（四川专用）2014高考英语二轮复习 专题知识与增分策略 第二部分 阅读理解 考点8 推理判断之细节判断题

1、考点8推理判断之细节判断题真题解密Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use

2、every day is groundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground.The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺)Drier climates are of course more likel

3、y to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case，good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too.In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day！T

4、his shows how much we depend on water to live，but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.You can take steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher(洗碗机) only when it is full.Help your parents fix any

5、leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away. (2013安徽，B)60Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?AUsing river water.BThrowing batteries away.CPaving parking lots.DThrowing rubbish into lakes.答案C解析细

6、节理解题。由第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.”可推知。61What can be inferred from the text?AAll water shortages are due to human behavior.BIt takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.CThere is much we can do to reduce family siz

7、e.DThe average family in America makes proper use of water.答案B解析推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“This shows how much we depend on water to live，but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.”可推知。62The last paragraph is intended to_.Ashow us how to fix leaks at home Btell us how to run a dishwasher Cprove what drinki

8、ng glass is best for us Dsuggest what we do to save water at home 答案D解析段落大意题。由最后一段第一句可知。63The text is mainly about_.Awhy paving roads reduces our water Bhow much we depend on water to live Cwhy droughts occur more in dry climatesDhow human activity affects our water supply答案D解析主旨大意题。A、B、C三项只涉及到部分内容，

9、而D项则包括大部分内容。技巧归纳细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，设想)和conclude(推断，做出结论)。 趁热打铁When asked about happiness，we usually think of something extraordinary，an absolute de

10、light，which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids，happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的)In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly its conditional on such things as excitement，love and popularity.I can sti

11、ll recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joylove，marriage，birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults，happiness is complicated(复杂的)My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enj

12、oyment”The more we can enjoy what we have，the happier we are.Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends，the freedom to live where we please，and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunchbox and had

13、 the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing，which I love.When the kids and my husband came home，I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I dont think that my grandmother，

14、who raised 14 children，had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family，and maybe this is what satisfied her.We，however，with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area，have turned happiness into one more thing weve got to have.Were so selfconscious about our “rig

15、ht” to it that its making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success，without noticing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.Happiness isnt about what happens to usits about how we see what happens to us.Its the skillful way of finding a positive for ev

16、ery negative.Its not wishing for what we dont have，but enjoying what we do possess.(2013天津，D)51As people grow older，they_.Afeel it harder to experience happiness Bassociate their happiness less with others Cwill take fewer risks in pursuing happiness Dtend to believe responsibility means happiness答案

17、A解析细节理解题。根据第一段“.get rarer the older we get.”可知选A项。52What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?AShe cares little about her own health.BShe enjoys the freedom of traveling.CShe is easily pleased by things in daily life.DShe prefers getting pleasure from housework.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第五段和第六段可

18、知作者对一切都很欣赏，对日常生活很容易满足。53What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?APsychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.BPsychologists opinion is well proved by Grandmas case.CGrandma often found time for social gatherings.DGrandmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第七段作者的祖

19、母没有休闲时间和令人满意的工作，使她满意的是她有众多的朋友和家人，由此推断她的幸福来自对生活的适度期盼。故选D项。54People who equal happiness with wealth and success_.Aconsider pressure something blocking their way Bstress their right to happiness too muchCare at a loss to make correct choicesDare more likely to be happy答案B解析细节理解题。根据第八段第二、三句可知选B项。55What

20、can be concluded from the passage?AHappiness lies between the positive and the negative.BEach man is the master of his own fate.CSuccess leads to happiness.DHappy is he who is content.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文中人们对快乐的认识以及举例说明可判断选D项。活页练(二十七).单项填空1Peter was half an hour late for the first class yesterday._？He liv

21、es within 10 minutes walk!AHow come BWhat forCSo what DWhy not答案A解析考查情景交际。根据语境可知，Peter到学校走路只要十分钟可他昨天却迟到了半个小时。how come 意思是“怎么会呢”，表示难以置信，符合语境。2I would like to buy an expensive camera.Well.We have several models_.Ato choose from Bto chooseCto be chosen Dfor choosing答案A解析不定式短语作定语。choose from表示从所给的物品中挑选。

22、3When did you move to Qionghai?In 2009.But I _in Haikou for many years.Ahave worked Bwould workChave been working Dworked答案D解析句意为：你什么时候搬到琼海的？在2009年。但是我在海口工作了很多年。根据句意可知说话者说的是过去的事情，故用过去时，排除A、C两项；B项表示过去将来，也被排除。D项表示过去的动作，符合句意。4Ill never forget the most wonderful holiday _ we stayed in the country with m

