初中英语时态总结1

初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词6种时态的基本结构一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，和一般将来时态及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。1、一般现在时用法1现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如IGETUPATSIXEVERYMORNINGHEPLAYSTENNISONCEAWEEK2现在的状态。例如MYMOTHERISATEACHERSHETEACHESENGLISHINASCHOOL3）客观真理。例如THEEARTHGOESAROUNDTHESUN4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语OFTEN，USUALLY，SOMETIMES，ALWAYS，EVERYDAY，NEVER，INTHEMORNING等连用时。构成主语是I,WE,YOU,THEY和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是HE,SHE,IT和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下一般情况S以S,X,CH,SH,O结尾ES以辅音Y结尾变Y为IES主语为第三人称和名词单数时肯定式SV/动词的第三人称单数否定式SDONT/DOESNTV其他疑问式DO/DOESSV其他简略回答肯YES,SDO/DOES否NO,SDO/DOESNOT注意HAVE的第三人称单数为HAS主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数IAMASTUDENTWE/YOU/THEYARESTUDENTSHE/SHEISASTUDENTI/WE/YOU/THEY/LIKEMUSICMANYPEOPLELIKEMUSICIAMNOTASTUDENTWE/YOU/THEYARENOTSTUDENTSHE/SHEISNOTASTUDENTI/WE/YOU/THEY/DONTLIKEMUSICMANYPEOPLEDONTLIKEMUSICAREYOUASTUDENTAREYOU/THEYSTUDENTSISHE/SHEASTUDENTDOYOU/THEYLIKEMUSICDOMANYPEOPLELIKEMUSIC当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时肯定式SBE否定式SBENOT疑问式AM/IS/ARES简略回答肯YES,SBE否NO,SBE练习题1MAYIHELPYOU,SIRYES,IBOUGHTTHETVTHEDAYBEFOREYESTERDAY,BUTIT_ADIDNTWORKBDOESNTWORKCWONTWORKDCANTWORK2_THEBUSUNTILIT_AGETOFF,STOPSBGETOFF,WILLSTOPCDONTGETOFF,STOPSDDONTGETOFF,WILLSTOP3THE70YEAROLDMAN_EXERCISESINTHEMORNINGATAKESBARETAKINGCTOOKDWILLTAKE2现在进行时用法1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如SHEISHAVINGABATHNOW2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如YOUAREWORKINGHARDTODAYKATEWANTSTOWORKINITALY,SOSHEISLEARNINGITALIANTHEPOPULATIONOFTHEWORLDISGROWINGVERYFAST3）频度副词ALWAYS,FOREVER等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。如HEISALWAYSTRYINGOUTNEWIDEAS表示欣赏，表扬4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于GO,COME,ARRIVE,LEAVE,START,FLY,BEGIN,STAY等动词）。如THEPARTYISBEGINNINGAT800OCLOCK5常用于现在进行时态的时间状语NOW,LOOK,LISTEN等。构成BEVINGVING现在分词的构成一般情况COOKCOOKING以不发音字母E结尾的单词。去E,加INGMAKEMAKING,TASTETASTING以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时RUNRUNNING,STOPSTOPPING,2肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式肯定句SBEVING否定句SBENOTVING一般疑问句ISARESVING特殊疑问WH_BESVINGEG主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数IAMDRIVINGHE/SHE/ITISWORKINGWE/YOU/THEYAREDOINGSOMETHINGIAMNOTDRIVINGHE/SHE/ITISNOTWORKINGWE/YOU/THEYARENOTDOINGANYTHINGAREYOUDRIVINGISHE/SHE/ITWORKINGAREYOU/THEYDOINGSOMETHING练习题1IDONTTHINKTHATITSTRUESHES_LIESATELLBTELLSCTELLINGDTOLD2HOW_YOU_WITHTHENEWJOBADO,DOBDO,GETALONGCARE,DOINGDARE,GETTINGON3ARETHESESOCKSYOURSNOMINE_OUTSIDEONTHECLOTHESLINEAAREHANGINGBHAVEHUNGCHANGDHUNG3一般将来时用法1将要发生的动作。