[论文精品]开题报告 年产13.8万吨乙烯装置分离工段乙烯精馏工序工艺设计

1本科毕业设计开题报告题目年产138万吨乙烯装置分离工段乙烯精馏工序工艺设计院系化学工程学院专业化学工程与工艺班级化工0703班学生姓名指导教师论文提交日期年月日论文答辩日期年月日A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7A9A82目录引言1第一章文献综述211乙烯在国内外的生产状况2111国外状况2112国内状况4第二章主要研究内容621乙烯原料的来源6211天然气6212炼厂气622乙烯的生产工艺623乙烯的分离技术724乙烯的生产方法及工艺725工艺流程726乙烯精馏塔的工艺计算8261物料衡算8262热量衡算8263乙烯精馏塔的塔型与塔板的选择及塔计算8实验进度安排9参考文献10A1A0A2A3A4A5A6A7A11A101引言乙烯是石油化工最基础原料，是生产各种重要的有机化工产品的基础。由于乙烯装置是石油化工生产的有机原料的基础，是石油化学工业的龙头，所以它的生产规模，产量和技术标志着一个国家的石油化学工业的发展水平。随着世界经济的发展，低级烯烃的需求呈逐年增加的的趋势。面对新的形势，乙烯生产企业应该依靠技术创新，努力提高装置技术水平，以增强产品的竞争力。今年来，世界乙烯装置规模大型化趋势愈加明显。2010年5月，全球最大的乙烷裂解装置在卡塔尔建成，该装置的设计乙烯产能为130万吨/年。随着裂解炉生产能力的提高，不但单位乙烯生产能力的投资下降，G13792G1000G6817G1328成G7424和G13512G1474成G7424G1075G11468应G1955G4581，G1186G13792降低G1114单位乙烯的生产成G7424。G6117国乙烯装置G7234G17953规模G17751G4579，G1866平G3355能G13803G451G10301G13803G1075G11468应G17751高。对装置规模G4579G451G13582G1059G5078G3342竞争力的G4579型乙烯装置，G999家建G16770G2499G1523G18504大型乙烯装置G6925G17908的经G20576，G17839G15904G6205能G6925G17908，形成G1025型乙烯装置以有G6940G3332提高G10628有装置竞争力。G2528G7114由于G6117国原油G1025G17743G17148油G2559量G7234G17953G1571低，G11464G20323石G14053油和G17743G7624油一G14336G2494G2356原油的30G8G5050G2503，G3252G8504，在G6117国发展重G17148油裂解技术G11752G12362G1867有G7509G1866重大的G10628G4466G5859G1053。随着G1025国乙烯工业的发展，G1391需平G15925G1863G13007G4570逐G8505G5483G2052G6925G2904，G5078G3342竞争G2029G7368加G9620G9884。面对以G5078G3342国G19481化G451资G9316国G19481化G451技术G994G1166G6177国G19481化G451资G7424国G19481化为G1039要G10317G5461的经济全球化大趋势，G5078G3342G2356有G10587G1039要G2474G1927于产品品种G451G17148量和成G7424。G3252G8504，G8611个乙烯G2390应有各G14270的G10317G14406，形成G14270G17535的强势，G3926G7536G2494是G12628单G3332重G3809建设，产品G13479G7512G19659G2528，G2029G19602以形成竞争G1260势。G1025国乙烯G4396在G5052大的G5078G3342G13582G2487和G9052G17165增G19283G12366G19400，国产乙烯的G5078G3342G2356有G10587一G11464G17751低。为G13543解国G1881乙烯G1391应G13051G5364，G9397G17287国G1881经济发展需求，G15441G9994G1025国石油G451G1025国石化和G1025G9035油加G5567G4466G7057乙烯G6205能计G2022，但G20056计G20522010年G1025国乙烯G5415量G9052G17165G1391需G13582G2487G4570达1119万吨。G1186整体情况看，G1025国乙烯工业还有G17751大的发展G12366G19400。A12A13A14A15A16A17A18A19A20A21A22A232第一章文献综述11乙烯在国内外的生产状况111国外状况半个世纪以来，石油化学工业一G11464以高于国民经济生产总值的增G19283速度发展，许多国家还把它列为国家工业发展的重点。1960年世界乙烯产量为2910KT，1970年为19760KT，1980年达G205234020KT1990年达G205256300KT。20世纪80年代末G45190年代初，由于全球经济G3809苏，G10317别是亚洲发展G1025国家的经济迅速发展，对石化产品的需求大大增加，刺G9620G1114各国石油化工装置的增建和G6205建。G11861990年以来，一批新建和G6205建的乙烯装置陆续投产，世界乙烯生产能力和产量G3355有G17751大的增G19283，G20521992年世界乙烯生产能力已超过70000KT，1997年接近87000KT，产量达G205278500KT。2006年，世界乙烯生产能力已达G2052126000KT。近年来全球乙烯需求量和生产能力见表11。A24A25A26A25A27A28A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38KT年份乙烯需求量乙烯生产能力年份乙烯需求量乙烯生产能力199778000870002002950001080001998820009000020031000001110001999870009500020041050001120002000900009800020051070001200002001900001020002006115000126000由表11G2499见G11862003年起乙烯需求稳G8505上涨G2528G7114，G142702003年以来世界乙烯产能G13543慢，导致世界G1391应乙烯G13051G5364，乙烯装置的开工G10587不断提高，2006年世界乙烯装置平G3355开工G10587达92G8。