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.C Titan,a New Satellite Found.D A different Life Form, a Possibility.答案与题解：1. C 短文的第一段提供了答案。该段告诉读者，科学家在土星的卫星土卫六（ Titan ）上发现了生命的迹象，这些生命的存在是以甲烷为基础的。2.A根据第二段“Scientists have reportedly disc

18、overed clues showing primitive alien beings arebreathing in Titans dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.”，说明土卫六（Titan）有生命迹象。因此A是答案。3. B this form of life 指的是土卫六（ Titan ）上以甲烷为生命基础呼吸氢气的生物，即该文讨论的主题。4.A科学家至今对土卫六是否存在生物有不同的观点和解释。Allen 说要做出土卫六上有生物的结论，首先必须对Titan 上没有生物的观点做出回应；要排除土卫六上可能没有生物的观点，我们还须付出努力。所以只有A

19、是正确选择。5.D该短文的主题是，科学家在土卫六（ Titan ）上发现了一种与地球生物不同的生命形式的迹象，即以甲烷为生命基础呼吸氢气的生物，但科学家还未能最后验证这一发现。第四段中的一个句子能够揭示该短文的主题：“If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life, it would bedoubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth.”*第四十篇 Teaching Math, T

20、eaching Anxiety1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?A Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.B Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.C Female teachers math skill

21、s have influence over girl students math skills.D Female teachers confidence in their math skills is related to girls math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?A Math teachers,like math learners,do not like the subject due to its difficulty.B A difficult subject like math may affect teac

22、hers confidence in teaching the subject.C Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.D Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltA nervous memorizing the numbers o

23、f a sales receipt.B helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.D hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers math anxiety and their female

24、 students mathachievements.B show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than femalestudents.C provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females. D discover a strong link between teachers math anxiety and their students math achiev

25、ements.5. David Geary thinks thatA the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.C the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful.D the study is well based and produces significant results.答

26、案与题解：1.D 该段告诉我们女教师的想法（what female teachers think）和女学生的学习（what femalestudents learn）之间有很大的关联度，也就是说，女教师如果对自己的数学技能没有自信，她的女学生很可能相信男孩子会在数学方面超过女孩子。2.B 第三段的大意是，数学对任何人来说都可能有难度（The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone)，如同学生，教师也会觉得数学难学和难教，这就是研究者所言的焦虑。所以，可以推断，作者是要告诉我们，教师会因为数学这门学科的难度而对教授该课

27、程不自信。其他选项都不是该段所要表达的内容。3.C 第五段第三句“To find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers askedthe teachers how they felt at times when they came across math,such as when reading a salesreceipt”指出了答案。memorizing the numbers；意为“记住数字”；saving the numbers意为“保存数字”；filling in the numbers意为“陆续编入数

28、字”，而且文中没有提到a sales report；它们均不是答案。4.A 短文的第六段是对前一段所述调查数据结果的讨论，即，男学生较少受对数学有焦虑感的教师影响，而那些数学成绩较低的女生都有对数学有焦虑感的教师（girls with math-anxiousteachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests)，而且，所有认为男生数学肯定比女生强的女生，其数学教师都是有数学焦虑感的女教师（all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety

29、. )。D所以不是正确的选择，因为只提到teachers 和students,而不是female teachers 和female students。5.B 根据David Geary的说法，实验结果还是初步的（preliminary)，需要更大的样本对其进行重复验证（in need of replication with a larger sample)。他没有认为该实验的过程不可靠，所以A不是正确选项；他认为实验样本不够大，所以D也不是正确选项。第三篇 Germs on Banknotes练习:1. A coins B money C cheques D loans2. A differe

30、nt B clean C hard D foreign 3. A anniversary B year C decade D century4. A along B with C within D outside 5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed 7. A because B though C when D where8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper9. A languages B colors C s

31、ubstances D materials10. A family B team C advisor D boss11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely13. A dirt B water C germs D oil14. A compare B connect C conduct D command15. A arms B hands C face D clothes答案与题解:1.B 冒号后面说的是各国使用钱币的名称:“yuan in China ，pes

32、os in Mexico，pounds in the United Kingdom ，dollars in the United States，Aus往alia and New Zealand” ，所以填人的词必 定与这些钱币有关，而且应该是钱币的总括词。因此选 money 最为恰当。coins 是“硬币”，cheques 是“支票” ，loans是“贷款”，它们都不会是答案。2.A 本题的句子说的是:虽然各国使用的纸币各不相同，它们有一个共同点，那就是纸币上 有病菌。四个选项中 different 是答案。3.D 选century 最合理。选 anniversary (周年)，year (年

33、)或decade都不合逻辑。4.C 本段第二句提供了解答本题的线索。Frank Vriesekoop 的研究与以前的科学家的研究不同，他比较了各国钱币上的病菌数量， 在他之前的科学家的研究范围局限于一个国家的纸币。四个选项中只有 within 表达“在(一个国家)里”的意思。5.A 经过第四题选词的思索过程，本题的形容词很自然会在 different 之后用 countries，指不同的国家。6.C 上一句说 Vriesekoop 比较不同国家纸币携带病菌的数量。本题的句子明确指出他对比 的纸币涉及十个国家。四个选项中只有 gathered (收集)与上下文的意思相匹配。7.A 填词所在的句子

