英语毕业论文-论中西饮食文化差异

ONDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTURESABSTRACTDIETISABSOLUTELYNECESSARYINTHELIFEOFMANKIND,ANDEVENINTHEEXISTENCEORDEVELOPMENTBECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNCULTURALTRADITIONS,THECHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTURESAREDIFFERENTINCONCEPT,TARGET,PATTERN,ATTRIBUTIONANDNATUREWESTUDYTHESEDIFFERENCESANDTHENFINDOUTTHEPOINTSTHATCANBEDIGESTED,INORDERTOFACILITATETHECOMMUNICATIONABOUTCULTURESBETWEENCHINAANDTHEWESTTAIWANPROFESSORZHANGQIJUNSAID,“THEOLDSAYING,EAT,DRINK,MAN,WOMANWHOWISHESGREATLYFORSUCHASTANDARDFAIR,WESTERNCULTUREINPARTICULAR,MODERNAMERICANCULTURECANBESAIDTOBEMALEANDFEMALECULTUREBUTTHECHINESECULTURECANBESAIDTOBEADIETARYCULTURE“ASTHEREASONOFTHECULTURALTRADITIONS,THEWESTERNLIVESTENDTOMENANDWOMEN,BUTBECAUSEOFTHENARROWGENDERRELATIONS,CHINESEPEOPLEAREDUMPINGGUIDANCEONLIFEINTHERESTAURANTSTHUSTHEDIETISRICHINCULTUREFOODCULTUREINTHEWESTISNOTDEVELOPEDENOUGH,BUTTHISUNDERDEVELOPMENTITSELFISTHERESULTOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFACULTURE,SOITISSTILLSIGNIFICANTTOSTUDYTHEDIETARYCULTURESOFCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETBYTHEANALYSISOFTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTURES,WECANCOMPREHENDTHERESPECTIVECULTURALTRADITIONSOFCHINAANDTHEWESTANDWECANALSOIMPROVEANDCREATETHECULTUREOFCHINAKEYWORDSDIETARYCULTURECULTURALTRADITIONDIFFERENCES摘要饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说饮食男女人之大欲存焉。就这样的标准而论，西方文化（特别是近代美国式的文化）可说是男女文化，而中国可说是一种饮食文化。”由于文化传统的缘故，西方人的人生倾向男女关系，而中国人由于对男女关系的褊狭，把人生精力倾泄导向于饮食。由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。关键词饮食文化文化传统差异INTRODUCTIONONCETHEREISASAYINGTHAT“FOODISEATINGWELLDESERVEDFORHUMANLIFE”,SOFOODISANINDISPENSABLECONDITIONFORTHESURVIVALANDDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANBEINGSTHEREARETWODESIRESINLIFEONEISFEASTINGTHEMTOSURVIVEANDANOTHERISTHELUSTOFMENANDWOMEN,WHICHCANHELPTHEMANKINDTOCARRYONTHEFAMILYLINEFACINGTHETWODESIRES,CHINAPAYSMOREATTENTIONTOTHEFORMER,WHILETHEWESTTENDSTOTHELATTERSUCHPHENOMENONAFFECTSTHECULTURALTRENDDIETISACTUALLYTHECONTENTSOFOURDAILYLIVES,BUTWHYWECALLITCULTURETHATISBECAUSETHEDIETHASSPECIALSTATUSINTHECHINESECULTURE,ANDITALSOHASAGREATDISTINCTIONBETWEENCHINAANDTHEWESTASONEOFTHEWORLDANCIENTNATIONS,CHINASDIETHASAHISTORYALMOSTASLONGASTHATOFCHINESECIVILIZATIONBUTINWESTERNCOUNTRIES,ANCIENTTHINKERSDEVOTEDLESSATTENTIONTOTHEFOODPROBLEMTHANTHECHINESEPHILOSOPHERSDID,ANDTHEREISEVENNOTAWAREOFITTOTHE“HEAVEN“DEGREEWITHTHEOPPOSITE,THEYRECOGNIZEDANDINTERPRETEDTHEWORLDINTHEPERSPECTIVEOFTHELUSTORLOVEOFMENANDWOMENMOREWHETHERTHEAWARENESSOFORIGINALSINOFCHRISTIANITY,ADAMANDEVELEGEND,ORANCIENTGREEKPHILOSOPHYSUCHASPLATOSDIALOGUEWHOCONSIDEREDTHEPERSONALRELATIONSHIPS“LOVE”ASTHELOVEOFONTOLOGYOFBEAUTY,ANDREGARDEDITASAREALITYTHINKINGOFPHILOSOPHY,ALLTHESEIDEASBECOMETHEBASISOFWESTERNPHILOSOPHERSCULTURALTHOUGHTSALLTHESEHADPOTENTIALEFFECTSONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFWESTERNCULTUREANDWESTERNERSCHARACTERSRECEIVINGTHEINFLUENCEOFRESPECTIVECULTURALTRADITION,THECHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTUREHASHADDIFFERENTCHARACTERISTICTHEDIFFERENCESINCONCEPTS,TARGETS,PATTERNS,ATTRIBUTIONANDNATUREHADREFLECTEDTHEDIFFERENTDIETARYCULTUREINTHEDIFFERENTSTATECHARACTERISTICSUCHCHARACTERISTICHASENRICHEDTHERESEARCHVALUEOFDIETARYCULTURESTUDYINGTHESECULTURALDIFFERENCES,WECANFINDOUTAJOINTENHANCINGTHECOMMUNICATIONBETWEENCHINAANDTHEWESTTHROUGHACOMPREHENSIVESTUDYOFTHESUBJECTITMAYBEAGREATHELPTOTHECOMMUNICATIONOFTHECHINESEANDWESTERNCULTURESIDIFFERENCESINCONCEPTSFIRST,THECHINESEANDWESTERNDIETHAVETHEDIFFERENCESTHATCANNOTBEIGNOREDINCONCEPTSNOBODYWILLDENYTHATTHEWESTERNDIETISARATIONALCONCEPT,REGARDLESSOFTHECOLOROFFOOD,INCENSE,FLAVORANDSHAPE,BUTNUTRITIONMUSTBEASSUREDITCARESABOUTTHEINTAKEOFCALORIES,VITAMINS,PROTEINANDSOONDURINGADAYCOMPARINGWITHTHECHINESEDIET,WESTERNDIETTASTESSTEREOTYPED,ASSIMPLEASCHEWINGTHECANDLE,BUTTHESENSETELLSTHEMWEMUSTEATTHEMALLBECAUSEOFTHENUTRITIONANDTHENTHEYPUTITBLUNTLY,JUSTLIKEREFUELINGMACHINETHECONCEPTOFWESTERNDIETISCOMPATIBLEWITHTHEWHOLEWESTERNPHILOSOPHYMETAPHYSICSISTHEMAINFEATUREOFWESTERNPHILOSOPHYSUCHKINDOFPHILOSOPHYBRINGSVITALITYTOWESTERNCULTURE,SOTHENATURALSCIENCES,PSYCHOLOGYANDMETHODOLOGYACHIEVEARAPIDDEVELOPMENTINSOMEOTHERASPECTS,SUCHPHILOSOPHYPROPOSITIONISASIGNIFICANTLYOBSTACLE,SUCHASTHEDIETARYCULTURE,WHICHISTHEINEVITABLETHINGTODROPBEHIND,ANDJUSTTHEMETAPHYSICSOFMETHODOLOGYMARKSEVERYWHEREINCELEBRATION,ITSTRESSESTABLEWARE,STRESSESTHESTAPLE,STRESSESTHESERVINGS,ANDSTRESSESTHECOLORANDSHAPEMIXOFRAWMATERIALSBUTNOMATTERHOWLUXURIOUSTHEGRADEISFROMLOSANGELESTONEWYORK,ONLYONETASTEOFSTEAK,ITISNOARTTOSPEAKOFANDASDISHES,THECHICKENISCHICKENSTEAKISSTEAK,EVENINGROUPS,WHICHAREALSOCONDUCTEDINASHALLOWDISHINADISHOF“FRENCHMUTTONCHOPS“,ONESIDEISPOTATOMUD,ANDMUTTONCHOPSSITSNEXTTOIT,ANOTHERSIDEISALLOCATIONOFCOOKINGBEANS,ANDPLUSAFEWTABLETSOFTOMATOCOLORISONCLEAR,BUTTHETASTESOFTHEVARIOUSMATERIALSARESEPARATED,NOTTORECONCILE,ANDTHEENTIREFLAVORISALSOSIMPLEANDCLEARCHINESEDIETISASENSEOFBEAUTYDIETWHENPEOPLESAMPLEDISHES,THEYOFTENSAYTHISDISHIS“DELICIOUS“,ANDTHATDISHIS“NOTDELICIOUS“BUTIFYOUASKWHATISMEANTBY“DELICIOUS“,WHY“TASTY“ANDWHATARETHEASPECTSOF“DELICIOUS“,IAMAFRAIDTHATITWILLBEDIFFICULTTOANSWERTHISSHOWSTHATWHICHCHINESEPEOPLEHANKERONADIETISJUSTTHE“MOOD”THATISDIFFICULTFORONETOSAYANYTHINGEVENUSINGTHE“COLOR,FLAVOR,SHAPEANDIMPLEMENT“WHICHPEOPLEOFTENSAIDTOMAKETHE“REALM“REIFICATION,IAMAFRAIDITISSTILLDIFFICULTTOCROWNALLTHEBEAUTYPURSUITOFCHINESECUISINEISCLEARLYOVERRIDINGTHERATIONALPURSUITTHISCONCEPTOFDIETISALSOCOINCIDINGWITHTHETRADITIONALCHINESEPHILOSOPHYCHINESEPHILOSOPHYASAREPRESENTATIVEOFORIENTALPHILOSOPHY,ITSDISTINGUISHINGFEATURESISTHEMACRO,VISUAL,VAGUEANDEVASIVECHINESECOOKINGMETHODISTORECONCILE,ANDTHEULTIMATEGOALISTORECONCILEOUTOFABEAUTIFULTASTETHEMAINSTRESSISMEASUREANDTHEOVERALLCOORDINATIONITCONTAINSAWEALTHOFDIALECTICSOFCHINESEPHILOSOPHY,ANDALLTHESEDEPENDONTHEDEGREEOFTHEWONDERFULFLAVORANDHARMONYOFDISHTHEEVERCHANGINGWITHINDEGREESDECIDESTHECHANGEABLEOFCHINESEFOOD,ANDITALSODECIDESTHECHARACTERISTICSOFCHINESEFOODASWELLASTHECHARACTERISTICSONEACHOFTHECHEFSIIDIFFERENCESINTARGETSALLDIETCANNOTBEDONEWITHOUTVEGETABLESTHEWORD“DISH“ISFORTHESOUNDINCHINA,ANDITALWAYSHASSOMETHINGTODOWITHTHEPLANTSACCORDINGTOASURVEYOFWESTERNPLANTSSCHOLAR,THEREARE600VARIETIESOFVEGETABLES,SIXTIMESMORETHANINTHEWESTINFACT,THECHINESEDISHES,VEGETABLEDISHISUSUALFOODMEATDISHENTEREDTHENORMALDIETONLYONHOLIDAYSORHIGHERLIVINGSTANDARDS,SOSINCEANCIENTTIMES,ANDTHEREWASASAYINGOF“FRESHVEGETABLES“CHUMANDARINLANGUAGE“COMMONPEOPLEEATFRESHVEGETABLES,FISHONLYOFFEREDINTHEWORSHIP“ITISSAIDTHATFRESHVEGETABLESAREMAINLYTOTHECIVILIANINGENERAL,ONLYBEINGABLETOEATMEATONLYINWORSHIPVEGETARIANDIETTAKESTHEDOMINANTPOSITIONINTHENORMALSTRUCTURECHINESEPEOPLECONSIDERTHEVEGETABLESASTHEMAINDISHITHASINEXTRICABLYLINKEDWITHTHEADVOCACYOFBUDDHISTSTHEYDEEMANIMALSAS“PEOPLE“ANDPLANTSHAVE“NOSOUL“SO,THEYADVOCATEVEGETARIANISMWESTERNERSDONOTSEEMTOHAVESUCHAGOODHABITTHEYUPHOLDACULTURALORIGINOFNOMADIC,SEAFARINGNATIONLIVINGMAINLYBYFISHINGANDHUNTING,COLLECTIONANDPLANTINGAREJUSTTHECOMPLEMENTTHEREAREMOREMEATDISHESINTHEIRLIVESFEEDING,CLOTHING,ANDUSINGARETAKENFROMTHEANIMALS,ANDEVENWESTERNMEDICINEISDERIVEDFROMANIMALSWHENTHEWESTERNERSINTRODUCETHEDIETCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEIRCOUNTRIES,THEYALWAYSFEELTHATTHEIRDIETISMOREREASONABLEONTHEMIXOFNUTRITIONTHANCHINATHEFOODINDUSTRYISMOREDEVELOPED,SUCHASCANS,FASTFOOD,ALTHOUGHTHETASTEISMONOTONOUS,BUTITSAVESTIME,ANDITALSOHASGOODNUTRITIONTHEREFORE,INTHEIRCOUNTRIESPEOPLEAREGENERALLYHEALTHIERANDTALLERTHANCHINESE,ANDTHEPEOPLEHAVESTRONGSHOULDERSANDDEVELOPEDMUSCLESBUTCHINESEPEOPLELOOKSHORT,THEIRSHOULDERSNARROWANDLEGSTHIN,THEIRSKINYELLOWANDTHEIRBODYWEAKTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNFOODFORWESTERNERSTOJUDGETHEMERITSOFTHETWODIETISNOTJUSTIFIEDMRSUNYATSENHADPROFOUNDSTUDYOFTHECULTUREOFFOODANDINCISIVEEXPOSITIONINHISCOMPOSINGTHESCHEMEFORNATIONALRECONSTRUCTION,DETAILINGTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETPHENOMENON,HECONCLUDES“CHINESEORDINARYPEOPLEDRINKGREENTEA,ANDEATSIMPLEFOODSUCHASVEGETABLESANDTOFUFORMEALSUCHKINDSOFFOODARETHEMOSTHEALTHYANDBENEFICIALACCORDINGTOTHERESEARCHOFHYGIENISTTHEREFORE,THEREMOTEPEOPLEINCHINA,WHOSEDIETAREFARFROMMEATANDWINE,ALWAYSLIVEALONGLIFEALSOCHINAHASABIGPOPULATION,ANDCHINESEPEOPLEHAVEENORMOUSPOWERTORESISTDISEASE,BUTTHEYNEVERTRYTHENONDIET“HEADDED“THECHINESEVEGETARIANSALLEATTOFUTOFUISEXPECTEDASTHEREALMEATINPLANTS,ASITHASTHENUTRITIONTHATMEATHASITISTHEMEATWITHOUTTOXICMATERIALSSOTHECHINESEAREVEGETARIANUSEDTOBEACUSTOMWITHOUTTHEPROMOTIONOFSCHOLARSITISALSOACUSTOMTHATTHEEUROPEANANDAMERICANDRINKTHICKWINE,EATMEATANDFISHSOTHEREWASSCIENCEPROMOTIONBEFOREANDASEVERELAWLATER,SUCHASTHEUNITEDSTATESPROHIBITIONANDTHETRANSFERWILLNOTCARRYOUTINASHORTTIME“MRSUNSWORDSTELLOUTTHESCIENTIFICBENEFITSOFCHINESEDIETANDDISADVANTAGESOFWESTERNDIETACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHESIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETTARGETS,THECHINESECHARACTERISCALLEDTHEPLANTCHARACTER,WHILETHEWESTERNERSISANIMALCHARACTERINRESPONSETOTHECULTURALBEHAVIORS,WESTERNERSLOVEADVENTURE,EXPLORATION,CONFLICTBUTTHECHINESEPEOPLEONLYLIKETOLIVEBANALLYACCORDINGTOAMERICANEXPERTONFOLKLORERUTHSOPINIONSONTHE“CULTURALPATTERN“THEORY,CHINESECULTUREISQUITESIMILARTOTHECLASSICALWORLDAPOLLOTYPECHARACTERANDWESTERNERSISSIMILARTOTHEMODERNWORLDFAUSTTYPEINDEED,THEWESTERNERSSUCHASAMERICANSINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEWEST,THEYPUTTHEWHOLEFAMILYONTHETRUCK,ANDGOOUTOFTHECITYINAMIDRUMBLINGWITHTHESUPPLIESTHECHINESEPEOPLEAREALWAYSTHINKINGABOUT“HOME“AND“ROOTS“,DESPITETHEPROMOTIONTHATYOUNGPEOPLESHOULDTAKETHEWORLDASHOMEBUTAFTERAFEWDECADES,THEOVERSEASCHINESEWILLCOMEBACKTOTHEMAINLANDWITHCRUTCHTOSEEKTHEIRROOTSTHISCONCEPTOFRETURNANDSUCHHUMANSPIRITTHATCANONLYBESAIDTOCOOPERATEWITHTHEACCUMULATIONINTHEDIETTHENITBRINGSCOHESIVENESSTOTHECHINESENATIONANDTHENMAKESTHEHUMANFOLKFULLOFENERGYIIIDIFFERENCESINDIETARYPATTERNSTHECHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYPATTERNSCANBEVERYDIFFERENT,ANDTHESEDIFFERENCESAFFECTTHENATIONALCHARACTERINCHINA,ACELEBRATION,NOMATTERWHAT,THEREWILLBEONLYONEFORM,ASSITTINGTOGETHER,SHARINGONEFEASTBANQUETUSESROUNDTABLE,WHICHHASCREATEDAUNITYOFFORM,WHICHISCOURTESY,COMITYATMOSPHERECATEAREINTHECENTEROFTHETABLEITISTHEOBJECTSFORPEOPLETOAPPRECIATEANDTASTE,ANDITISALSOANINTERMEDIATEOFCOMMUNICATIONPEOPLETOASTEACHOTHERANDSHARETHEVEGETABLES,WHICHREFLECTTHEMUTUALRESPECTBETWEENPEOPLEINTHEFACEOFTHEGOODTHINGS,ALSOSHOWTHEVIRTUESOFCOMITYALTHOUGHFROMTHEHEALTHPOINTOFVIEW,THISAPPROACHHASOBVIOUSDEFICIENCIES,BUTITISINOURNATIONAL“HAPPY“MENTALITY,ITREFLECTSTHECLASSICALCHINESEPHILOSOPHYAREAOF“AND“IMPACTFORFUTUREGENERATIONSITISHELPFULTOFACILITATETHECOLLECTIVEEMOTIONALEXCHANGESANDCONSEQUENTLYDIFFICULTTOREFORMTHEWESTERNSTYLEBANQUETS,ALTHOUGHTHEFOODANDWINEAREVERYIMPORTANT,BUTINFACTTHEYAREJUSTFOILTHECOREOFBANQUETISFRIENDSHIP,BYTHECONVERSATIONWITHTHEGUESTSWHOSITTINGNEXTTOACHIEVETHEPURPOSEOFRECREATIONIFMAKINGANANALOGOUSCOMPAREBETWEENTHERECREATIONOFTHEBANQUETSANDDANCING,ITMAYBESAIDTHATTHECHINESEBANQUETISLIKEGROUPDANCE,ANDTHEWESTERNBANQUETISLIKEMENANDWOMENDANCINGTHISSHOWSTHATCOMMUNICATIONPURPOSEOFCHINESEBANQUETANDWESTERNBANQUETAREVERYOBVIOUSONLYTHECHINESEBANQUETISMOREPOPULARINTHECOMMUNION,BUTWESTERNBANQUETSHOWSGUESTSREFLECTEDINTHEFRIENDSHIPBETWEENNEIGHBORSTHEMOREOBVIOUSDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYPATTERNSISBUFFETDINNERWHICHISPOPULARINTHEWESTTHISMETHODISTODISPLAYALLFOOD,ANDEVERYBODYISPICKINGNOTFIXEDINHISORHERPLACESTOEATTHEYWALKFREELYTHISAPPROACHWOULDPROVIDETHEEMOTIONALINTERACTIONBETWEENINDIVIDUALSTHEYNEVERNEEDTOPUTEVERYWORDONTHETABLETHISALSOSHOWSAWESTERNPERSONALITYANDSELFRESPECTHOWEVER,ALLTHEEATINGWITHOUTJAMMINGLACKSTHEREALAFFECTIVETONELIKETHECHINESEPEOPLESOMEPEOPLEWANTTOPUTTHEBUFFETINTHECHINESEFOOD,BUTITHINKITISNOTFEASIBLEZHANGQIJUNINTHEPRINCIPLESOFCOOKINGTELLSUSTHEMAINREASON“FIRST,BUFFETISNOTLIKEDRINKINGTEADRINKINGTEAISJUSTTHETHINGTOYOUBEFOREYOUCHOOSE,ANDDISPLAYEDINTHECAFETERIATHEREISALARGENUMBEROFFOODTOEAT,SOWHENYOUWANTTOHAVEIT,ITISCOLDYETCHINESECUISINEWILLSERVEHOT,IFCOLD,NOTHINGTOEATSECONDLY,BUFFETDISHESONLYCANDOHARDDISHESANDBENEFICIALDISHESTHENYOUCANACCESSFORLARGEPLOTSANDTHOSEMOSTREPRESENTATIVEOFTHECHINESECULINARYARTS,SUCHASTHETENDERANDLIGHTERDISHES,ARENOTINTHISSHOWTHIRD,THEBUFFETCANDOSTEWINGPOTITMEANSABIGPOTINTERMSOFFOODANYSOPHISTICATEDCOOKINGOFADISHCANONLYBECOOKEDINAPOTATTWOMOST,ANDITISNOTABLETOCOOKTHEDISHFORDOZENSOFPEOPLESOITWILLNOTBEDELICIOUS,NEVERTALKINGOFTHETASTEUNDERSUCHCIRCUMSTANCES,ITISCLEARTHATTHEUSEOFBUFFETDINNERWILLDENYCHINESECULINARYARTS“THECHINESEPEOPLEAREDRINKINGAROUNDTHETABLETOSHOWHARMONYANDUNITY,BUTTHEBUFFETHASBROKENSUCHPATTERNITRAISESTHEPERSONALINDEPENDENCEANDSELFMENTIONEDATTHEFIRSTPLACETHISISTHEOPPOSITEOFTHESCALEOFTHEGREATUNITYOFALLCHINESETRADITIONALCULTUREIVDIFFERENCESINDIETATTRIBUTIONTHEREAREDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETATTRIBUTIONWESTERNDIETTENDSTOBESCIENTIFICANDRATIONAL,BUTTHECHINESEDIETTENDSTOBEARTANDSENTIMENTALDURINGTHEUNDERDEVELOPMENTERAOFDIET,THESETWOTRENDSHAVEONLYONEAIMTOLIVEANDNEVERBEHUNGRYANDWHENTHEDIETARYCULTUREISFULLDEVELOPED,THETENDENCYISSHOWNINTHISDIFFERENTPURPOSETHEFORMERISINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNUTRITION,THELATTERISEXPRESSEDASTHESTRESSONTHEFLAVORCOOKINGISFROMDIETTHEORIGINOFFOODISALIFESUSTAININGNUTRITIONTHEREFORE,THEFOCUSOFWESTERNDIETISONLYTHEEXTENSIONOFTHEORIGINALDIETPRACTICALITYTHEEMPHASISONTHEFLAVOROFCHINESECUISINECATERSTHEDIETTOTHEARTSFIELDMENCIUSSAID“FLAVORINTHEMOUTHHASTHESAMEINTERESTS“INTERESTS“POINTSOUTTHEKEYFROMNUTRITIONTOARTSSUCHINTERESTSAREFROMTHEMEANINGOFFLAVORINCHINA,EATINGISNOTMEANTTOHAVEENOUGHITISABOUTNUTRITIONSOMETIMESWEEATTHOUGHWEAREFULLWEAREOVERLOADEDWITHFOODWHYSAYINGBLUNTLY,ITISTOAPPRECIATETHEARTOFCOOKINGANDNOTSAYINGITNICELY,ITISTHETEMPTATIONOF“DELICIOUS“FORTHEENJOYMENTOFTASTEWATCHINGTHERATIONALDIETINTHEWEST,ITISNOTONLYWASTE,BUTALSOHARMFULTOTHEMENBODYINFACT,THEHERBALISTDOCTORSAREALSOOPPOSEDTOOVEREAT,CLAIMING“DIETARYRESTRAINT“BUTTHEDIALECTICSTELLUSCHINESEPEOPLE,OCCASIONALLYTHE“OVERLOAD“ANDONCEWEARECOMFORTABLE,WECANABSORBANDSTOREQIGONGMASTERSATTHESITUATIONOFNONEATANDNONDRINKATHOMEISSTILLINGOODSPIRITS,ALTHOUGHTHEIRWEIGHTLOSES,BUTITISINTACTONTHEHUMANBODYANDITISTHECONSUMPTIONOFSUCHSTORAGEHERBALISTDOCTORALSOADVOCATESWINTERNUTRITIONITISALSOINORDERTOSTOREFORKEEPINGENERGYINTHECOMINGYEARCHINESEPEOPLESVIEWSAREMOREDIALECTICALTHANTHEWESTERNDIETPROPOSITIONSOPPOSINGOVERLOADEDSTUBBORNLYITISCLOSERTOTHESCIENCETRUTH,ANDHASBEENCHECKEDUPFORTHOUSANDSOFCHINESEMEDICINEPRACTICEPSYCHOLOGISTSSPINOZASAID“THEDESIREISHUMANNATURETHANOTHER”THEHUMANDESIREFORDELICIOUSISTHENATUREOFHUMANBEINGSWHICHISFULLYREFLECTEDINPROCESSOFTHETASTEENJOYMENT,ITISIMBUEDWITHTHESHARESOFLANVITALLIFESHOULDNOTBEAYOKE,BUTALSONOTBEAREPRESSEDDESIREWECANNOTUSETHEABSOLUTEREASONTOREGULATETHEBEHAVIOROFALLPEOPLEONTHEDIET,ITISNOTTHEPURPOSEOF“SCIENCE“AND“NUTRITION“ANDSOMEDELICIOUSAREEXCLUDEDFROMTHETABLEOUTSIDEONLYDELICIOUSTHINGSCANSATISFYPEOPLESAPPETITEANDTHENGIVETHEARRIVALOFPHYSICALANDMENTALPLEASURECHINESEDIETSHOWSTHETRANSFORMATIONABOUTSENTIMENTALFORMTORATIONALFORMFROMTHEOLDDAYSTILLNOW,ANDCAUSETHECHINESEDIETARYCULTUREBRIMMINGWITHIMAGINATIONANDCREATIVITYTHESENSIBILITYOFCHINESECULINARYCULTUREISASUBLIMESENSIBILITY,INFILTRATINGRATIONALSENSE,ALSOTHEREALIZATIONOFTHENATUREOFLIFEINADDITION,GUSTATORYENJOYMENTISONEOFTHEMAINOBJECTIVESPURSUEDOFTHEHUMANSTRUGGLETHEARTOFCHINESECUISINEISCOMPATIBLEWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANHISTORYINTHEPROCESS,MORESCIENTIFICTHANTHEPROGRESSOFTHEWESTERNDIETASZHANGQIJUNINHISWORKCOOKINGPRINCIPLESSAID“THEUNITEDSTATESISUNPRECEDENTEDLEASTAFFLUENTSOCIETY,BUTTILLTODAY,INESSENCEITISSTILLFOODTOEATSTAGETHEREARESTILLSOMEDISTANCESFROMENTERINGTHEREALMOFART”INCHINA,THEROLEOFDIETGOESBEYONDTHESUBSISTENCEOFEXISTENCE,WHICHISDESIGNEDNOTONLYTOHAVETHEPHYSICALPRESENCE,BUTALSOTOMEETPEOPLESSPIRITUALNEEDSFORPLEASUREITISPOSITIVETOENRICHPEOPLESLIFEPERFORMANCE,ANDFINEARTS,MUSIC,LITERATURE,ETCWHICHHAVETHESAMELEVELOFSIGNIFICANCETOTHEIMPROVEMENTOFLIFECHINESEDIETTENDSTOARTISTRY,THESOCALLEDARTREALM,INFACT,THATISACOMPLETELEAPFROMTHENECESSITYTOFREEDOMITISCHARACTERIZEDBYRANDOMNESSFOREXAMPLE,SIMILARDISHES,BECAUSEOFTHEDIFFERENCESINAREA,SEASON,TARGET,FUNCTIONANDGRADE,ITHASDIFFERENTTREATMENTSONOPERATIONSETBRAISEDFISHFOREXAMPLE,INWINTERDEEPCOLORSAREADVISEDANDTASTESAREADVISEDSTRONGLY,BUTINSUMMERITSHOULDBELIGHTCOLORANDFLAVORANDFORTHEPEOPLEINZHEJIANGPROVINCE,THEIRDISHESCANBEPUTUPMORESUGARINTHEBRAISEDFISH,ANDIFFACINGCHUANXIANGCUSTOMERSITSHOULDALLOCATESPICYITEASYTOSEETHATIFOUTOFTHEARBITRARY,THEREWOULDBENOCOOKINGVARIETYWEWILLLOSETHEUNIQUECHARMOFCHINESECUISINEWHEREASINTHEWEST,DISHESINDIFFERENTAREASANDDIFFERENTSEASONSANDFACINGDIFFERENTCUSTOMERS,ISTHESAMEFLAVOR,NOCHANGESALTHOUGHITISTHEMOSTVALUABLEBANQUET,WHICHISJUSTTABLEWAREKNOWN,CONDUCTEDLAYOUT,ANDTHEVEGETABLESREMAINTHESAMEASBEFOREMOREOVER,ASFORMATERIALS,WESTERNERSTHINKTHEFOODISTOEAT,EATINGSPECIAL“HARDVEGETABLES“SUCHASLARGEPIECEOFMEAT,CHICKENBLOCKCHINASCUISINEIS“TASTE“THECHINESECOOKINGINMATERIALSHASSHOWNTREMENDOUSARBITRARINESSTHETHINGSWHICHMANY,MANYWESTERNERSCONSIDERASDISPOSABLETHINGSINCHINAAREEXCELLENTRAWMATERIALSFOREIGNCOOKSARENOTABLETODEALWITHTHINGS,BUTINTHEHANDSOFACHINESECHEF,ITCANGETAMAGICRESULTCHINESECUISINEISEVIDENTINTHEWIDEUSEOFMATERIALSBESIDESSKILLS,ANEXCELLENTCOOK,OFCOURSE,CANDOMORECOMPLICATEDDISHESBUTFACINGTHEREALSIMPLEMATERIALSANDCONDIMENTS,THECOOKSAREOFTENABLETOPRODUCEDELICIOUSFLAVORSITISTHEARBITRARINESSOFSKILLSINTHESURFACE,THEMENUSEEMSTOBESCIENTIFICWESTERNERSALWAYSUSEMENUTOBUYINGREDIENTSTOPRODUCEDISHES,BUTINCOMPARISON,ITISTHEMACHINERY,ANDOFTENPOWERLESSFACINGTHECOMPLEXSPECIFICSITUATIONOFCOURSE,THISMECHANICALSCIENCEISSTILLCANBESAIDASSCIENCE,BUTITISPRIMITIVESCIENCE,ANDITISNOTTHECOMPLETESCIENCECHINESECOOKINGTALKSABOUTARTISTRY,BUTITSTILLFITTHEREQUIREMENTSAMONGTHEEVERCHANGING,ITCANBESAIDSUCHSCIENCEISAREALSCIENCETHECHARACTERSOFWESTERNFOODWHICHLACKSNUTRITIONANDARTISTICATMOSPHEREHAVEGREATDISTINCTIONFROMTHEARTISTICREALMOFCHINESECUISINEVDIFFERENCESINTHENATUREDIFFERENCESINTHENATUREOFTHECHINESEANDWESTERNDIETAREINOSCULATEDWITHTHERESPECTIVELIFESTYLEANDTHEPACEOFLIFEINTHEWEST,PEOPLEDOTHEDUPLICATIONOFPIPELINEOPERATIONS,ANDIMPLEMENTPIECEWAGESYSTEM,SOTHEPACESOFTHEIRLIVESARESOFASTPEOPLEFALLUNDERTHEMECHANICALMETHODEITHERINTENTIONALLYORUNINTENTIONALLY,ANDBELIEVETHAT“WORKISWORK,ANDGAMEISGAME“MECHANICALLIVESLEDTOONENESSOFDIETORASINGLEBLINDABOUTDIET,ANDEATBEEFSTEAKANDPOTATOESEVERYDAYMONOTONOUSDIETISTHESAMEASWORK,FORWHICHTHEPURPOSESISTOFULFI