下载本文档
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、.Fastener BasicsCommon Fastener TypesFastener Materials;.Hex bolts, or hex cap screws, are used in machinery and construction. Can be used with a nut, or in a tapped hole. Fully threaded hex bolts are also known as tap bolts.Wood screws have large threads and a smooth shank f or pulling two pieces o
2、f material together. They can be used in wood and other soft materi-als.Sheet metal screws have sharp points and threads, and are designed to be driven directly into sheet metal. They can also be used in softer materials like plastic, fiberglass, or wood.Machine screws are fully threaded for use wit
3、h a nut or in a tapped hole. Certain types are some-times referred to as stove bolts.Socket screws are machine screws with an internal hex socket (Allen) drive. Longer lengths may have a smooth shank.Lag bolts, or lag screws, are large wood screws with hex heads. Typically used for wood construction
4、 and landscaping.Carriage bolts have smooth, domed heads with a square section underneath that pulls into the material to prevent spinning during installation.Nuts are used to fasten machine threaded fasteners in through-hole applications. Lock nuts help prevent loosening.Washers spread the load ove
5、r a greater surface area when tightening a bolt, screw or nut. Lock washers help preventing loosening.Tip: Find a more comprehensive fastener type chartGrade/Class & Fastener StrengthFastener Grade (US) or Class (metric) refers to the mechanical proper-ties of the fastener material. Generally, a hig
6、her number indicates a stronger, more hardened (but also more brittle) fastener.For a chart of fastener grades, head markings and mechanical properties, see Bolt Depots Grade markings and Strength ChartUS bolt head markingsMetric bolt head markings8.810.912.9Low CarbonGrade 5Grade 8Class 8.8Class 10
7、.9Class 12.9Note: In addition to these markings, the head will often have a manufacturer stamp.Note: Do not rely on this guide for color-matching. The appearance of these materials sometimes di ers signifi-cantly from the photos below.Zinc-plated steel is a low carbon steel for general use. Relative
8、ly inexpensive, with the zinc plating providing moderate corrosion resistance suitable for indoors or otherwise dry conditions. Color is either a blue-ish tint oryellow depending on the exact process.Hot-dipped galvanized steel has a thicker zinc coating for better corrosion resistance, making it su
9、itable for outdoor use. Because of the thick plating,only galvanized nuts and washers will fit galvanized bolts. The coating typically has a rough, dull grey finish.Stainless steel o ers good corrosion resistance, making it suitable for outdoor use and marine applications, but ismore expensive than
10、zinc plated.Chrome and nickel plated steel are smooth and polished for appearance. Theplating o ers moderate corrosion resistance.Brass and bronze are copper alloys with good corrosion resistance. More expensive than steel, these materials are typically used for decorative applications. Colors can v
11、ary significantly.Alloy steel is highly hardened and usually black oxide and/or oil coated, o ering little corrosion resistance.Page 1How Fasteners are Notated: An ExampleMachine screws, Phillips pan head, Stainless steel 18-8, #12-24 x 1FastenertypeMaterialDiameterLengthThread Count (TPI)Drive Type
12、sHead StylesMeasuring DiameterPhillips SlottedComboFrearson PozidrivHex socket(Allen)StarSquare(Robertson)Phillips and Slotted drives are common in screws, but prone to cam-out (stripping).Combo drives, that can be used with either driver, areavailable for many fastener types.Frearson and Pozidriv a
13、re similar to Phillips, but less prone to cam-out.Hex socket (Allen) drives are compact and easy to drive, but prone to cam-out.Star and Square drive are resistant to cam-out and can be installed single-handed.Hex heads are typically used with larger bolts and screws, and tightened with a wrench.Pan
14、 heads have a slightly domed head that sits above the surface.Flat heads are installed in a countersunk hole for a flat surface.Round heads are tall domed heads, used primarily for decorative purposes.Oval heads are a low domed and countersunk heads, used primarily for decorative purposes.Truss head
15、s are slightly domed, with a wide head for an extra large surface area.Socket heads are narrow with a socket drive, and knurled or smooth sides.For most types of fasteners, the diameteris measured on the outside of the threads.Note: US diameters under 1/4” are given as numbers (e.g. #12) instead of
16、inches, in order of increasing size. If you need to find the actual diameter, use a table corresponding to your fastener type Thread Count & Thread PitchMachine threaded fasteners specify a thread density in Threads Per Inch (US) or as a Thread Pitch in mm (Metric).For a given diameter, a fastener m