23、y grandparents.Awhen BwhichCwhere Dthat答案A解析先行词为holiday，还原之后可看出when在定语从句中作时间状语。5Mum，you really need to have a rest！You _in the kitchen ever since you came back home three hours ago.Ahad worked Bwere workingChave been working Dworked答案C解析句意为：妈妈你真的需要休息了！从你三小时前回到家里，你就一直在厨房干活。强调从过去开始的某一动作一直延续至今并仍在进行时，用现

24、在完成进行时。6If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do.Ain which BwhatCwhen Dwhere答案D解析句意为：如果你在一个风俗习惯与你的风俗习惯完全不同的地方旅游，请入乡随俗。此处用where引导地点状语从句。7Im as busy as a bee；_ you bother me with so many questions now?Amay BmustCcan Dshall答案B解析考查情态动词。句意为：我忙得不可开交，为什么你

25、现在偏要拿这么多的问题来打扰我呢？must有时可以表示一种不受欢迎的巧合，指某事发生得不早不迟，就在某个当紧的时候，通常含有不快、不满、心烦、恼火等感情色彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”。8A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.Aif BwhenCthat Dwhich答案C解析考查同位语从句。that引导的从句是对a warm thought的解释说明。句意为：我突然产生了一个温情的想法，在母亲生日那天我可以用零用钱给她买

26、花。9Not until we have had a chance to discuss it thoroughly _ perfectly.Athe problem has been settledBhas the problem been settledCwill the problem be settledDthe problem was settled答案C解析句意为：直到我们有机会充分讨论这个问题，它才能被圆满解决。not until置于句首，主句用部分倒装，助动词置于主语前；由until引导的时间状语从句用的是现在完成时(表即将完成的动作)可知，主句用一般将来时。10_tomorr

27、ows lessons，I have no time to play with you.ANot preparing BNot preparedCNot having prepared DHaving not prepared答案C解析考查分词作状语的用法。句意为：我没有准备好明天的功课，没有时间和你玩。用现在分词表主动动作，其完成式强调“没有准备”这一动作发生在“玩”这一动作之前。非谓语动词的否定式是在其前加not。.完形填空I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it，when I was 13.My

28、parents took us there for camping.On the way out，I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitan，a_1_rock of 3,300 feet straight up.I touched that giant rock and knew_2_I wanted to climb it.That has been my lifes passion(钟爱) ever since_3_the rocks and mountains of Yosemite.Ive long made Yosemite m

29、y_4_.About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of_5_，like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes，around the area.Its_6_me why visitors started respecting the place_7_and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way.I tried_8_trash(垃圾) myself，but the job was too big.I would_9_an hour or two on th

30、e job，only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally，I got so_10_it that I decided something had to change.As a rockclimbing guide，I knew_11_about organizing any big event.But in 2004，together with some climbers，I set a date for a_12_.On that day，more than 300 people_13_.Over three

31、 days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.It was amazing how much we were able to_14_.I couldnt believe the _15_we madethe park looked clean!Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere.In 2007 alone,2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and _16_132 miles of roadway.I often

32、 hear people_17_about their surroundings.If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by_18_rather than complaining.We need to teach by_19_.You cant blame others_20_you start with yourself.(2012天津)1A.distant BhugeCnarrow Dloose答案B解析根据下文“3,300 feet straight up”和“I touched that

33、giant rock.”，可以判断出El Capitan是一块“巨大的(huge)”岩石。distant遥远的；huge巨大的；narrow狭窄的；loose松散的。所以B项符合题意。2A.immediately BfinallyCgradually Drecently答案A解析根据下文“That has been my lifes passion(钟爱) ever since.”，可以判断出作者非常钟爱这块岩石，因此“一触摸到那块岩石的时候，立即就有了想要爬的冲动”。immediately立即；finally最后；gradually逐渐地；recently最近。所以A项符合题意。3A.ima

34、gining Bpainting Cdescribing Dclimbing答案D解析根据上文语境尤其是上一空后的关键信息词“climb”可以判断出作者最钟爱的事情是“爬”这个国家公园里的众多山峰。imagine想象；paint绘画；describe描绘；climb(攀)爬。所以D项符合题意。4A.garden BhomeClab Dpalace答案B解析根据上文中能够体现作者感情的关键信息词“fell in love with”，“lifes passion”等以及下文中的“homelike”可以判断出作者对这个国家公园的钟爱之情已经达到了视其为“(自己的)家园”的程度。garden花园；h