34、与前面的主句存在因果关系。为什么要从食品店和食品摊收集纸币呢?因为这些地方常要用现金支付。本题答案是because。8.C fabric是“织物”，其制作原料不会是plastic(塑料)或 rubber( 橡胶)。选 paper 也不对， 因为本句是说明纸币的制作原料通常不是纸。制作 fabric 的原料是 cotton( 棉花)，这是合乎常理的。而且该段倒数第二句也提供了答案。所以答案是 cotton。9.D 本段说纸币的材料一般不是纸，通常是用棉花织物或高分子聚合物制作的。所以选择materials( 材料、原料)是正确的。10. B 本题应当选 team。与 family (家庭成员)，

35、advisor (顾问)或 boss (老板)合作研究不是 没有可能，但总有些离谱。与团队合作研究比较合理。11. D 本段第二句提供了线索，它列出三种纸币，即 the Australian dollar ，the New Zealand dollar 和 some Mexican pesos。选 currencies 是最合理的。另外三个选项都不合适; expenses是“支出”，banks 是“银行” ，statements 是“账单”。12.B 本题只有选 mostly，上下文意思才连贯。13.C 前一句说用高分子聚合物制作的钱币含菌数量较少。本题的句子接着分析说，在高分子聚合物上存活较

36、难。谁存活较难？当然是病菌。本题答案是germs0 dirt, water 和oil 是非生物，不存在生存的问题。14.A 四个选项填入句子后，句子成了： “compare/connect/conduct/command the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills”, 很明显；connect （连接）/conduct （实施）/command（控制）amounts of time是无法成立的。只有compare(比较）不同纸币上病菌存活的时间才是Vriesekoop 要研究的新课题。15.B 人

37、们通常是用手接触纸币的。所以接触纸币后要洗手。答案是hands。第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness练习：1A but B if C though D while2A personality B movement C emotions D will3A privately B usefully C awfully D personally4A looked for B looked at C looked after D looked up5A favorite B trustful C boring D an

38、noying6A with B on C by D at7A professors B participants C assistants D scientists8A group B class C section D part9A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally10A remember B explain C rewrite D complete11A sad B secure C shy D angry12A your B our C his D their13A accident B harm C experience D mod

39、el14A eating B exchanging C buying D keeping15A expressions B estimation C cooperation D connections答案与题解：l.A 本句前半句说土豆泥、通心粉等对血管有害（ bad) ，后半句说这些食物对心脏有利(good) 。很明显，前半句与后半句意思相反，所以要选转折连接词but加以连接。2.C 根据常识判断，吃土豆泥不会对personality （性格） .movement （移动）或will （意志力）产生有利影响。随后的文章，多处提到吃爽心食品（ favorite food ）有助于排解孤独感。所

40、以选emotions 是正确的。3.D 本题的答案是personally0 For me personally （就我个人而言）与下文的意思很连贯。privately （私下地）、usefully （有用地）或awfully （可怕地）与下文的意思搭不上，所以不会是答案。4.B 本题的答案是looked at0。“looked at non-human things” 相当于“studied （研究） nonhuman things”，与上下文的意思很匹配。looked for（寻找）、looked after （照顾）和lookedup（查找）与下文的意思搭配不上。5.A 本句的意思是：人们

41、为了排解孤独感，常常把自己和电视剧、流行歌曲歌手等等联系起来。选项中有四个形容词，应该选哪一个形容词去修饰TV shows 呢？应该选褒义的形容词： favorite （喜爱的）或trustful ( 可信任的）。但对电视剧来说谈不上信任的问题。favorite最合理，是本题答案。6.C 上一句说到，人们为了排解孤独感，常常把自己和喜爱的电视剧、流行歌曲歌手等等联系起来。于是Troisi 和Gabriel 想，通过吃爽心食品让他们想起亲近的人，是不是也能产生同样的排解孤独感的效果呢？四个介词中只有by的词义是“通过”。其余三个介词在含义上都不合适。7.B 选professors（教授）、ass

42、istants（助手）或scientists（科学家）不合常理，科学家选实验对象时不会选他们。participants ( 参与者）是本题的答案。8.A 本题应该选group，指每一组的参与者。用class （班级）, section （部门）或part （部分）在意义上显然都不合适。9. D 本段叙述试验的几个步骤。第一步要一部分受试者描写与亲人的争斗，其他受试者写情感上中性的话题。第二步（文中用then 加以连接）将上述两组受试者中的每一组再一分为二，一些人描写吃爽心食品的经历，另一些人描写吃新食品的经历。接下来应该是第三步了。从四个选项中寻找，只有Finally 最合适，原来第三步就是最

