英语动词时态详解-将来时态的用法

1、英语动词时态详解：一般将来时一、一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存有的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如：What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。He is going to study abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习。二、一般将来时的基本用法及构成一般将来时的基本用

2、法是表示单纯的将来事实，由“will / shall + 动词原形”构成：We shall have a lot of rain next month. 下个月将下很多雨。I think she will pass the exam. 我想他考试会及格的。三、表示将来时间的几种常见方法英语中除了“will /shall+动词原形”表示半来时态外，还能够有以下多种方法：(1) 用“be going to+动词原形”表示。主要表示打算和预测：We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里多待。(表打算)Im afraid theyre going to

3、lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测)Look, its going to rain. 瞧，要下雨了。(表预见) 注：be going to 后接动词go和come时，通常直接改用其实行时态：Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去？(2) 用“be to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性：He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去北京。Tell him hes not to be back late. 告诉他不准迟回

4、。(3) 用“be about to+动词原形”表示。主要表示即将要发生的事：He is about to leave. 他即将要离开。Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，电影马上就要开发始了。注：该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用：误：He is about to leave soon tomorrow.另外，该结构在美国英语中还可表示“打算”(主要用于否定句)：Im not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借给他任何钱。(4) 用“be due to+动词原形”表示。主要表示按

5、计划或时间表将要发生某事：He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开。His book is due to be published in October. 他的书计划10月份出版。(5) 用“现在实行时”(即be现在分词)表示。（leavecomegoflybeginstart）主要表示按计划或安排要发生的事：The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们星期日出发。Were having a party next week. 我们下星期将开一个晚会。注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：Im leaving. 我走了。(6) 用“

6、一般现在时”表示。表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7：25 this evening. 火车今晚7：25分开。Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假。注：在表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中，也用一般现在时表示将来意义，参见“时态详解：一般现在时”的相关用法。四、三种将来时间表示法的比较(1) “will / shall动词原形”与“be going to 动词原形”两者均可表示将来时间和意图，两者有时可换用：I think itll ra

7、in this evening./I think its going to rain this evening.我想今晚会下雨。I wont tell you about it./Im not going to tell you about it. 我不会把这事告诉你的。但有时有差别： 若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的，则通常要用be going to；若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑，而是在说话的当时才临时想到的，则通常用will。比较：Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I didnt know. Ill go and visit her. “安住院了。”“啊

8、，真的吗？我还不知道。我要去看看她。” (临时想法，不能用be going to)Ann is in hospital. Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow. “安住院了。”“我知道，我打算明天去看看她。” (事先考虑的意图，不能用will) 若是有迹象表明要发生某事，通常只用be going to，不用will：Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。 带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to，而用will：When he comes back,

9、 I will tell him the news. 他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他若回来我就告诉他这个消息。(2)“be going to+动词原形”与“现在实行时” be going to主要表示主观想法或意图，而现在实行进表示将来则主要已经强调作出的安排。比较：Im going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。(主观想法)Im picking you up at 6; dont forget. 我6点钟来接你，不要忘了。(已作出的安排) 但是当要表示

10、主观无法控制的预测时，通常要用be going to，不能用现在实行时态：Its going to snow before long. 不久会下雪。Things are going to get better soon. 情况很快就会好起来。 当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时，两者均可用：Shes taking going to take that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜欢不喜欢，她都得吃那药。Youre not wearing going to wear that skirt to school. 你不能够穿那条裙子去上学。(3)

11、“be going to+动词原形”与“be to+动词原形”的区别两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时可互换(但be to比be going to正式)： Where are we going to stay tonight? 我们今晚住哪里？Im (going) to play tennis this afternoon. 我打算今天下午打网球。另，be going to 还可表示预测，即据已有迹象预测将发生的动作，此时不能用be to：Look, its going to rain. 看，要下雨了。五、典型一般将来时考题详解【例1】Turn on the television or

12、 open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families A. will often see B. often seeC. are often seeing D. have often seen分析：A。这是“祈使句+and +陈述句”句型，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后的陈述句的谓语用一般将来时，这是一个较为固定的句型。【例2】He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow m

13、oney from the bank. A. were decidingB. have decidedC. decidedD. will decide分析：B。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时，主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态，排除A和D; 由语境判断，不是“将要决定”，而是“现在已经决定”，所以排除D，而选B。【例3】 How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do four you. A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will se

14、e分析：D。表示将要发生的情况，自然是用一般将来时。【例4】If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. A. will increaseB. have been increasingC. have increasedD. would be increasing分析：A。因为if条件从句用的是一般现在时，所以其相对应的主句宜用一般将来时。【例5】 Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future. A. l

15、ive B. would live C. will live D. have lived 分析：C。根据句中的in the near future可知要用一般将来时。【例6】When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _up, her voice had been full of life. A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang分析：C。从逻辑上说，当我在电话里和奶奶聊天时，她的声音听起来很虚弱；但到我们要挂电话时，