35、ome家园；lab实验室；palace宫殿。所以B项符合题意。5A.material Bresources Cwaste Dgoods答案C解析根据下文like后所列举的物品以及下面一段第一空后的trash可以推断出作者目睹的是“很多的垃圾/废弃物”。material材料；resource资源；waste废弃物；goods货物。所以C项符合题意。6A.beyond BagainstCover Dwithin答案A解析根据下文“why.”从句的内容和表达的语气，可以判断出作者对人们不爱护这个公园的环境反而对其任意破坏的行为感到非常不理解。beyond sb.为固定结构，常用来表示“某人不理解”。

36、所以A项符合题意。其余选项均无此用法。7A.more BmostCless Dleast答案C解析根据上文描述的乱扔各种垃圾的现象以及此空后的“and treated such a beautiful homelike place this way”，可以判断出人们对这个公园“尊重/爱护得越来越少了”。more更多；most最多；less更少；least最少。所以C项符合题意。8A.throwing away Bpicking upCbreaking down Ddigging out答案B解析根据下文描述的“几周后我发现这片区域又被人们扔满了垃圾”，以及下文中的“picked up”及“tr

37、ash”等关键信息词可以判断出作者开始亲自“捡”垃圾。throw away扔掉；pick up捡起；break down分解；出故障；dig out挖掘出。所以B项符合题意。9A.kill BsaveCwait Dspend答案D解析根据本句语境“在这个工作上一到两个小时”和关键信息词“on”可知此处考查固定结构spend some time on.表示“在上花费(时间)”。kill杀死，消磨；save挽救，节省；wait等待；spend花费。所以D项符合题意。10A.satisfied with Bdelighted inCtired of Dused to答案C解析根据上文描述的“几周之后

38、发现又被人们扔满了垃圾”，可以判断出作者对此已经“心生厌倦”，故而决定“要改变一下方式”了。(get) satisfied with对满意；(get) delighted in对高兴；(get) tired of对厌倦；(get) used to习惯于。所以C项符合题意。11A.something Banything Ceverything Dnothing答案D解析根据前文描述的原因“身为一个登山的向导”，以及后文“But in 2004.”中的关键信息词“But”表示转折语意可以判断出作者“对如何组织大型的活动毫无经验、一无所知”。something某些；anything任何东西；ever

39、ything一切事物；nothing没有任何东西。所以D项符合题意。12A.cleanup BpartyCpicnic Dconcert答案A解析根据下一段描述的“每年来自各地的志愿者都来参加清扫活动”，尤其是关键信息词“cleanup”可以判断出此处是指作者联合其他的登山者定好了一个固定的“清扫活动”的日期。cleanup清扫活动；party聚会；picnic野餐；concert音乐会。所以A项符合题意。13A.dropped out Bshowed upClooked around Dcalled back答案B解析根据前后语境尤其是下一段所描述的众多志愿者加入此项清扫活动后的效果，可以推

40、断出此处强调的是超过300人“到来/露面”。drop out脱离，辍学；show up出现，露面；look around环顾四周；call back喊回，叫回。所以B项符合题意。14A.demand BreceiveCaccomplish Dovercome答案C解析根据上文描述的清扫活动的效果“we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash”，可以判断出“我们所完成的任务令我们自己都感到惊讶”。demand要求；receive收到；accomplish完成；overcome克服。所以C项符合题意。15A.plan BvisitCcontact Ddiffer

41、ence答案D解析上文描述了作者和众多志愿者参加清扫活动所取得的成绩，之前很多人乱扔垃圾导致很脏乱与现在清扫之后的清洁干净形成鲜明对比，据此可以判断出作者对“产生的变化/影响”深感惊讶和欣慰。故用make a/the difference构成固定结构表达此意。plan计划；visit游览；contact联系；difference变化，差别。所以D项符合题意。16A.crossed BmeasuredCcovered Ddesigned答案C解析根据前半句“In 2007 alone.”，以及生活常识可以判断出在2007年一年的时间里，作者和2 945名志愿者共行程132英里，捡了42 330磅

42、垃圾。cross横穿过；measure测量；cover行走(路程)；design设计。所以C项符合题意。17A.talk BcomplainCagrue Dquarrel答案B解析根据下一句中的“rather than complaining”，可以判断出此处强调作者经常听到有人只是一味地“抱怨”周围环境糟糕。talk谈话；complain抱怨；argue争论；quarrel争吵。所以B项符合题意。18A.doing BthinkingCquestioning Dwatching答案A解析根据上文所描述的作者所做的事情以及文章最后一句中的“you start with yourself”，可以

