古诗词中酒的文化（The culture of wine in ancient poetry）

1、古诗词中酒的文化（The culture of wine in ancient poetry）Keywords wine; cultural structure; British translation; cultural information; domesticationAbstract in the English translation of Tang poetry, the Western cultural structure has an important influence on the transmission of Chinese wine culture informat

2、ion. Western culture is similar to Chinese culture, beer, binge drinking wine culture information in translation is reproduced; and when the two kinds of cultural differences, and Chinese culture the philosophy and values of collectivism wine culture information closely linked, they were lost in the

3、 English translation of Tang poetry.The loss and distortion of source language cultural images in the target text is an important aspect of translation studies. Because of the language sign language system through cultural structure to produce the semantic meaning, language communication is not only

4、 related to the internal language system (hrigl11St1Cstructure), also relates to the social and cultural system (culturalstru cture). The cultural and linguistic system of a nation conveys the cultural information of the nation and is the crystallization of the nations wisdom and culture. As an impo

5、rtant part of the cultural image of cultural information is usually from the object and meaning of two parts, which is specific, image objects can be perceived, is the carrier of the meaning of information, is the objective part of cultural image; meaning is the extended meaning of certain objects i

6、n the literary context and the cultural environment, there are close relationship with the national history, legend. Therefore, the cultural image is a symbol of culture, it has a relatively fixed special cultural meanings, sometimes with rich meaning, profound Association. When people use them, eac

7、h other immediately understood very easily communicated. Because the human understanding of the objective world, the description of natural phenomena have many similarities, namely common core culture (cultural common core) the existence of the different nationalities, cultural understanding and com

8、munication become possible. However, each nation has its own religious beliefs, historical tradition and social patterns, which resulted in the way of thinking, moral values and norms of behavior of different forms of cultural differences and so on, (cultural differences), which leads to the occurre

9、nce of the process of cultural communication and cultural impact (culture shock). An image that is very sensitive and capable of generating special emotional meaning in a particular culture may not cause the same resonance in another culture.In the process of translation, cultural common core can ma

10、ke the target language (targetlanguage) language level and the target language readers understanding of the effect of the source language (source language) language level and the readers understanding of family effect, achieve a perfect agreement. But the cultural difference can cause the language t

11、o take its national characteristic and the distinct national culture information. If the national differences in cultural images are not handled properly, it will cause the loss, deformation and addition of cultural images. In this paper, China wine culture as an example, the connotation and denotat

12、ion of wine and related text comparison of several poems in Tang poetry and English translation in meaning, to explore the Chinese culture of wine in the cultural information is how the western culture structure is reproduced or lost.First, the cultural information of wine in Chinese and Western cul

13、turesThe wine is everywhere in human life, is a worldwide cultural phenomenon, a variety of field streamer in peoples material life and spiritual life. In the west, social gatherings such as dinners, parties, and so on are indispensable, and the types and flavors of wines are far greater than in chi

14、na. In addition, Christians in mass to drink, because wine is the blood of Jesus, drink can be communicated with the mind of God, God bless. Once a year when the Bacchus Festival comes, people will be drinking and drinking binge, the way to drink, a bottle of wine or a cup of wine are all worth ment

15、ioning, raised his head to drink it upside down.Western binge drinking custom originated in honor of the Greek Dionysus worship. The West has God made wine, the ancient Egyptians believed that wine was invented by the sanctuaries of the dead god Osiris,The Greeks think that wine is Dionysus brought

16、to earth. It can be said that in the eyes of Western ancestors, wine with a lot of mystery. Western culture enshrined Dionysus, to commemorate his celebrations often caused by drunken states bacchanal. Bakhtin (Bakhtin) summed up the characteristics of Western carnival culture as non hierarchical, c

17、athartic, subversive and popular.Yang Naiji believes that the western style, a bacchanal, the wine culture is difficult to penetrate the outer layers. In China, the wine culture is widely deep into the deep layers of politics, culture and ethics. It is closely related to human emotional life. For ma

18、ny functions of wine in the Chinese culture, the sun is a detailed description of. In the Chinese culture, wine is a weapon of political struggle, Banquet, wine release for to narrate a wine magical political story. Also, Chinese ancient rulers regard the ritual and war as a national priority. Sacri