17、ay be available in coarse (standard), fine and sometimes super fine thread.Measuring LengthNote: Most drive types (Frearson and Slotted being notable exceptions) require the correct driver size for proper installation.Button heads feature a medium dome. Typically used with a hex socket drive.Fastene
18、r length is usually measured from where the material is assumed to be to the end of the fastener.Nut & Washer SizesNut and washer sizes indicate the screw or bolt they fit. For example:3/8”-16 Hex Bolt3/8” Washer3/8” -16 NutDi erent washer patterns have di erent outside diameters. For example, harde
19、ned US washers are available in USS (wider) and SAE (narrower) patterns. Fender washers have large outside diameters.1/4” 1/4” 1/4” x 1”SAEUSSFenderPage 2Thus, countersunk fasteners are measured overall and non-counter-sunk fasteners are measured from under the head.Fastener Type ChartFastener Categ
20、oriesWood ScrewsScrews with a smooth shank and tapered point for use in wood. Abbreviated WS.Self Drilling SMSA sheet metal screw with a self drilling point.Socket ScrewsSocket screws, also known as Allen Head, are fastened with a hex Allen wrench.Machine ScrewsScrews with threads for use with a nut
21、 or tapped hole.Abbreviated MS.Hex BoltsBolts with a hexagonal head with threads for use with a nut or tapped hole. Abbrevi-ated HHMB or HXBT.Lag BoltsBolts with a wood thread and pointed tip.Abbreviated Lag.Thread CuttingMachine ScrewsMachine screws with a thread cutting (self tapping) point.Carria
22、ge BoltsBolts with a smooth rounded head that has a small square section underneath.Eye BoltsA bolt with a circular ring on the head end. Used for attaching a rope or chain.Sheet Metal ScrewsFully threaded screws with a point for use in sheet metal.Abbreviated SMS.Plow BoltsSimilar to carriage bolts
23、 but used for attaching the cutting edge of a plow to the plow blade.Eye LagsSimilar to an eye bolt but with wood threads instead of machine thread.J-BoltsU-BoltsShoulder BoltsElevator BoltsJ shaped bolts are used forBolts in U shape for attachingShoulder bolts (also knownElevator bolts are often us
24、edtie-downs or as an open eyeto pipe or other roundas stripper bolts) are used toin conveyor systems. Theybolt.surfaces. Also available withcreate a pivot point.have a large, flat head.a square bend.Fastener Type ChartFastener Categories (continued)Sex BoltsMating ScrewsHanger BoltsSet ScrewsSex bol
25、ts (a.k.a. barrel nuts orMating screws have aHanger bolts have woodMachine screws with no headChicago bolts) have a femaleshoulder that matches thethread on one end andfor screwing all the way intothread and are used fordiameter of the sex boltsmachine thread on the otherthreaded holes.through bolti
26、ng applicationsthey are used with.endwhere a head is desired onboth sides of the joint.Timber BoltsCotter PinsRivetsMachine threaded fastenersCotter or split pins have twoUsed to join sheets of metal.with a wide domed head. Thetines which are bent apart toDuring installation the rivethead has fins u
27、nderneathhold them in place.body is deformed to perma-that prevent the bolt fromnently lock in place. Blindspinning during installation.rivets can be installed withoutTypically used in wood.access to the back side ofthe material.Head StylesFlatOvalPanTrussA countersunk head with aA countersunk head
28、with aA slightly rounded head withAn extra wide head with aflat top.rounded top.short vertical sides.rounded top.Abbreviated FHAbbreviated OH or OVAbbreviated PNRoundHexHex WasherHex FlangeA domed head.A hexagonal headA hex head with built inA hex head with built inAbbreviated RHAbbreviated HH or HX
29、washer.flange.Slotted Hex WasherButtonSocket CapA hex head with built inA low-profile rounded headA small cylindrical head usingwasher and a slot.using a socket drive.a socket drive.Fastener Type ChartDrive TypesPhillips and FrearsonAn X-shaped drive.Abbreviated PH.One WayInstalls with a normal slotted driver but can not be removed without special tools.SlottedCombinationSocket, Hex or AllenA slot in the head.A combination of slotted andA hexagonal hole for useAbbrevia
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 山东省滨州市沾化区2024年数学六上期末达标检测模拟试题含解析
- 山东省德州市庆云县2024-2025学年六年级数学第一学期期末教学质量检测试题含解析
- 中医药临床研究质量控制规范 编制说明
- 山东省济南市高新区学卷A2025届数学四上期末考试试题含解析
- 2024年离合器主缸项目发展计划
- 山东省聊城市茌平区2024-2025学年数学六年级第一学期期末达标检测试题含解析
- 山东省临沂市平邑县2024年数学六上期末学业水平测试模拟试题含解析
- 山东省青岛市胶州市2025届数学六年级第一学期期末质量跟踪监视试题含解析
- 2024年新型铁合金用封接玻璃项目合作计划书
- 岗前安全培训试题及参考答案(培优A卷)
- 德育:交友之道课件
- 危险化学品作业场所安全、危险象形图、方向辅助标志、警戒线、警示语句、图形标志尺寸、基本形式
- 热连轧冷连轧机型和质量控制课件
- 节前安全教育培训记录
- 《民航飞机自动飞行控制系统》课件合集
- 幼儿园园长专业发展标准解读课件
- 胰腺疾病大全课件
- 电厂煤场雨水沉淀池施工方案
- DB4108-T 6-2020政务服务窗口服务情绪化办事群众工作规范-(高清现行)
- (月份)酒水出入库明细表
- 螺杆式空压机结构课件
评论
0/150
提交评论