43、后一步了。1O.D 实验的最后一步是受试者被要求书面回答10个问题。complete 是答案。要求他们remember（记住）、delete （删除）或rewrite （重写） questions 都不合乎逻辑。11.B 与亲近的人争吵会引发孤独感，但是，一般说来，人们的关系若是通常处于什么状态，通过写出他们吃爽心食物的经历会降低他们的孤独感呢？一定不会是sad、shy或angry ，答案应该是secure （稳定的）。12.D 修饰essays 的所有格代词在人称与数上要与they 一致，所以their 是答案。13.C “eating food with family and friend

44、s” 是一种experience （经历），不会是一个accident （事故）、harm （危害）或model （样式）。很明显， experience 是本题的答案。14.A 文章中几次提到吃爽心食物有助于缓解孤独感。所以本题选eating 是很自然的。其他三个选项， exchanging （交换）、buying （买）或keeping （保留）若填入句子中，与后面的宾语chicken soup in the lab 连用，意思上说不通。15.D 本题的答案是connections。其他三个选项在意思上都不合适。*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks

45、for Unprepared Cities练习：1A carry along B carried away C carried out D carried back2A economic B industrial C rural D urban3A reduce B increase C study D measure4A crops B gases C fruits D Plant55A educate B evaluate C protect D identify6A doubtful B possible C repeatable D major7A uses B chances C c

46、ures D benefits8A threats B interests C functions D differences9A locally B heavily C suddenly D mildlyl0A provide B improve C lack D update11A without B with C in D on12A moreover B therefore C however D though13A other than B more than C less than D rather than14A train B automobile C bus D bike15

47、A idle B smart C busy D secure答案与题解：1.C 本题的答案是carried out（执行；完成）。“A new examination of urban policies has been carried out” 意思上配得上。carried along（携带）、carried away（运走）和carried back（运回）与下文的意思搭配不上。2.D 通篇文章讨论的是气候变化对城市的影响及其应对措施，并没有涉及economic （经济的）、industrial （工业的）和rural （农村的）的话题。所以，这三个选项不可能是答案，urban才是答案。3

48、.A 前面一句谈到，发展中国家的飞速成长的城市备受气候变化的折磨。本句紧接上一句的意思，大多数城市没有做到减少二氧化碳的排放量。四个选项中，要选reduce。4.B 减少的不仅是二氧化碳，还有greenhouse gases （温室气体）。gases 是答案。5.C 城市应该采取有效的措施应对气候变化。采取措施的目的当然是为了保护城市居民。可是Lankao 发现这样做的城市太少了。本题选protect 最合适。6.D 前面说到大多数城市没有做到减少或控制二氧化碳的排放量。这说明“Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases”（城市是温室气体的主要来源

49、），不会是doubtful sources （不能确定的来源）, possible sources（可能的来源），更不会是repeatable sources（不断重复的来源）。7.D 城市居民最易受气候变化的伤害，所以 Lankao 建议地方政府要进行政策介入以降低居民因气候变化受到的伤害，而这会带来立即的和长期的益处。因此，uses 、 chances 和cures可以排除。benefits（益处）才是答案。8.A 由climate change 引发的storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 给城市居民造成伤害。interests 、functions 和d

50、ifferences 这三个词与storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 造成的伤害挂不上号，不会是答案。storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 对城市居民会构成威胁。因此threats 才是答案。9.B 为什么prolonged hot weather 对城市居民造成的伤害超过对其周边地区居民造成的伤害？因为城市道路是大量铺设沥青的道路。heavily 是答案。其他三个选项不符合上述意思。10.C 贫穷社区更易受到伤害，句子给出有关基础设施的各个方面。贫穷社区的基础设施一定是不尽如人意的。所以要选lack。11.A 贫穷国家许多人

51、住在不符合标准的房子里。下面提到reliable thinking water、roads 和basic services 这些基础设施，从上下文判断，贫穷居民不会享有这些基础设施。所以选without 比较合理。12.B 本题的答案是therefore。上文说的是气候变化给城镇居民带来的种种问题。下文说的是地方政府应该采取相应的对策以保护城镇居民。两部分的叙述是一种因果关系，所以要选therefore。13.D rhetoric responses （言辞反应，即用言语予以搪塞的反应）和meaningful responses （有意义的反应）是两种截然不同的反应。地方政府的反应是前者还是后

52、者？随后的句子，特别是a hands-off approach，说明地方政府作出的是rhetoric responses，而不是meaningful responses 。所以本题要选rather than（而不是）。14.B 句中的“emphasize mass transit”提示，要减少的运输工具不会是大众交通工具，因此选项中的train 和bus便可排除。bike 是人力驱动，不会释放二氧化碳，也可排除。答案是automobile 。私人汽车排放大量的二氧化碳，是城市主要的污染源之一。15.A “. . many local governments are taking a hands

53、-off approach” 中的a hands-off approach 提示， Lankao 敦促地方政府改变的一定是他们无所作为（ idle) 的政策。idle 是正确的选择。*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk 练习： 1A change B charge C chain D chance 2A trust B decide C suggest D calculate 3A number B amount C volume D product 4A frequency B treatment C diagnosis D risk 5A severe B enough C weak D active 6A buying B preparing C eating D cooking 7A unhealthy B strong C different D doubtful 8A examination B suffering C determination D possibility 9A degree B dimension C ang