G142702006年起，世界乙烯产能又开始新一轮G6205G5364。G20056计20062011年世界乙烯产能G4570增加39430KT/A，年G3355增速为59G8；G2528期乙烯需求年G3355增速为47G8。G20522011年世界乙烯产能G4570达158950KT/A（见表L2）。G1866G1025，G1025东产能G4570增G19283A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A42A47A48A49317510KT/A，G2356世界乙烯产能总增量的444G8，年G3355增幅高达198G8；亚洲产能G4570增G1928317920KT/AG2356455G8，年G3355增幅为87G8；G13792美洲和欧洲乙烯能力增G19283幅度G2029G11468对有限。A50A51A52A53A53A54A54A55A56A53A54A51A51A57A58A59A60A61A62A63A64A65A66A67A68A69A70A71A72A73A74A75A76A77A77A78A79A76A77A77A80A79A76A77A77A81A79A76A77A78A78A79A77A80A82A78A78A79A83A84A85A86A87A88A88A80A80A77A88A89A90A77A77A88A89A91A78A77A88A92A78A77A77A76A77A77A93A87A76A80A90A76A77A88A89A92A78A77A88A91A78A89A77A92A76A89A88A77A78A81A90A76A77A94A95A76A76A92A78A77A76A88A90A91A77A76A89A88A91A77A76A92A78A91A77A78A76A77A77A96A97A91A92A81A77A78A78A90A89A77A78A89A92A89A77A76A90A89A92A77A78A81A92A78A77A96A97A95A80A88A77A77A80A90A80A77A81A77A78A77A91A77A76A77A78A77A80A77A98A99A86A87A89A88A76A77A89A90A90A77A89A90A90A77A92A91A80A77A91A81A77A100A87A78A92A76A77A78A80A91A77A101A76A88A76A77A80A89A77A102A103A87A92A76A77A92A80A77A101A92A90A77A88A77A104A105A106A107A78A77A89A88A76A77A78A78A90A92A76A77A78A76A88A91A90A77A78A92A91A90A92A77A88A90A89A88A77石油化工受世界经济全球化影响，各G3332区生产能力比例变化明显，美国G451西欧G451日G7424支配世界石化工业的格局已不G3809G4396在。G1186最近几年的总体情况看，欧洲和北美的乙烯产能所G2356比重有所下降，G13792亚洲G451G1025东及拉丁美洲所G2356比重逐G8505上升。世界乙烯生产已形成北美G451西欧G451亚太三G17287鼎立的局面，发展重点向亚太和G1025东G3332区转移。2001年北美G451亚洲和西欧G2356世界产能的比重分别为323G8G451258G8和216G8，2006年G2029分别为292G8G451289G8和201G8；G1025东G1328为世界第四大乙烯产区，G2356世界产能的比重G11862001年的82G8增G19283G20522006年的10G8。目前，美国是世界最大的乙烯生产国，2006年乙烯生产能力为28773KT/A，G2356世界的234G8。G1025国2006年的乙烯生产能力为9840KT/A，已跃居世界第二位，排名仅次于美国，G2356世界总产能的82G8。2006年世界十大乙烯生产国的产能总计80316KT/A，G2356世界的675G8。2006年世界十大乙烯生产商的产能总计为55056KT/A，G2356世界总产能的461G8。陶氏化学G451埃克森美孚和沙G10317基础工业公司分别位居前三位。G1025国石化集团公司以5495KT/A的乙烯产能居世界第五位。A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A42A47A48A494112国内状况截G142792007年G5225，G6117国大陆G1861G6329有19家乙烯生产企业，22G3883乙烯装置，乙烯生产能力接近LG50G50G50G50KT/A，达G20529885KT/A；全国乙烯产量G20330次G12373G11784G1114G2327万吨大G1863，G13434为10280KT，已超G17246日G7424，仅次于美国，稳居世界第二。平G3355单G3883乙烯装置能力G1075达G2052454KT/A，已有G6980G3883乙烯装置单G3883能力达G2052世界级规模，G3926G1025国石化G14550名石化公司G451上G9035G17199G12197G451上G9035石化公司G451G21796G21077石化公司G451G10153G4677石化公司G451G6208G4388石化公司和G6208G4388G5064G7043G3839乙烯单G3883装置规模分别为LG50G50G50KT/AG451900KT/AG451845KT/AG451800KT/AG451710KT/AG451650KT/A和600KT/A，G1025国石油G2525G7531石化公司G451G1860G5042石化公司G451大G5210石化公司乙烯单G3883装置规模分别为700KT/AG451700KT/AG451600KT/A。