Issue写作范文详细解析

1、Issue写作范文详细解析 给大家了Issue写作范文详细解析，快来一起学习吧。下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 Issue The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished. 观点陈述型作文/题目 被置于媒体审视下的任何人，其名誉终将受毁损。 Sample Essay The intensity of todays media coverage has been greatly magnified by the sheer number and types of

2、media outlets that are available today. Intense petition for the most revealing photographs and the latest information on a subject has turned even minor media events into so-called media frenzies. Reporters are forced by the nature of the petition to pry ever deeper for an angle on a story that no

3、one else has been able to uncover. With this type of media coverage, it does bee more and more likely that anyone who is subjected to it will have his or her reputation tarnished, as no individual is perfect. Everyone makes mistakes. The advances in technology have made much information easily and i

4、nstantaneously available. Technology has also made it easier to dig further than ever before into a persons past, increasing the possibility that the subjects reputation may be harmed. 范文正文 当今媒体报道的力度，由于当今时代所能获得的媒体渠道那前所未有的数量和种类，从而被极大地增强。围绕着对最具暴露性的图片及对某一题材最新信息所展开的竞争，使哪怕是次要的媒体事件也转变为所谓的媒体疯狂.由于竞争的本质，记者们被

5、迫就某一项报道作深度采访，以其窥探到一个任何其他人都无法揭示的视角。随着这类媒体报道的出现，任何被置于媒体报道之下的人，其名誉越来越有可能被玷污，因为金无赤金，人无完人.每个人都有可能犯错误。技术进步使大量的信息在第一瞬间便被轻易获取。技术也使媒体得以比以往任何时候更深入地去挖掘一个人的过去，从而更增加了当事人名誉受损的可能性。 The above statement is much too broad, however. Anyone covers all people all over the world. There are people whose reputations have o

6、nly been enhanced by media scrutiny. There are also people whose reputations were already so poor that media scrutiny could not possibly diminish it any further. There may very well be people that have done nothing wrong in the past, at least that can be discovered by the media, whose reputations co

7、uld not be diminished by media scrutiny. To broadly state that anyone subjected to media coverage will have his or her status sullied implies that everyones reputation worldwide is susceptible to damage under any type of media scrutiny. What about children, particularly newborn children? What about

8、those people whose past is entirely unknown? 然则，上述陈述涵盖面过于宽泛。任何人涵盖了世界上所有的人。有些人的名誉反而会因为媒体的聚焦而陡然显赫起来。也有些人，其名声早就如此之糟糕，以致于媒体的聚焦再也无法让它受到更坏的毁损。笼统地陈述受媒体报道的任何人均会使其地位被玷污，这暗示着全球每个人的名声在任何种类的媒体聚焦下均易于遭诟病。那么，对于天真无辜的孩子们，尤其新生婴儿，情况会如何?对于那些其过去根本无人知晓的人来说，情况又会是什么样呢? Another problem with such a broad statement is that it

9、 does not define the particular level of media scrutiny. Certainly there are different levels of media coverage. Does merely the mention of ones name in a newspaper constitute media scrutiny? What about the coverage of a single event in someones life, for example a wedding or the birth of a baby? Is

10、 the media coverage of the heroic death of a firefighter or police officer in the line of duty ever going to diminish that persons reputation? It seems highly unlikely that in these examples, although these people may have been subjected to media scrutiny, these individuals reputations are undamaged

11、 and potentially enhanced by such exposure. 对于这样一项笼统的陈述而言，它的另一个问题是没能明晰界定媒体聚焦的具体程度。媒体的报道毫无疑问存在程度上的差别。只在报纸上提及一个人的名字，是否算作媒体聚焦?对某人一生中单独一次事件(如婚礼或孩子出生)的报道这也算媒介聚焦吗?媒体对消防队员或警官因公而死的英雄壮举进行报道，难道也会毁损该人的名声吗?在这些实例中，其名声受损的事情极不可能发生。虽然这些人可能被置于媒体审视之下，但其名声却会完好无损，且潜在地可因这些披露而得以提高。 Without a doubt, there are many example

12、s of individuals whose reputations have been diminished by media scrutiny. The medias uncovering of former U.S. President Bill Clintons affair with Monica Lewinsky will most likely overshadow the entire eight years of his administration. Basketball superstar Michael Jordans sterling reputation has b

