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EFFICIENTIMAGEBASEDMETHODSFORRENDERINGSOFTSHADOWSMANEESH,RAVIRGRAPHICSSTANFORDEDUALANHEIRICH,LAURENTMOLLCOMPAQCOMMANEESHAGRAWALARAVIRAMAMOORTHIALANHEIRICHLAURENTMOLLPIXARANIMATIONSTUDIOSSTANFORDUNIVERSITYCOMPAQCOMPUTERCORPORATIONCOMPAQCOMPUTERCORPORATIONHARDVSSOFTSHADOWSHARDSHADOWSSOFTSHADOWSSHADOWMAPSIMAGEBASEDHARDSHADOWSWILLIAMS78TIME,MEMORYDEPENDONIMAGESIZE,NOTGEOMETRICSCENECOMPLEXITYDISADVANTAGEBIASANDALIASINGARTIFACTSSOFTSHADOWSCHENANDWILLIAMS93VIEWINTERPOLATEMULTIPLESHADOWMAPSIBRGOODFORSOFTSHADOWSIBRGOODFORSECONDARYEFFECTSARTIFACTSLESSPERCEPTIBLEIBRWORKSWELLFORNEARBYVIEWPOINTSSHADOWMAPSFROMLIGHTSOURCELIGHTSOURCELOCALIZEDAREAPOORLYSAMPLEDREGIONSAREALSODIMLYLITIBRGOODFORSOFTSHADOWSPOORLYSAMPLEDREGIONSAREALSODIMLYLITATTENUATIONONLYWITHLIGHTINGLIGHTSHADOWMAPCONTRIBUTIONSEXTENDSHADOWMAPSTOSOFTSHADOWSIMAGEBASEDRENDERINGESPECIALLYSUITABLETWONOVELIMAGEBASEDALGORITHMSLAYEREDATTENUATIONMAPSLAMCOHERENCEBASEDRAYTRACINGCBRTLAMDISPLAY510FPSSOMEALIASINGARTIFACTSINTERACTIVEAPPLICATIONSGAMESPREVIEWINGCBRTRENDER1983MINSPEEDUP1296XPRODUCTIONQUALITYIMAGESREFRESHERLDISLAYEREDDEPTHIMAGESSHADEETAL98GEOMETRYCAMERAREFRESHERLDISLAYEREDDEPTHIMAGESSHADEETAL98LDIREFRESHERLDISLAYEREDDEPTHIMAGESSHADEETAL98LDIDEPTH,COLORPRECOMPUTATIONRENDERVIEWSFROMPOINTSONLIGHTHARDWARECREATELAYEREDATTENUATIONMAPSOFTWAREWARPVIEWSINTOLDISTOREDEPTH,ATTENUATIONOBJECTSINLAMVISIBLEINATLEAST1VIEWPRECOMPUTATION1STVIEWPOINTPRECOMPUTATION2NDVIEWPOINTATTENUATION1/2ATTENUATION2/2PRECOMPUTATIONWARPED2NDVIEWPOINTATTENUATION1/2ATTENUATION2/2NOTPRESENTDISPLAYRENDERSCENEWITHOUTSHADOWSHARDWAREPROJECTINTOLAMSOFTWAREREADOFFATTENUATIONATTENUATIONMODULATESSHADOWLESSRENDERINGDISPLAYLAMCENTEROFLIGHTEYEDISPLAYLAMCENTEROFLIGHTEYEATTENUATION2/2COLORCOLOR2/2DISPLAYLAMCENTEROFLIGHTEYEDISPLAYLAMCENTEROFLIGHTEYENOTINLAMATTENUATION0COLORCOLOR0PREVIOUSINTERACTIVEMETHODSHWPEROBJECTTEXTURESHERFANDHECKBERT97CONVOLUTIONSOLERANDSILLION98TEXTUREINTENSIVELAMSIZE512X512AVGNUMDEPTHLAYERS15PRECOMP77SEC64VIEWS294SEC256VIEWSDISPLAY510FPSLAMSIZE512X512AVGNUMDEPTHLAYERS2PRECOMP60SEC64VIEWS224SEC256VIEWSDISPLAY510FPSLAMVIDEOLAYEREDATTENUATIONMAPSFAST,ALIASESCOHERENCEBASEDRAYTRACINGSLOW,NOISELAMCBRTCOHERENCEBASEDRAYTRACINGHIERARCHICALRAYTRACINGTHROUGHDEPTHIMAGESTIME,MEMORYDECOUPLEDFROMGEOMETRICSCENECOMPLEXITYCOHERENCEBASEDSAMPLINGLIGHTSOURCEVISIBILITYCHANGESSLOWLYREDUCENUMBERSHADOWRAYSTRACEDALSOUSABLEWITHGEOMETRICRAYTRACERREPRESENTSCENEWITHMULTIPLESHADOWMAPSLIGHTIMAGEBASEDRAYTRACING1STSHADOWMAPREPRESENTSCENEWITHMULTIPLESHADOWMAPSLIGHTIMAGEBASEDRAYTRACING2NDSHADOWMAP1STSHADOWMAPTRACESHADOWRAYTHROUGHSHADOWMAPSLIGHTIMAGEBASEDRAYTRACING2NDSHADOWMAP1STSHADOWMAPHIERARCHICALIMGBASEDRAYTRACINGPREVIOUSHEIGHTFIELDSMUSGRAVEETAL89NEWVIEWSMARCATO98CHANG98LISCHINSKIANDRAPPOPORT98SHADOWSKEATINGANDMAX99OURCONTRIBUTIONSACCELERATIONSSHADOWRAYTRAVERSALFASTMETHODSHANDLINGMULTIPLEDEPTHIMAGESSPEEDUP220XLIGHTSOURCEVISIBILITYIMAGELIGHTVISIBILITYIMAGES1LIGHTSOURCEVISIBILITYIMAGES1S2VISIMAGEFORS1LIGHTVISIBILITYIMAGECOHERENCEBASEDSAMPLINGCOMPUTEVISIBILITYIMAGEATFIRSTPOINTS1LOOPOVERFOLLOWINGSURFACEPOINTSSIPREDICTVISIBILITYIMAGEATSIFROMSI1TRACERAYSWHEREPREDICTIONCONFIDENCELOWPREDICTINGVISIBILITYBLOCKERPTSS1S1S2PREDICTIONPREDICTINGVISIBILITYBLOCKERPTSS1S1S2PREDICTIONLOWCONFIDENCELIGHTSOURCEEDGESBLOCKED/UNBLOCKEDEDGESPREDICTIONCONFIDENCEPREDICTEDVISIBILITYTRACERAYSINALLXEDCELLSHIGHCONFIDENCE5LOWCONFIDENCE31TOTALCELLS36RATIO5/36014LOWCONFIDENCELIGHTSOURCEEDGESBLOCKED/UNBLOCKEDEDGESPREDICTIONCONFIDENCEPREDICTEDVISIBILITYTRACERAYSINALLXEDCELLSHIGHCONFIDENCE56LOWCONFIDENCE88TOTALCELLS144RATIO56/144040PROPAGATINGLOWCONFIDENCEIFTRACEDRAYPREDICTIONTRACENEIGHBORCELLSSIMILARTOHARTETAL99PREDICTIONCORRECTPROPAGATINGLOWCONFIDENCEIFTRACEDRAYPREDICTIONTRACENEIGHBORCELLSPREDICTIONINCORRECTSIMILARTOHARTETAL99LIGHTCELLS16X16256FOUR1024X1024MAPSPRECOMP233MINRENDER1983MINRAYS7986SPEEDUP1296X227XDUETOIMAGEBASEDRAYTRACINGACCELERATIONS571XDUETOCOHERENCEBASEDSAMPLINGLIGHTCELLS16X16256FOUR1024X1024MAPSPRECOMP393MINRENDER6513MINRAYS8874SPEEDUP852X216XDUETOIMAGEBASEDRAYTRACINGACCELERATIONS394XDUETOCOHERENCEBASEDSAMPLINGLAMCBRTCONCLUSIONSTWOEFFICIENTIMAGEBASEDMETHODSLAYEREDATTENUATIONMAPSINTERACTIVEAPPLICATIONSCOHERENCEBASEDRAYTRACINGPRODUCTIONQUALITYIMAGESIBRIDEALFORSOFTSHADOWSSECONDARYEFFECTSFUTUREWORKDYNAMICSCENESANTIALIASINGWITHDEEPSHADOWMAPSHARDWAREIMPLEMENTATIONACKNOWLEDGEMENTSTOMLOKOVICREIDGERSHBEIN,TONYAPODACA,MARKVANDEWETTERING,CRAIGKOLBSTANFORDGRAPHICSGROUPPREDICTIONERRORSMISSEDBLOCKERSDEPENDENTONSURFACESAMPLINGDENSITYMISSEDHOLESDEPENDENTONLIGHTSOURCESAMPLINGDENSITYS1S2MISSEDBLOCKEREMBJ8G4D1ZWTQYNVJSGODLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODL9I6F3B0YVSOXLUIQFNCK8H5D2AXURZNWKSHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGOCL9I6E3B0YVROXLTIQFNBK8H5D2AXUQZNWKSHPDMAJ7F4C1ZWSPYMUJRGOCL9H6E3BYVROWLTIQENBK8G5D1AXTQZNVKSGPDMAI7F4C0ZWSPXMUJRFOCL9H6E2BYUROWLTHQENBJ8G5D1AWTQYNVKSGPDLAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUIRFOCK9H5E2BXURZOWLTHQEMBJ8G4D1AWTQYNVJSGPDLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK9H5E2AXURZOWKTHPAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUIRFOCK9H6E2BXURZOWLTHQEMBJ8G4D1AWTQYNVJSGPDLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK9H5E2AXURZOWKTHPEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODLAI6F3B0YVSPXLUIQFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGODL9I6E3B0YVSOXLTIQFNBK8H5D2AXUQZNWKSHPEMAJ7F4C1ZWTPYMUJRGOCL9I6E3BYVROXLTIQENBK8G5D2AXTQZNVKSHPDMAI7F4C0ZWSPYMUJRFOCL9H6E3BYUROWLTIQENBJ8G5D1AXTQYNVKSGPDMAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUIRFOCK9H6E2BXURZOWLTHQENBJ8G4D1AWTQYNVJSGPDLAI7F3C0YVSPXMUIRFNCK9H5E2BXURZOWKTHQEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODLAI6F3B0YVSPXLUIRFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMBJ7G4C1ZWTQYMVJRGODL9I6F3B0YVSOXLUIQFNBK8H5D2AXUQZNWKSHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGOCL9I6E3B0YVROXLTIQFNBK8G5D2AXUQZNVKSHPDMAJ7F4C0ZWSPYMUJRFOCL9H6E3BYUROWLTIQENBK8G5D1AXTQZNVKSGPDMAI7F4C0ZVSPXMUJRFOCK9H6E2BYURZOWLTHQENBJ8G4D1AWTQYNVJSGPDLAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUIRFOCK9H5E2BXURZOWKTHQEMBJ8G4D1ZWTQYNVJSGODLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK8H5E2AXURZOWKTHPEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODL9I6F3B0YRZOWKTHQEMBJ8G4D1ZWTQYNVJSGODLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK9H5E2AXURZOWKTHPEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODL9I6F3B0YVSOXLUIQFNCK8H5D2AXURZNWKSHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGODL9I6E3B0YVSOXLTIQFNBK8H5D2AXUQZNWKSHPDMAJ7F4C1ZWSPYMUJRGOCL9H6E3BYVROWLTIQENBK8G5D2AXTQZNVKSHPDMAI7F4C0ZWSPXMUJRFOCL9H6E2BYUROWLTHQENBJ8G5D1AWTQYNVKSGPDLAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUIRFOCK9H6E2BXURZOWLTHQEMBJ8G4D1AWTQYNVJSGPDLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK9H5E2AXURZOWKTHQEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODLAI6F3B0YVSPXLUIQFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGODL9I6E3B0YVSOXLUIMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODLAI6F3B0YVSPXLUIQFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTQYMVJRGODL9I6F3B0YVSOXLUIQFNBK8H5D2AXUQZNWKSHPEMAJ7F4C1ZWTPYMUJRGOCL9I6E3BYVROXLTIQENBK8G5D2AXUQZNVKSHPDMAJ7F4C0ZWSPYMUJRFOCL9H6E3BYUROWLTIQENBJ8G5D1AXTQYNVKSGPDMAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUJRFOCK9H6E2BYURZOWLTHQENBJ8G4D1AWTQYNVJSGPDLAI7F3C0YVSPXMUIRFNCK9H5E2BXURZOWKTHQEMBJ8G4D1ZWTQYNVJSGODLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK8H5E2AXURZNGPDLAI7F3C0YVSPXMUIRFNCK9H5E2BXURZOWKTHQEMBJ8G4D1ZWTQYNVJSGODLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMBJ7G4C1ZWTQYMVJSGODL9I6F3B0YVSOXLUIQFNCK8H5D2AXURZNWKSHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGOCL9I6E3B0YVROXLTIQFNBK8G5D2AXUQZNWKSHPDMAJ7F4C1ZWSPYMUJRGOCL9H6E3BYVROWLTIQENBK8G5D1AXTQZNVKSGPDMAI7F4C0ZVSPXMUJRFOCL9H6E2BYUROWLTHQENBJ8G5D1AWTQYNRGOCL9H6E3BYVROWLTIQENBK8G5D1AXTQZNVKSGPDMAI7F4C0ZWSPXMUJRFOCL9H6E2BYUROWLTHQENBJ8G5D1AWTQYNVKSGPDLAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUIRFOCK9H5E2BXURZOWLTHQEMBJ8G4D1AWTQYNVJSGPDLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK9H5E2AXURZOWKTHPEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODLAI6F3B0YVSPXLUIQFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGODL9I6E3B0YVSOXHPEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYMVJSGODLAI6F3B0YVSPXLUIQFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGODL9I6E3B0YVSOXLUIQFNBK8H5D2AXUQZNWKSHPEMAJ7F4C1ZWTPYMUJRGOCL9I6E3BYVROXLTIQENBK8G5D2AXTQZNVKSHPDMAI7F4C0ZWSPYMUJRFOCL9H6E3BYUROWLTIQENBJ8G5D1AXTQYNVKSGPDMAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUIRFOCK9H6E2BXURZOWLTHQENBJ8G4D1AWTUJRFOCL9H6E3BYUROWLTIQENBJ8G5D1AXTQYNVKSGPDMAI7F3C0ZVSPXMUIRFOCK9H6E2BYURZOWLTHQENBJ8G4D1AWTQYNVJSGPDLAI7F3C0YVSPXMUIRFNCK9H5E2BXURZOWKTHQEMBJ7G4D1ZWTQYNVJSGODLAI6F3C0YVSPXLUIRFNCK8H5E2AXURZNWKTHPEMBJ7G4C1ZWTQYMVJRGODL9I6F3B0YVSOXLUIQFNCK8H5D2AXURZNWKSHPEMAJ7G4C1ZWTPYMVJRGOCL9I6E3B0YVROXLTIQFNBK8G5D2AXUQZNVKSHPDMAJ7F4C0ZWSPYMUJRGOCL9H6E3BYVROWLTIQENBK8G5D1AXTQZNVKSGPDMAI7F4C0ZVSPXMUJRFOCK9H6E2BYURZOWLTHQENBF4C1ZWSPYMUJRGOCL9H6E3BYVROWLTIQENBK8G5
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