G1866G1025，G1025国石化G6329有11家乙烯生产企业（G2559G17199G12197G451G6208G5064），G186112G3883乙烯装置，总的乙烯生产能力为6295KT/A（G5415年G8821有新增产能），G2356全国乙烯生产能力9985KT/A（全国乙烯G15904业G2339G1262G13491计G6980G6466）的63G8。G1025国石油G6329有6家乙烯生产企业，G18618G3883乙烯装置，总的乙烯生产能力为2710KT/A（2007年G17809G19463石化G4448成G6205能G6925G17908，G1363G1866年产能G1186120KT/A增加G2052200KT/A），G2356全国乙烯生产能力9985KT/A的27G8。G1025G9035G3783G10272乙烯G1075于2006年1月建成投产，能力为800KT/A，原G4658于G3332G7053的G11436G19194乙烯G10628已G4658于G1865G3132工业总公司。2003年G142792008年G6117国各乙烯企业的乙烯产量见表13。G6117国仅G110044年G7114G19400G4613G1363乙烯产量G11862003年的6118KTG10479增G142792007年G11784G2327万吨大G1863，为10278KT。2003。2007年4年G19400，G6117国乙烯产量的年G3355增G19283G10587达G2052138G8。A108A109A110A111A112A113A113A111A114A115A112A113A113A116A114A117A118A119A120A121A122A123A124A114A125A120A121A126A127A118A128A129A130A131A132A133A134A135A135A136A137A134A135A135A138A137A134A135A135A139A137A134A135A135A140A137A134A135A135A141A137A134A135A135A142A137A143A144A145A146A147A148A138A149A138A138A150A138A151A138A138A134A139A138A150A142A139A139A139A138A151A150A138A136A134A134A140A136A136A135A150A151A140A134A140A140A151A136A150A151A139A138A140A136A139A151A150A136A139A138A152A153A145A146A141A134A134A150A134A149A141A142A135A149A150A134A141A151A142A149A149A150A142A134A134A142A134A135A150A135A149A138A141A138A142A150A139A149A151A141A142A136A150A151A140A138A154A155A145A146A139A140A136A150A134A149A142A138A139A140A150A138A151A134A142A134A139A150A149A142A149A142A136A142A150A142A142A138A140A150A142A149A135A142A135A135A150A136A141A142A156A157A145A146A141A140A139A150A134A142A139A142A149A134A150A139A138A138A141A141A139A150A142A149A151A141A139A139A150A135A138A138A142A135A149A150A149A149A142A141A138A136A150A140A135A142A158A159A145A146A151A138A142A150A136A149A149A151A139A139A150A151A140A140A151A140A134A150A136A140A141A151A140A135A150A134A151A141A142A140A151A150A138A138A149A142A142A139A150A140A138A151A158A159A134A160A142A135A149A150A134A139A151A141A142A141A150A151A134A142A142A149A149A150A136A136A151A141A151A134A150A134A136A151A151A149A149A150A135A138A141A141A140A139A150A151A136A138A158A159A149A160A149A138A141A150A135A139A134A149A140A142A150A135A136A142A149A139A149A150A135A134A142A149A140A142A150A135A139A142A149A139A142A150A136A151A138A149A149A151A150A141A149A139A161A162A145A146A134A136A135A150A135A135A151A134A134A141A150A142A139A134A134A135A141A150A135A139A149A150A134A136A149A150A140A142A142A134A134A139A150A139A138A138A149A141A135A150A149A139A163A132A145A146A136A151A135A150A135A149A142A136A151A136A150A140A139A140A136A138A142A150A149A134A136A139A134A134A150A149A149A139A151A140A134A150A139A139A151A151A139A138A150A142A149A140A143A164A145A146A149A151A135A150A135A134A141A134A135A151A150A149A151A151A149