13、een tarnished more than once by the media; first by media coverage of his gambling habits, then most recently (and in a much more harmful manner) by news reports of his marital infidelities and the divorce from his wife of thirteen years. Fame and fortune can turn an ordinary individual into a media

14、 target where reporters will stop at almost nothing to dig up dirt that will sell more newspapers or entice more viewers to watch a television program. It could even be argued that media scrutiny killed Princess Diana as her car sped away from the privacy-invading cameras of reporters in Paris. Ther

15、e is no doubt that there are a large number of people who have been hurt in one way or another by particularly intense media scrutiny. 毫无疑问，也有许多例子能证明一个人的名声会被媒体审视所毁损。媒体对美国前总统Bill Clinton与Monica Lewinsky的风流韵事的揭露极有可能会将其八年的执政生涯置于阴影之中。超级篮球明星Michael Jordan一世英名也被媒体不止一次地玷污，首先是被有关其赌习的媒体报道，其次是最近且以一种更具致命性伤害的方式

16、被有关他婚姻不忠以及与其结婚13年的妻子分道扬镳的报道。当媒体记者不择手段去挖掘某些可促使其报纸销量大增的猛料时，或去诱惑更多的观众观看某一电视节目时，名和利就会将一个普通人转变为媒体追踪的目标。我们甚至可以提出这样一种论点，即正是媒体的审视将Diana王妃置于死地，随着她的汽车去竭力逃脱巴黎街头的记者们那侵犯隐私的相机镜头。毫无疑问，肯定有许多人被极其强烈的媒体聚焦以一种方式或另一种方式所伤害。 In summary, it seems impossible that for every person that is subjected to media scrutiny, his or h

17、er reputation will eventually be diminished. Millions of people are mentioned in the media every day yet still manage to go about their lives unhurt by the media. Normal individuals that are subjected to media scrutiny can have their reputation either enhanced or damaged depending on the circumstanc

18、es surrounding the media coverage. The likelihood of a diminished reputation from the media rises proportionally with the level of notoriety that an individual possesses and the outrageousness of that persons behavior. The length of time in the spotlight can also be a determining factor, as the long

19、er the person is examined in the media, the greater the possibility that damaging information will be discovered or that the individual will do something to disparage his or her reputation. But to broadly state that media scrutiny will diminish anyones reputation is to overstate the distinct possibi

20、lity that, given a long enough time and a certain level of intensity of coverage, the media may damage a persons reputation. (766words) 归纳而言，对于每个被置于媒体审视的人来说，其名声将最终受到毁损似乎并不可能。每天，有数百万人被媒体提到，但他们仍设法我行我素，不为媒体所伤害。被置于媒体审视之下的普通人，其名声或可得到提高，或可蒙受毁损，取决于围绕着媒体报道的具体情况。一个人的名声受媒体毁损的可能性，与所其拥有的臭名昭著的程度，及其行为的令人厌恶程度成正比。受

21、媒体关注的时间长短同样也是一个决定性因素，因为一个人被媒体审视的时间越长，于他名声不利的信息越有可能被抖落出来，或者该人越有可能去做出某些于其名声不利的事情。但只是笼统地陈述媒体的审视终将毁掉一个人的名声，即是过分夸大这样一种显著的可能性，即在足够长的时间和一度程度的报道力度这两个条件下，媒体是有可能毁掉一个人的名声的。 Topic The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine：The decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide clearly indi

22、cates the global pollution of water and air. Two studies of amphibians in Yosemite National Park in California confirm my conclusion. In 1915 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 1992 there were only four species of amphibia

23、ns observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. The decline in Yosemite has been blamed on the introduction of trout into the parks waters, which began in 1920 (trout are known to eat amphibian eggs). But the introduction of trout cannot be the real reason for the

24、Yosemite decline because it does not explain the worldwide decline. Sample Essay In this argument, the writer of the letter concludes that global pollution of water and air has caused a decline in the number of amphibians worldwide. To support his or her conclusion, the writer cites the results of t

25、wo studies, seventy-five years apart, that purportedly show that the number of amphibians in one park in California, Yosemite National Park, have drastically declined. Additionally, the writer casts aside a given reason for the decline, stating that the introduction of trout to the park (who are kno