43、判断出作者赞成的做法是“从自身做起而不是一味地抱怨”。do做；think思考；question质问；watch注视。所以A项符合题意。19A.method BexplanationCexample Dresearch答案C解析根据上下文所描述的作者赞成“拿出行动而不要一味地抱怨”这一态度，可以推断出作者推崇的方法是teach by example“以身作则/亲身示范”。method方法；explanation解释；example例子，榜样；research调查。所以C项符合题意。20A.although BifCwhen Dunless答案D解析根据本段所描述的作者赞成的做法和态度，可以判断出

44、作者最终要强调的是“不要去责备别人除非是先从(责备)你自己开始”，即：从自我行动开始改变是最重要的，而不是只把注意力集中在别人的错误上。although尽管；if如果；when当时候；unless除非。所以D项符合题意。.阅读理解The dark chocolate is one of the favourite food choices by many.The taste is simply irresistible，the smell is tempting and the feel of every bite is surely what you are craving for.Asid

45、e from the taste，you simply cannot resist it because it has a lot of benefits when it comes to your health.Our health is our priority(首要事情) when it comes to the choice of our foods.If you worry that the chocolate is bad for your health then here is a list of the effects of dark chocolate to health e

46、specially when taken with the right amount every day.First of all，it contains a component called flavonoid(类黄酮) which acts as an antioxidant(抗氧化剂)The_antioxidants_fight_the_common_signs_of_aging.The antioxidants are also good for the heart.Studies have shown that people who ate foods rich in antioxi

47、dants have low incidence of heart diseases.Aside from the antiaging and healthy heart benefits，the dark chocolate can also lower blood pressure and reduce bad cholesterol(胆固醇) to as high as 10%.Lowering of blood pressure in patients of high blood level is good because it will lower the risks of stro

48、ke and certain health crisis.Low levels of blood cholesterol are also good for the heart and take away the risk of blood vessels which may harden for too much cholesterol in them.Lastly，do you know the feeling of being overjoyed after jogging？This feeling is like extreme happiness.Dark chocolates wi

49、ll give you the feeling of pleasure and happiness.If you are feeling that the world has turned against you，then a chocolate can be a mood lifter.It is an antidepressant.Usually when we feel so bad，we would crave to eat more food.If you are looking for something to eat during your bad moments try to

50、take a bite from a dark chocolate and feel good somehow after it.These are commonly the effects of chocolates to health.It can benefit you especially if taken in moderate amounts.Approximately,100 grams of chocolate or less a day is already enough according to studies.If you have taken too much，try

51、to lessen on your other meals for the day.It is all about nutrition and taking the right amount of food in order to get the health benefits that it can provide to you.1According to the text，_.Amany people like the dark chocolate for its tasteBthe dark chocolate is the best choice for most peopleCnob

52、ody could resist the tempting smell of the dark chocolateDonly a bite of the dark chocolate will make you addicted to it答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段可知，由于黑巧克力的美味，很多人把它作为最喜爱的食品之一。2What do we consider most important when choosing our foods?AOur taste. BOur health.CThe variety of foods. DThe source of foods.答案B解析细节

53、理解题。根据第二段第二句“Our health is our priority(首要事情) when it comes to the choice of our foods.”可知，我们在选择食物时，把我们的健康看作最重要的事情。3The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggests that dark chocolates _.Aare the best choices for the agedBare usually used as an antioxidantCcan keep you stay young foreverDcan make yo

54、u look younger than your real age答案D解析句意理解题。该句的意思是：抗氧化剂有利于延缓衰老。所以吃黑巧克力能使人看起来比实际年龄年轻。4What can we learn from Paragraph 5?AIf you are depressed dark chocolates will make you delighted.BIf you are feeling bad you will crave to eat dark chocolates.CIf you eat some dark chocolates you will get overjoyed.

55、DIf you are hungry the best food is dark chocolates.答案A解析段落大意题。本段说明黑巧克力也是一种抗抑郁剂，能给人带来快乐。沮丧时吃些黑巧克力会感觉好很多。.短文改错There are many different signs in the public.They tell you what to do or what not to do in a place.Do you know what they exact mean？For example，if you go to see a film，you should enter the cinema at the ENTRANCE and leave for the EXIT.You will either find NO SMOKING signs in many cinemas.If you visit a museum，dont take some photos inside the halls.You are not allowed.You will find NO PHOTOS signs in many museum.When you drive a car，dont p