A151A149A150A139A141A136A134A149A138A150A138A140A140A134A149A149A150A138A139A149A141A138A150A141A140A141A165A166A145A146A149A141A135A150A149A135A142A134A149A141A150A134A140A142A134A149A136A150A140A134A140A149A151A139A150A141A149A134A134A149A135A150A140A141A141A134A149A151A150A141A141A139A167A168A169A170A171A172A173A174A175A176A177A1785A179A180A181A182A183A184A185A186A187A188A183A183A189A188A186A185A190A190A183A191A191A186A185A183A183A184A189A186A192A183A184A183A184A188A186A188A185A183A191A188A186A183A185A184A193A194A195A196A184A197A188A190A191A191A186A190A185A184A183A188A188A192A186A190A197A190A187A197A186A184A197A191A198A199A200A201A185A188A189A186A188A185A184A197A185A184A186A188A183A184A185A185A185A186A185A185A189A185A183A184A186A184A190A189A185A187A184A186A184A187A184A185A189A183A186A185A187A191A202A203A204A201A184A189A183A186A191A185A183A191A188A183A186A197A184A202A201A183A205A183A191A185A186A187A192A197A192A187A189A186A184A185A183A192A197A185A186A191A183A184A192A197A188A186A188A185A184A192A187A197A186A192A197A189A192A192A187A186A187A191A192A202A201A192A205A197A197A191A186A185A188A187A197A191A189A186A188A189A189A206A201A201A200A183A197A185A186A192A197A184A183A197A183A186A191A185A190A183A197A184A186A192A183A184A183A187A192A186A197A192A191A191A197A186A192A185A192A183A191A187A186A189A197A189A207A208A209A210A192A188A188A187A211A192A188A188A197A211A192A188A188A185A211A192A188A188A184A211A192A188A188A191A211A192A188A188A189A211A212A213A204A201A183A191A189A186A185A188A184A183A191A185A186A188A192A184A183A184A191A186A184A189A189A183A191A190A186A184A184A192A183A191A191A186A188A188A184A183A184A185A186A191A190A183A214A215A216A192A187A185A186A190A192A183A192A185A187A186A191A183A183A192A184A183A186A197A183A189A192A197A191A186A192A192A183A192A187A190A186A192A192A190A192A185A189A186A184A188A187A217A218A204A201A185A191A185A186A183A190A190A185A189A188A186A189A183A191A185A183A188A186A189A188A190A191A185A183A186A189A188A190A189A191A187A186A183A188A192A191A190A197A186A183A188A191A217A201A183A219A183A185A188A186A187A190A183A185A192A186A184A190A185A183A197A187A186A191A187A191A183A197A192A186A184A197A187A183A187A197A186A187A197A185A183A188A190A186A185A187A183A217A201A192A219A197A192A197A186A189A188A190A197A192A189A186A183A192A192A187A184A191A186A188A191A192A184A188A190A186A183A184A184A191A187A189A186A191A185A191A184A189A197A186A185A191A184A220A221A183A185A185A186A197A188A197A183A184A185A186A185A187A192A183A185A191A186A197A192A185A183A189A186A185A184A183A191A183A186A189A192A190A183A192A192A186A185A184A191A222A223A224A208A225A226A184A183A183A189A186A183A185A184A192A184A184A186A187A184A191A191A185A187A190A186A183A185A192A189A185A191A190A186A187A190A185A190A197A197A191A186A191A185A190A190