26、wn to eat amphibian eggs) does not explain the worldwide decline in the number of amphibians. This argument defies simple logic and suffers from several critical fallacies. First of all, the argument is based on only two studies in one specific part of the world, Yosemite National Park in California

27、. It is impossible to pinpoint a worldwide theory for the decline of amphibians based on any number of studies in only one specific location in the world - the specific varieties of amphibians, geographical conditions and other location specific variables prohibit such a sweeping generalization. One

28、 very specific location cannot be used as a model for all other locations, even within one particular country, let alone the entire world. The writer provides no evidenced whatsoever that links the Yosemite study with any purported effects anywhere else in the global environment. Secondly, the two s

29、eparate studies were done seventy-five years apart. There is no evidence that the two studies were conducted in a similar manner over the same duration of time or even over the same exact areas of Yosemite National Park, or that the exact same study methods were used. For example, perhaps the first

30、study lasted over an entire year and was conducted by twenty-five experts in amphibious biology, resulting in the finding of seven species of amphibians in abundant numbers. By contrast, perhaps the second study was conducted over a period of one week by a lone high school student as a school scienc

31、e project. The writer offers no basis on which to pare the two studies, leaving it open as to whether the two are truly parable in their breadth, scope and expertise. Finally, the writer notes that the decline in the amphibian population has been blamed on the introduction of trout into the parks wa

32、ters in 1920, but then dismisses that argument on the purely specious basis that it does not explain the worldwide decline. This part of the argument blithely dismisses the very relevant fact that trout are known to eat amphibian eggs. This attempt to prove a negative is the last resort of those in

33、search of some vain attempt to prove the truth of the matter that they are asserting. It is basically impossible to prove a negative; this is an attempt to shift the burden of proof back on to the nonbelievers of the argument. The global environmental situation and that of Yosemite National Park are

34、 not perfectly correlated, and the fact that the trout may very well be responsible for the decline cannot simply be dismissed without further proof. In summary, the writer fails to establish any causal relationship between global air and water pollution and the decline of amphibious life worldwide.

35、 The evidence presented is extremely weak at best and narrowly focuses on one tiny area of the globe, as well as putting forward as proof two studies about which almost nothing is known. For a stronger argument, the writer would need to directly put forth evidence associating air and water pollution

36、 with not only the decline at Yosemite but also throughout other areas of the world.(599 words) 题目 下述文字摘自一封致某环保杂志的信函：全球两栖动物数量的减少明显标志着全球性水与大气的污染。对加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园内两栖动物所作的两项研究可证实我的这一结论。1915年公园内有七个物种的两栖动物，每一物种都拥有丰富的种群数量。然而，1992年，在公园内所能观察到的两栖动物物种仅为四类，且每一物种的种群数量已骤然下降。约塞米蒂公园动物数量减少被归咎于始于1920年的将鲑鱼引入公园水域的做法(众所

37、周知，鲑鱼喜食两栖动物所产的卵)。但鲑鱼的引入不可能成为约塞米蒂公园动物数量减少的 _，因为它无法来解释全球范围内的动物数量减少。 范文正文 在本项论述中，信函作者的结论是，全球性水与大气污染已致使世界范围内两栖动物的数量减少。为了支持其论点，作者援引了两份时隔75年之久的研究结果，这两份结果据称可证明加利福尼亚州某一公园即约塞米蒂国家公园内两栖动物的数量锐减。此外，该作者撇开了动物数量减少的一个已知原因，陈述道，将鲑鱼引入公园(据称，鲑鱼喜食两栖动物所产的卵)这一做法不足以解释世界范围内两栖动物数量上的减少。这一论点有悖于简单的逻辑，犯有一系列关键性的逻辑谬误。 首先，该论点所依据的仅仅是世

38、界上某一特定地点即加利福尼亚州约塞米蒂国家公园内的两份研究。围绕着两栖动物数量减少这一问题，如果仅以世界上一个特定的地点为样品，再多数量的研究也无法得出一种精确的、适用于全世界的理论。两栖动物的具体种类、地理状况以及其他因地点而特异的变数均不允许我们作出如此一概而论的总括。一个非常具体的地点不能用作一个代表所有其他地点的模型，即使在一个特定的国家内也不行，更不用说在整个世界范围内了。信函作者没有提供任何证据将约塞米蒂公园的研究与全球环境中任何其他一处地方的任何所宣称的效果联系起来。 其次，所提及的那两项互为独立的研究时隔75年之久。没有证据可证明这两项研究是在相同的时间跨度内以相似的方式进行的