19、ficial ceremony is the token of ceremony, and the emperor reverently sacrifices the world, mountains and rivers and ancestors. The purpose is to call the common people to conform to the gods and ancestors, and to obey the rule of the emperor who represents the will of heaven. The folk worship is wor

20、ship, ancestor worship, reflects the Chinese culture, respect for the rights of social rights, smoothly from the characteristics of reveres inferior differential pattern. The imperial sacrifice is the imperial court ceremony, and the folk sacrifice is a family event. Although the level of the differ

21、ence in the world, but the two are courtesy of grand, spectacular, and wine, wine is the worship of phenol essential procedures. The reason why wine is indispensable in sacrifice is attributed to the concept of wine as a gift in the Han culture. In the Chinese culture, the Emperor gave wine and mini

22、ster and subjects, shows the Imperial Grand imperial style, and have fun with the citizens. Is the sacrifice to God, to pray and bless, fathers wine, wine is the representative of the worlds respect and sincerity. Sacrifice and libation fully shows that the Chinese culture is a past orientation, pop

23、ular social power. In the field of creation, wine is an inspiration for inspiration. China poet and painter is the wine with the wine drinking, inspired by the wine. China is cursive, Yin song, twenty immortals and other immortal song drinking wine and the wine poetry, drinking on mysterious poetry

24、reception, poetry writing. Chinese calligraphy and painting also have a problem with liquor. Wang Xizhis Lanting Pavilion, the Chen Rong post Molong map its creation, are all big battle. In addition, wine is an extensive emotional investment in Chinese culture. It is omnipresent in Chinese society a

25、nd daily life. Shallow feelings, lick; feeling, a stuffy vividly depicts the social function of the wine in the China. Finally, because wine can invigorate and invigorate the blood and relieve bones and muscles, it can cure diseases in China. Therefore, wine occupies an important place in Chinas old

26、est health books and medical books. Because of its health care and medicinal value, wine has been seeping from the medical culture to the Chinese dietary culture.Two, the reproduction of Chinese wine culture informationDrinking is not new to eastern and Western cultures. Although the English and Chi

27、nese languages as a cultural carrier differ in thousands of ways, the common knowledge about wine and the similar drinking experience of different nationalities have given the wine a similar cultural meaning and cultural information.(1) ask Liu nineteen, A, SuggestionBai JuyiCool green ants new wine

28、, Theres a gleam of green in. Old bottle,Red small stove. Theres, a, stir, of, red, in, the, quiet, stove,Late day to snow, Theres a feeling of snow in the dusk outside; - 11Can you drink a glass without What, about, a, cup, of, wine, inside?The original poem cool means unfiltered wine, new cool win

29、e, indicating that the wine is new brewed. Entertain new friends with new wine, and ask friends to try new ones. This is a warm and hospitable expression of the host. In the Bynner translation, cool new wine into old bottle (bottle),Is the representative of the Chen Jiu,. As the wine to Chen Guizhou

30、 are known to entertain friends with wine, wine, also shows the sincerity master generous hospitality. Although the poetry changed the original poem images, but because people have the common knowledge of the world of wine, the original poem about wine culture information is not lost, cool new wine

31、and old bottle is a common information transfer, all express the warm and generous hospitality of the owner.(2) plug West Broder SongsLun Lun Lu LunFourth, IVThe wild scene Let feelings begin open a sumptuous banquet, in the wild camp!Qiangrong Helao. Let, bugles, cry, our, victory!Let us, drink, le

32、t, US, dance, in, our, golden, armour!Thunder moving mountains. Let, US, thunder, on, rivets, and, hills, with, drums, our!BynnerThe original poem drunk and dance, the army sergeant soldiers with jubilant yueranzhishang. Chinese since ancient times come after by wine as a reward for exploits practic

33、e, this is a celebration drink. Moreover, not only for the celebration of wine release work the victorious soldiers, is also used to celebrate the victory of any task, the mission of the occasion. In the end, have gone through hardships when people celebrate by dancing, drunk.Shuowen Jiezi will be r

34、eleased as a drunk, drunk wine also died. Every soldier has his measure, and he will not be disorderly. One day wine dies. (drunk) unitary means wine, and pawn means termination. When you cant drink any more wine, youll get drunk. In the word drunk, has two meanings, one is too much alcohol or drug

