完井工具材质

1、Materials Selection for Various Service,Conditions,不同环境下材料的选择,?,Non-corrosive/Mildly sour service,无腐蚀，微酸性环境,?,CO,2,Corrosion/Intermediate Service(Wt. Loss,Corrosion),二氧化碳腐蚀，质量损失腐蚀,?,Highly corrosive service (high CO,2,/high H,2,S/high T),严重腐蚀环境（高温，高含硫，高含二氧化碳）,?,Water injection service,注水环境,Completio

2、n Equipment Materials as a,Function of Customers Tubing,与油管相对应,Tubing Material,油管材质,?,J-55, C-75, N-80, L-80,?,C-90/ T-95,?,13Cr (420 Mod.),?,Super 13Cr,?,22/25Cr (Duplex),?,825,?,C-276,Completion Equipment Material,完井工,?,4130/4140,?,4130 Modified (90 ksi), T-95, 925 for,polished bores,?,410/13Cr, 4

3、20 Mod.,?,Super 13Cr,?,25Cr or 718,?,925, 718,?,725,Materials Selection Guide,材质选择指,Environment,使用环境,?,Non-Corrosive Service,无腐蚀环境,?,4130/4140 (polished bores,打磨的口径,9 Cr-,?,Slightly Corrosive to Moderately Corrosive,?,4130 External,外表,(22 HRc max) 9 Cr-1 Mo,Low H,2,S, CO,2,+ Water Low Temperatures,W

4、etted,250,F,低腐蚀环境，低含硫，,Co2,，低温小于,250F,?,CO,2,Corrosion, Trace H,2,S,二氧化碳腐蚀，微硫化氢,?,22/25Cr S.S.,?,CO,2,Corrosion, Low H,2,S Higher Temperatures,?,22/25Cr S.S.,?,二氧化碳腐蚀，低硫化氢，更高温,?,925/718 (Ni-Cr) alloys,?,Severely Corrosive H,2,S, CO,2, up to 300,F,?,725, C-276, etc.,?,严重的硫化氢，二氧化碳腐蚀，高温至,300F,?,Severel

5、y Corrosive + Temperatures over 300,F,严重腐蚀，温度超过,300F,Alloy Recommended,推荐使用合金,Equipment for Standard/ Low H,2,S,Service,标准或低含硫环境的材质选择,?,Low alloy steels, 4130/4130 used for most completion,equipment.,低合金钢，,4130,适用于绝大多数的完井工具,?,Flow wetted components in safety valves are made,from 9Cr-1Mo. Polished bo

6、re components ie. Nipples,are made from 9Cr-1Mo or higher alloys.,流体经过部分材,1Mo,，外表面材质,9Cr-1Mo,或者更高质量的合金。,?,LA steels and 9Cr-1Mo are usually heat treated to,80ksi YS and hardness controlled to HRC 22 per NACE,std. LA,合金和,9Cr-1Mo,经过回火处理后可以达到,80Ksi,屈,度，,HRC,硬度,22.,?,Prime consideration is given for wei

7、ght loss corrosion,issues. Goal is 10-20 year service life and beyond if,required.,首要考虑的是由于质量损失引起的腐蚀，目标是,年的服务年限，或者更高。,CO,2,Corrosion and Intermediate Service,二氧化碳腐蚀环境,?,Generally, 13Cr, Super 13Cr and are used.,?,一般使用,13Cr,，或者超级,13Cr,。,410-13Cr,420 Mod,F6NM,17-4PH,Ally 450,Super 13Cr,Super Duplex,Ca

8、rbon,碳,Chromium,铬,Nickel,镍,Molybdenum,钼,Copper,铜,0.08,0.15,12.5,13.5,0.50,-,-,0.15,0.22,12,14,0.50,-,0.25,80,0.06,12,14,3.5,4.5,0.3,0.7,-,80,0.07,15.5,17.5,3,5,-,3,5,105,0.05,14,16,5,7,0.5,1.0,1.25,1.75,85-95,0.03,12,14,4,5,1.5,3,0.15,95,0.03,24- 26,6,8,3,4,1,80,Min. Y,.S. , ksi,80,最小抗拉强度,（,ksi,）,Ma

9、x HRc,22,最大洛氏硬度,22,23,33,31,28,Q&T,28,Ann.,Heat Treatment,Q & T Double T Q&T,热处理工艺,Good,良好,CO2 Resistance,抗,CO2,性能,Poor,差,H2 S,CT,Resistance,抗硫化氢性能,Good,良好,Poor,差,Q & Double T,Ann. & Double,Ann. & Age,Age,Good,良好,Poor,差,Good,良好,Poor,差,Excellent,优秀,Excellent,优秀,Excellent,优秀,Poor,差,Poor,差,Poor,差,Modif

10、ied 13Cr Stainless Steels,改良,13Cr,合金,?,Offer Higher Strength,更高屈服强度,95 and 110 ksi Grades 95,和,110,两种钢级,?,Higher Toughness,更高抗冲击性能,?,Higher CO,2,Resistance,更高抗二氧化碳腐蚀性能,?,Moderate Cost Increase,成本较少提升,?,Availability in Bar Stock,可用于毛坯料加工,?,Poor in H,2,S,抗二氧化硫腐蚀能力差,Modern CRA Development,现代,CRA,（耐腐蚀合金

11、）发展,?,Introduction began in the early 1970s,七十年到引入行业,?,CRAs used today are Fe or Ni-based alloys, some Ti,Alloys,现金合金多为铁基合金和镍基合金，少数为钛基合金,?,Advances in manufacturing occurred to meet,mechanical strength requirements,生产工艺的发展满足了合金,工具对机械强度的要求,?,Had to optimize composition and heat treatments,define serv