16、她的声音又充满朝气。从逻辑上说，应该是“奶奶的声音又充满朝气”在先，“我们挂断电话”在后，如果是反过来的话，那说话者就无法听知道“奶奶的声音又充满朝气”之回事了。所以“挂断电话”应用一般过去时。另外，因为by the time后接的定语从句通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，所以选项D不能选。【例7】Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her. A. didnt; am going toB. dont; would C. dont; willD. didnt; will 分析：D。根据句

17、意，在此之前说话人不知道安住院了，所以第一空用一般过去时；说话人打算去看她，这个动作还没发生，所以第二空用一般将来时。注意be going to与will表示将来的区别：表示临时的决定，要用be going to，不用 will()。【例8】Ill go to the library as soon as I finish what I _. A. was doing B. am doing C. have doneD. had been doing分析：B。句意是：我一完成我做的工作就去图书馆。因为“去图书馆”用的是一般将来时，说明要完成的工作是“现在”正在

18、做的事情，故用现在实行时。又如：He is studying architecture. 他在学习建筑。The ambulance is carrying wounded people to the nearest hospital. 救护车正在把受伤的人送到最近的医院。一般将来时练习：( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month.A. is

19、nt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week.A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5.

20、 _you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?

21、 _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont.B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont.D. No, please.( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ it for you if you want it at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday?A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. I

22、f they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He _ in three days.A. co

23、ming backB. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. t

24、hey dont.一填空1、My brother _ _ (go) to Shanghai next week.2、Mary _ _ (see) her grandfather tomorrow.3、David _ _ (fly) kites in the park this weekend.4、I_ _ (make) a plan for English study in three days.5、Who _ _ (be) going to learn a new song next Tuesday?6、_ _ (be) you going to Beijing tomorrow?7、We

25、_ _ (not be) going to have lunch at 12：00 tomorrow.8、Where _ _ you _ _ (leave) for tomorrow?9、_ _ Tom _ _ (have) a P.E. lesson next Monday?10、 What _ _ they _ _ (watch) in thegym tomorrow?1、.what _ _ they _ _( do ) tomorrow ?12、The boy _ _( not have ) an English lesson tomorrow .13、_ _ you _ _( lear

26、n ) Chinese next week ?14、I _ _ ( arrive ) there tomorrow .15、Mike _ _ ( not watch ) a movie tomorrow .二.选择填空1. ( ) She is going to _ after school.A. listening to music B. listens to music C. listen to music D. listened to music2. ( ) We _ in Beijing in two days. A. will arrives B. arrives C. are go

27、ing to arrive D. arriving3. ( )The students _ dumplings tomorrow. A. is going to makeing B. are making C. will make D. are make4. ( ) Are you going to_ thirteen years old next year? A. will beB. areC. be D. go5. ( ) _will see a play in 5 days? A. When B. What C. Who D. Whose6. ( ) Mary_ English next

28、 year.A. will learn B. will to learn C. are going to learn. D. learns7. ( ) Hell _ shopping this afternoon. A. going B. go C. goes D. went8. ( ) Will you _ at the bus stop at 10：30? A. meeting B. meets C. meet D. met9. ( ) Lily and I _ the guitar. next week. A. am going to play B. are going to play

29、C. will plays D. play10. ( ) How _ Jenny _ home tomorrow? A. does.go B. isgoing C. willgo D. dogo11. ( ) Who is going to _ a song ? A. sings B singing C. to sing D. sing12. ( ) I _in Beijing in three days.A. are going to arrive B. arrive C. will arrive D. arrives13. ( ) He _some model planes tomorro

30、w .A. going to make B. is making C. will make D makes14. ( ) Are you going to _a doctor next year ?A. will be B. are C. be D. are going to15. ( ) She _ you make supper this evening .A. helps B. will help C. is helping D. is going help三把下列句子变成一般疑问句，并给出肯定和否定回答。1.The girls will draw pictures._? Yes,_.

31、No,_.2.My family is going to the park._? Yes,_. No,_.3.Kate and Jane are going to see a film._? Yes,_. No,_.4.They will have a party._? Yes,_. No,_.5.The boys will listen to the music._? Yes,_. No,_.6.She will play the guitar._? Yes,_. No,_.7.My friend will go on a trip._? Yes,_. No,_.8.I am going t

32、o do my homework.。_? Yes,_. No,_.9.Her friends are going to have lunch together._? Yes,_. No,_.10.He will go shopping._? Yes,_. No,_.四改错1.My sister are going to play with her toy. _改_ A B C2.Who will to play basketball? _改_ A B C3.Tom and Ann will buying some clothes. _改_ A B C4.What do you do at ho

33、me next Saturday? _改_ A B C5.Is Lily go fishing with you tomorrow? _改_A B C6.Li Mings friend is going to singing a song tomorrow. _改_A B C7.My mother will makes a cake for my birthday. _改_ A B C8. He will to write a letter to his mother. _改_A B C.9. You is going to fly a kite tomorrow _改_ A B C10.Hi

34、s sister will be five years old last year. _改_A B C11.LiMings brother are going to skip tomorrow. _改_ A B C12. He is going to learns Chinese next year. _改_A B C.13.My father will makes supper this evening. _改_AB C14. The students will have a lesson last year. _改_ A B C15. I am going to swimming with my mother. _改_ A B C五划线提问1. I will play bask