35、effects and even a temporary loss of consciousness; two is to sleep.In the poem drunk clearly take is to sleep, meaning, is the description of the Army soldiers immersed in the joy of the happy scene, cultural content transfer: victory and joy.Bynner is well aware that the drunk in the original poem

36、 does not contain the meaning of drinking to lose the normal. Therefore, the translation uses the word drink to drink, which accurately conveys the original poems drinking and celebration information. Although the original poem and poetry language is different, but because Westerners also have the c

37、ustom of drinking and partying, resulting in the cultural image of wine celebration, great joy, very familiar to westerners. Here is the representation of the cultural structure of similar people laugh drinking poems in the Tang Dynasty, and tipsy instead of drunk, faint drinking scene.(3) While Ros

38、es Fall farewell to springWang Wei Wang WeiDawn, after, dawn, the, last, doth, nearer, bring,This spring, more return. Ah! What, avails, the, shy, return, of, spring?Then fill the wine cup of to day and letDont hesitate to fly. Night, and, roses, fall, while, we, forget.According to the definition o

39、f word, respect refers to the ancient bronze vessels, and later refers to all the wine. To be grateful for wine means life is full of wine and pleasure. The meaning of the poem is: wine can bring some fun to life, a little fun. Life as long as there is wine, accompanied by happiness, and therefore d

40、o not have to sigh the passage of time and people become old.The original poem depicts the years such as water, life is short, poetic should be drinking pleasure, and Li Bais poetry in the rendering of the youth, the old life easy, comfortable for drunken poetic life have certain similarity. Such as

41、: do not you see energy-saving, such as in the black hair Twilight into the snow. To be the man, who will make squatting on air.Because people know that alcohol is exciting, and wine in the transfer of poem drinking is a pleasure content, completely understandable to westerners,所以译者选用“补酒一杯”（倒满酒）来翻译原

42、文。（4）客中行而旅行李白李杜兰陵美酒郁金香，兰陵酒的美味是金色的色调和风味，玉碗盛来琥珀光！来，FD7我珍贵的玻璃，让它发光的琥珀！但使主人能醉客，如果你能让我醉了，我的主人，这是不够的，不知何处是他乡。不再要我知道的一个奇怪的土地的悲哀。该在原诗中，“醉”取的是辞海中的第一个释义，即”喝酒过多或药物等作用以至暂时失去知觉”。英诗选用的对应词是醉，其字典的第一释义是”醉的”，忠实准确地传达了原诗的内容。众所周知，喝酒过量，酒精便迅速进人血液，从而使大脑皮层细胞极度活跃，渐渐使人产生幻觉，恍如进人飘飘然的仙境，一切烦恼、怨情、伤情、悲情，飘忽而逝。”一醉解千愁”、”借酒消愁”虽是汉文化所特有的

43、文化现象，但由于西方人也深知酒精的作用，因而他们也能理解此诗中的诗人希望醉酒他乡，以忘掉”身在异乡为异客”的多种烦恼和痛楚。三、中国酒文化信息的失落中国人独特的饮酒方式决定了酒在汉文化中所拥有的独特的文化意义。中国人信奉中庸哲学，凡事讲究一个分寸，否则过必成灾。这反映在饮酒时，中国人追求的是微醇，而不是醉昏，好酒而不纵酒。而西方人喜作牛饮，渐至狂欢无度。不同的饮酒方式导致了对酒不同的体会，不同的联想，从而产生了不同的酒文化。其结果是，文化经验的缺失、以及价值观和人际观等方面的差异，都可造成汉文化中酒的文化信息在英译唐诗中的丢失。（5）过酒家Debauch王绩王姬此日长昏饮，填补这一天的悲伤-下

44、药碗！非关养性灵。事情虽然我们淹没光明的灵魂吗？眼看人皆醉，酒oercome当我们所有的人是，何忍独为醒？我可以独自坐在清醒？弗莱彻“性灵”即”性情”、“养”为”修养、培养”。原诗中的”养性灵”，指的是以酒为媒介，引出丰富多彩的生活情趣。中国的文人墨客都好酒，因为酒能使他们忘掉世间烦恼，获得飘飘然的快感，并激发他们的创作灵感，从而能挥毫自如。另外，在酒的兴奋与麻醉的作用下，人的天才、天性也可以无阻碍地发挥出来，这即所谓酒中得情、酒中得智、酒中得趣。可以说中国文人饮酒，追求的是一种创作雅兴、雅趣，旨在以酒寄情、陶冶情操，因而酒在汉文化中可以”养性灵”。作家梁晓声在壶边天一文谈到了西方的酒文化，他