39、，或是在约塞米蒂公园完全相同的地点进行的，或所使用的研究方法绝然相同。 例如，第一项研究可能持续了整整一年之久，且是由两栖动物生物学领域的二十五位专家共同进行的。结果是发现了七大种类数目众多的两栖动物。相反，第二项研究可能是一位高中生孤身一人所做的学校的一个科学课题，仅为期一个星期。信函作者没有提供将此两项研究进行比较的基础，从而使两项研究在其广度、范围以及专业水准方面的可比性不得而知。 最后，信函作者指出，两栖动物种群数量的减少，已被人归咎于1920年将鲑鱼引入公园水域这一做法，但紧接着又以该论据无法解释世界范围内动物数量减少这一似是而非的依据将该论据予以否认。信函作者论述中的这一部分漫不经

40、心地将一个极为相关的事实弃置不顾，即众所周知，鲑鱼喜食两栖动物所产的卵。这种prove a negative 的尝试往往是这样一类人所惯用的最后伎俩，他们竭力寻找某种徒劳的尝试，力图去证明他们所宣称的事物的真理。从根本上讲，prove a negative是不可能的。这样一种做法是试图将论证的负担重新转嫁给不相信该论据的人。全球的环境情形与约塞米蒂公园的情形并不绝然对应。鲑鱼极有可能造成了两栖动物数量减少这一事实在缺乏进一步证据的情况下是断不能轻易予以否认的。 概括而言，信函作者没能在全球空气和水污染与世界范围内两栖生命数量减少之间建立起任何因果关系。该作者所拿出的证据充其量也是极为苍白无力的

41、，狭隘地将焦点集中在世界的一片极小的区域上，作为证据而援引的两项研究几乎 _明任何问题。欲使其论点更具力度，信函作者尚需摆出直接的证据，将水和空气污染不仅仅与约塞米蒂公园的两栖动物数量减少联系起来，而且也与世界其他地方的动物数量减少联系起来。 Issue People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual petition does. Sample Essay Teamwo

42、rk as a whole can naturally produce an overall greater productivity through the concept of synergy, where the total of the whole is greater than the sum of its individual parts. But the idea that people work more productively in teams rather than as individuals is going to vary greatly between the t

43、ypes of teams that are organized, the end reward or motivation for both the team and the individuals, as well as the individuals themselves. Regarding individuals, some people are born with the desire to sueed, no matter what the situation or task that they are facing. These people may evolve into t

44、he classic Type A personalities that work ferociously because they are driven by an internal fire that says they must always be doing something, whether individually or as part of a team. Other people may desire to be less socially involved or are very highly petitive with other people. For these pe

45、ople, their work is most productive as individuals, because the very idea of cooperating with other people limits their effectiveness and efficiency because they simply do not want to be a part of the team. Whether this mindset is innate or developed over time does not matter, it is merely the state

46、 of their being and neither motivation nor rewards can generate inside them the desire to work collectively as a team. Some people are highly motivated by social interaction and the desire to work with others towards a collective effort. Obviously these individuals are at their most productive when

47、working as part of a team. Organizational behavioral studies have shown that Asian cultures are much more likely to develop this type of collective behavior as opposed to the more individualistic behavior associated with Western cultures. It could naturally be assumed then that there may be cultural

48、 values that can determine whether people are at their most productive individually or as part of a team. Another variable is the end reward that is involved with the task at hand. Will the rewards be greater if the team works together towards a mon goal, or are the rewards more geared toward indivi

49、dual performance? To the extent that the individual is motivated by the end reward, obviously his or her performance inside of a team may be more or less productive with respect to the entire team, depending on how the performance is rewarded. Individual goals may interfere with the group performanc

50、e. Synergies may not be achieved because the individuals are not working towards a whole sum but rather towards an individual reward. Productivity thus will vary for each person as a team member or as an individual depending on the degree to which that person is motivated by an individual or overall team reward. Finally, the degree of productivity of a person will depend upon the type of team that is organized. Is the group posed of equally contributing indivi