12、ice limits,优化了合金结构和热处理工艺，对,服务环境进行了明确定义。,?,Alter thread designs,改变了丝扣设计,?,Advances in NDE technology occurred,无损检测技术出现,Modern CRA Development,现代,CRA,发展,Why Use CRAs?,为什么使用,CRA,？,?,Corrosion inhibition may be unproven or not effective,enough.,腐蚀抑制剂不能达到理想效果,?,Cost of CRAs can be justified by loss of do

13、wntime due,to downhole inhibitor treatments, workover avoidance,increased gas rates due to lower friction factor of CRA,surface.,由于井下抑制剂而减少了停工期，弥补了因使用,CRA,带来的成本增加。,?,High reliability when selected properly to match,environment.,一旦根据井下环境而选择了合适的合金，,其井下表现十分可靠。,Alloy 718,合金,718,?,Aerospace alloy that wa

14、s optimized for use in oil and gas,industry,在油气田工业航空合金充分的利用,?,Used for components in safety valves, gas lift valves, packers,etc.,用于安全阀，气举阀，封隔器等的组成部分,?,Large effort to optimize heat treatments to obtain combination of,strength, toughness and corrosion resistance required.,尽可能优选热处理来得到强度、韧度以及抗腐蚀性的需求,?

15、,Solution Anneal 1850,F-1900,F 1hr min- 2hrs,?,融化退火,1850,F-1900,F 1,小时（最小）,-2,小时,?,Age 6hrs min,8hrs 1425-1475,F,?,持续时间,6,小时（最小）,-8,小时在,1425-1475,F,?,Typical properties 120ksi YS, Charpy impact value min. 35 ft-lbs,H,典型的性质：,120ksi,屈服强度，夏氏冲击值最小,35,英尺磅、洛氏硬度,32-40,Alloy 925/718,合金,925/718,?,Yield Stren

16、gth:,925 - 110 ksi Min. 925-110ksi,最小,屈服强度：,718 - 120 or 130 ksi Min.718-120,或,130ksi,最小,?,Isotropic,均质的,?,Excellent Corrosion Resistance,极好的抗腐蚀性,?,Available in all sizes in Bar Stocks,可用于各种尺寸的棒材,?,Compliance to NACE Standard MR0175,符合防腐工程师协会标准,MR,?,No concerns with acidizing,适应酸化条件,?,Experienced in

17、 HP/HT,适用于在高温高压,?,Smaller OD/Larger ID,小外径,/,大内径,?,Weldable,可焊的,?,Only 5% drop in y.s. at 350oF,在,350oF,的温度下只有小于,5%,屈服,SSSV,安全阀,Nipple,坐落短节,SPM,材质,Packer,封隔器,Material Selection for,Completion Equipment,完井设备的材料选择,General and/or,Intermediate,Severe and/or,Water injection,Sour service,and/or CO,2,H,2,S

18、-CO,2,service,Service,一般和,/,或酸化服务,Service,服务和,/,或,H,2,S-CO,2,注水服务,过渡的和,/,或,CO,2,服务,服务,9CR, fl. Wet 4140,13CR fl wet 4140,925/718 f.w. Or all,17-4PH or 25Cr,ext.,ext or (all 13CR for,925/718 (for,Oxygen kept to a,13CR tubing),duplex or 825,minimum.,氧气保持一,tubing),个最小值。,9CR,13CR,925/718,17-4PH or 25Cr,

19、4130,410,925/718,17-4PH, Custom,450, 25Cr,4130/4140,13CR f.w. 4140 ext.,925/718 f.w. 4140,4140 ext., 17-4PH,ext.,or 25Cr f.w. parts,Field A Reservoir Data,A,油田储集层数据,大孔眼射孔器,BHP,井底温度,BHT,井口温度,FWHT,关井井口压力,SI WHP,井的流体,Well Fluid,实际垂深,Depth (TVD),采油速度,Production rate,汽油比,GOR,硫化氢,H,2,S,二氧化碳,CO,2,氯离子浓度,Cl-

20、,汞离子,Mercury,Scale,规模,甲醇,Methanol,910 Bar (13,195 psi),170o (338 oF),145 oC (293 oF),720 Bar (10,440 psi),Gas Condensate,凝析气,4,600 Meters (15,093 feet),2 mmscmd/2,200 scmd,(71 mmscfd/14,400 bpd),900,11 - 30 ppm (0.14-0.39 psia),4-7% (527 - 925 psia),5,000 mg/l,Traces,追踪,Yes,Injected,注入,Well Completi

21、ons,完井,5000 m: 7”, 26 lb/ft.,Total tubing,合计油管总重,:,Total equipment,合计工具总重,:,430 tons 430,45 tons 45,吨,吨,?,?,Relative Cost,相对成本,RAW MATERIAL BAR STOCK,ALLOY,$/lb.,4130,1.0,4140,1.0,9Cr,1.5,410-13Cr,2.0,420 Mod.,2.0,17-4,3.0,304,2.5,316,3.0,S13Cr,5.0,450,6.0,918,5.5,Monel K-500,12,925,11.5,718,12,625M,20,725,20,C-276,50,MP35N,60,Relative Cost of TRM/TRC SCSSV,TRM/TRC,安全阀的相对成本,Valve Material,材质,9Cr Flow Wetted,All 13 Cr ss,All 718,Relative Cost,相对成本,TRM,TRC,1.0,1,1.3,1.5,2,3,Surface Treatments,Corrosion, wear, friction, etc. occur on the surface,表面处理,发生在表面的腐蚀，磨损，摩擦等,Applicatio