45、说：我认为中国人，西方人对醉的认定使用不同的标一尺。其实西方人也知道酒到微晾最能助谈，诗人贺拉斯说：“酒是可爱的，具有火的性格，水的外形，一杯在手，谁不谈吐风生？！But most Westerners know only a cattle, but with t drunk, can understand the state of the micro air fun, do not know how Chinese like that, a cup to his entrance, thousands of pearls rolled into the throat. . Excessive

46、 is sweet and delicious, fragrant incense, three are kept, sour, sweet, bitter, hot astringent bittersweet.Because the Western wine drink, I do not know its so easy to fall in the Western Micro alcohol taste, China old wine cultivation, the fairy house drink, also it is difficult to resonate in thei

47、r hearts. No wonder Fletcher in the translation of non closed mind, do not understand the deep meaning of. Under the influence of liquor culture translation, the translator thinks that faint drink is uncontrolled after drinking is dead drunk, or the artificial abuse, or vomiting, show all sorts of u

48、gly behaviours in. This idea is also reflected in the translators translation of the poem title, in this regard, Mr. Lv Shuxiang pointed out: the translation by Debauch) do wrong, alcohol. Based on this understanding, the Fletcher drown (Yan Mei) to support, and the English translation of the second

49、 words meaning we bury our wisdom and why?, which completely misunderstood the original poems intention, makes the wine cultivation spirit of the cultural information completely lost in the English translation of the poem in the.(6) two yuan to send Anxi A Song at WeichengWang Wei Wang WeiMorning ra

50、in in Hong Kong morning rain has light dust, A settled the dust in Weicheng,Qingqingke new. Willows, are, green, again, in, tavern, dooryard.I drink a cup of wine, Wait till we empty one more cup-Out of th. West, of, Yang, Gate, there, ll, be, no, old, friends.BynnerBecause of the collective orienta

51、tion of Chinese culture, the Chinese always adhere to friendship. Meet to buy wine from the welcome, a cup of wine to reminisce, to set off light to cherish friendship farewell. Whether it is party and welcome wine or farewell wine,China since ancient times to practice a toast. A toast means respect

52、 for each other and is generally senior or social. They generally occur between friends or social status of subject and object, the expression of the drink on the other side of the sincerity or host to guest hospitality.Send two yuan to Anxi is to send someone to Xinjiang poet Wang Wei and Anxi, is

53、one of the first to send friends go to the frontier guard poem. For the cruelty of war, who visited the frontier fortress poet is quite understand, few people back to the ancient battle ah! The poet knows the brutality of war, as well as friends of the expedition to better understand the separation

54、of a close call, perhaps it means that farewell, therefore, advised you drink a cup of wine soaked a friendship of friends of the poet. In this particular language environment, the poem advise actually means toast, and vividly demonstrates the poets sincere affection and admiration for his friends.

55、Out of th not only shows the friends of strong feeling, but also about the friend of awe inspiring bravery to the world. The sun in Gansu in the southwest of Dunhuang County, in the south of Yumen Pass is named for. From the Han Dynasty, the sun is always an important pass leading to the western reg

56、ions of the mainland. In the Tang heart, the army or to pass, is a feat. In Chinese culture, West Pass to bring peoples cultural information is distant, heroes battle wide desert, its behavior is noble, capable of evoking praises and tears. This cultural image originates from the Chinese culture of

57、group orientation. The Chinese advocate that all things be family, social and national interests, and that personal interests may be neglected and sacrificed if necessary. In the cultural atmosphere, from the family, home, to the desolate desert, civilization backward for the court, is a shining exa

58、mple of national interests above personal interests, is the Chinese nation liufangqiangu story. I into a glass of wine,Out of th , not only the safety of the country, the cruelty of war, friendship, life erratic tightly together, and as a cultural image, people expressed respect for friends, to cherish friendship, of melancholy.In Bynner translation, wait (wait) instead of the original poem Persuasion, and Bynner will be the original third line drink