A183A185A191A186A192A184A191A227A194A228A229A184A197A185A189A187A188A186A191A189A197A183A225A226A190A192A192A197A186A187A190A185A183A188A192A191A189A186A197A185A190A190A190A190A189A186A192A184A191G7422来几年，G1025国G4570G17839G1849新一轮乙烯建设高G4804，新G11098G10432G4677G4388石化公司LG50G50G50KT/A乙烯装置G451G6254G20046石化公司800KT/A乙烯装置G451G12131建G9872化800KT/A乙烯装置G451G3837G8953石化LG50G50G50KT/A乙烯装置G451G19227G9035石化LG50G50G50KT/A乙烯装置G451四G5041G5441G5042800KT/A乙烯装置G451G8506G8733800KT/A乙烯装置G451G2338G19194化工公司450KT/A乙烯装置G12573G20045目G4570G11468G13499投产。G19512G8504以G3818，有G1135石化企业G8503在G18225G18259新建乙烯装置，G10628有乙烯装置G1075在G12586G2022新一轮乙烯G6205能。G3926G7536G17837G1135G20045目在2015年前全G18108建成，G4638G7114G1025国乙烯能力G4570超过20000KT/A。A230A231A232A175A233A234A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A2426第二章主要研究内容21乙烯原料的来源裂解原料的来G9316G1039要有G1016个G7053面，一是G3837G9994G8680加工G2390的G17743烃，G3926乙烷G451G1005烷G451丁烷G451G3837G9994G8785油G12573；二是G9872油G2390的加工产G7242，G3926G9872G2390G8680G451G8785油G451G10040油G451G7624油G451重油G451G9207油G12573，以及G9872油G2390二次加工油，G3926G9978化加G8694油G451加G8694裂化油G12573。211天然气G15176G15267在G3332G4630G1881的G2499G10135G1699G8680体G12228为G3837G9994G8680，它的G13464成G1039要是G11014烷，还G2559有乙烷G451G1005烷G12573低G11468对分G4388G17148量烷烃，和G4581量G492G451G432G451G542G12573G19762烃G12879G17722成分。G3837G9994G8680分G5190G8680和G9299G8680G1016种，G5190G8680的G1039要成分是G11014烷，G2559G11014烷在90G8以上。G9299G8680G255990G8以下的G11014烷，G1866G1325成分是乙烷G451G1005烷和丁烷G12573烷烃，G1055所以G12228为G9299G3837G9994G8680，是G3252为G382G794G385G17837G18108分G2499以经G2399G13565G1931G2376G5483G2052G9094G5589的G1969G13565G8785油。212炼厂气G9872G2390G8680是G9872G2390在石油加工过G12255G1025所G5483G2052的G8680体的总G12228，G1039要G2265G6336G1664化裂化G8680G451加G8694裂化G8680G451G9978化G8680G451重整G8680。G17837G1135G8680体经G8785油G2572G6922G2530G2499G5483G5190G8680G451G8680G5589烃G451G9094G5589烃，G8680G5589烃G1039要G2559有G8694G451G11014烷G451G11911二G12573G19602G1969G8680体，G9094G5589烃G1039要是G11911三G451G11911四G20323分。G7424设计G18331G11004的乙烯原料G1039要有石G14053油G451G6312头油G451G38LG451G384G12573。22乙烯的生产工艺1G15000热炉裂解2流动床裂解3流动床G18108分氧化裂解4高温水蒸G8785裂解5管式炉裂解6加G8694热裂解7G1664化裂解法A243A244A245A246A247A248A249A250A251A252A253A254A255A16723乙烯的分离技术1G20046序分离技术2前脱G1005烷前加G8694技术3前脱乙烷前加G8694技术4渐G17839分离技术5低投资分离技术6油G2572分离技术24乙烯的生产方法及工艺由石油分离生产乙烯是由石油化工裂解G13792成。在G17837个过G12255G1025，G8680G5589或G17743G9094G5589烃是加热G2052750950，诱G1363许多G14270由基反应，G9994G2530立即淬火冻G13479的反应。G17837个过G12255G1025，把大型G11911G8694化合G10301转换G2052G17751G4579型的G11911G8694化合G10301，并反应出不饱和烃。由G10040合成G7053法G10040合成烯烃（MTG50）G10040基制烯烃技术，它是G381化工新工艺，是指以G10040G8680化的合成G8680合成的G11014醇为原料，G1523助G12879似G1664化裂化装置的流化床反应形式，生产低G11911烯烃的化工技术。G7424设以G6254G20046乙烯化工有限责任公司为蓝G7424，G1039要工艺过G12255为裂解，分离（1脱硫2乙炔加G86943G11014基乙炔及G1005二烯的脱G195124一氧化G11911