如何分析英语句子结构PPT课件

1、.,1,句子成分与句子结构,.,2,一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分，即句子的成分： 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。 1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的主体。如 I study English中的 I。作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。 2、谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如 I study English中的 study.作谓语的有：及物动词或及物动词短语。,.,3,(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walki

2、ng into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult., teacher man dictionary To do,.,4,(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 (10分，10分钟) I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. pictu

3、re D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give

4、 my book to? A. giveB. did C. whom D. book, B A C C A A,.,5,3、宾语： 它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的，如 I study English 中的English和He makes full use of his spare time to study中的his spare time.介词后的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如He went away with no words中的no words.作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。,.,6, My brother hasnt done his homewo

5、rk.AB CD People all over the world speak English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B CD, D D B,.,7,4、表语： 它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的，如 That sounds a good idea中的a good idea.作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。,.,8, The old man was feeling very tired. A B CD Why is he

6、worried about Jim?AB C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B CD,DBD,.,9,5、定语： 它是限定名词或代词用的，作定语的有：名词、形容词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.,.,10, They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D What

7、is your given name?A B CD On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D The man downstairs was trying to sleep. AB CD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A BCD,定语 C C A B B D,.,11,6、状语： 它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如I like it very much中的ver

8、y 修饰much,而much 又修饰like。 状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。,.,12,There was a big smile on her face.A B CD Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B CD The man on the motorbike

9、was travelling to fast. A B CD, D A D D,挑出下列句中的状语,.,13,7、补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的，作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。如I find it interesting中的interesting.,8、同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如We Chinese people ，love peace中的Chinese people是主语We的同位语.,.,14, She likes the children to read newsp

10、apers and books in the reading-room. A B CD He asked her to take the boy out of school. A B CD She found it difficult to do the work.A B CD They call me Lily sometimes. A B C D, C C C C,挑出下列句中的宾语补足语,.,15,Take a break!,.,16,二、按照句子的结构来分，英语的句子有以下三种类型： 1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：My brother

11、 and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.,.,17,3、复合句： 复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure. 从以上并列句和复合句的例句

12、来看，我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。因此，只要我们掌握了简单句的几种基本句型，我们就可以通过在句中寻找起连接作用的连词来分析复杂的句子。,.,18,三、简单句的五种基本句型： 1、主语+连系动词+表语 如： Im not feeling well today. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. 连系动词有：be, seem, appear, keep, prove, turn out/look, feel, sound, smell, taste/become, grow, get, turn,

13、 go, come (true), fall (ill, asleep),.,19,2、主语+不及物动词（或短语）（+状语） 如： The sun rises in the east. The Opium War（鸦片战争） broke out in 1839. 3、主语+及物动词（或短语）+宾语 如： They decided to hold a class meeting. We depend on our parents for food and clothing.,.,20,4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 如： My father bought me an electronic

14、 dictionary. Mr Wang teaches us chemistry. 用于此句型的动词有buy, find, bring, give, teach, pass, show, tell, do, leave, get, lend, lose（使失去）, cost(使付出代价）, offer, promise, sing, write, deny, envy. He denies his wife nothing.,.,21,5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 如： Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work. The

15、 boy made his sister cry. Our teacher encouraged us to work hard. Our headteacher required us not to be late for class,.,22,. 1)、接名词作补足语的动词有：call, choose, think, consider, believe, find, make, etc. 2)、接动词不定式作补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, let, have, hear, make; ask, tell, order, require, want, advise,

16、persuade, cause, encourage, permit (allow), forbid, teach.不能用于此结构的动词有：suggest, demand, hope, agree. 3)、接形容词作补足语的动词有：think, believe, find, feel, consider,keep,leave,make,get,paint,wish,drive.,.,23,以上五种基本句型中的主语、宾语、表语都可扩展成相应的从句，从而成为复合句。同时，复合句中的主、从句也是由以上五种基本句型组成的。如： What he says doesnt agree with what h

17、e does.,Why he came late is that his bike broke down on the way. It occurred to me that I had much homework to do. He promised me that he would attend the lecture. What has made the city what it is now?,.,24,另外，句子采用哪一句型，完全取决于谓语动词的用法. 因此，动词的用法是我们平时复习的重点。如： 1).最近几年我们家乡发生了巨大变化。,In the last few years,great changes have taken place in our hometown.,2).昨晚在十字路口发生了一起严重的交通事故。,A serious traffic accident happened/occurred/came about at the crossing yesterday evening.,.,25,3).我突然想到一个绝妙的主意。,An excellent idea occurred to me.,4).这家餐馆昨晚发生了一场火灾。,A fire broke out in the restaurant last night.,5).听到这个激