例如IWILLLEAVEFORBEIJINGTOMORROW2将要存在的状态。例如THISTIMENEXTYEARIWILLBEINJAPANWHEREWILLYOUBE3打算要做的事。例如AREYOUGOINGTOWATCHTHEFILMONTELEVISIONTONIGHT3常用于一般将来时的时间状语TOMORROWNEXTWEEKIN2012等。构成1助动词WILLSHALLV2BEGOINGTOV练习题1I_FORHONGKONGONSATURDAYWILLYOUGOTOSEEMEOFFATTHEAIRPORTAAMLEAVINGBAMLEFTCAMGOINGTOLEAVINGDLEFT2I_TOSEEGRANDMAANDHELPHERWITHSOMEHOUSEWORKEVERYWEEKACAMEBAMGOINGCOMECCOMEDWILLCOME3WECHINESE_THEOLYMPICGAMESIN2008AHELDBSHALLHOLDINGCAREHOLDINGDAREGOINGTOHOLD4一般过去时用法1过去发生的动作。例如THEPOLICESTOPPEDMEONMYWAYHOMELASTNIGHT2过去存在的状态。例如THEYWERENTABLETOCOMEBECAUSETHEYWERESOBUSY3常用于一般过去时的时间状语YESTERDAY，THREEMONTHSAGO，LASTYEAR，IN1979，等。构成SVED用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下一般情况ED以E字母结尾的辅音D以辅音字母Y结尾去Y变IED重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母ED2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以BE和LIKE为例）主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数IWASASTUDENTWE/YOU/THEYWERESTUDENTSHE/SHEWASASTUDENTI/WE/YOU/THEY/LIKEDMUSICMANYPEOPLELIKEDMUSICIWASNOTASTUDENTWE/YOU/THEYWERENOTSTUDENTSHE/SHEWASNOTASTUDENTI/WE/YOU/THEY/DIDNTLIKEMUSICMANYPEOPLEDIDNTLIKEMUSICWEREYOUASTUDENTWEREYOU/THEYSTUDENTSWASHE/SHEASTUDENTDIDYOU/THEYLIKEMUSICDIDMANYPEOPLELIKEMUSIC练习题1MRMOTTISOUTBUTHE_HEREAFEWMINUTESAGOAWASBISCWILLBEDWOULDBE2HI,TOMHELLO,FANCYI_YOUWEREHEREADONTKNOWBWONTTHINKCTHINKDDIDNTKNOW3HEPROMISEDTOTELLMEBYHIMSELFWHENI_ACOMEBWOULDCOMECCOMEDHADCOME5、过去进行时概念1过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。例如THISTIMELASTYEARIWASLIVINGINBRAZILWHATWEREYOUDOINGAT10OCLOCKLASTNIGHT2常用于过去进行时的时间状语ATFOURYESTERDAYAFTERNOON，THEN，ATTHATTIME/MOMENT等。构成WAS/WEREVING1）DADDYPROMISEDMEHE_MEACOMPUTERAWASBOUGHTBHADBOUGHTCBOUGHTDWOULDBUY2）THEYSAIDTHEY_DOSOMESPORTSIFITWASFINEAWEREGOINGTOBWENTCWOULDGOINGDWEREGOING6、现在完成时概念1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果常与ALREADY,JUST,EVER,NEVER,BEFORE等词连用如SHEHASNEVERREADTHISNOVEL2表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去常与FOR后跟段时间或SINCE后跟点时间等连用如IHAVEBEENAMEMBEROFTHEPARTYFOR10YEARSIHAVEBEENAMEMBEROFTHEPARTYSINCE10YEARSAGO注在有FOR和SINCE引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如HEHASDIEDFOR3YEARSFHEHASBEENDEADFOR3YEARST注现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如IN1998,LASTMORNING等HAVE/HASBEENTO表示“去过”（去了又回来了）HAVE/HASGONETO表示“去过”（去了没回来了）如WHEREHASSHEGONE句中所指的人不在WHEREHASSHEBEEN句中作指的人在构成HAVE/HASVING2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以BE和SEE为例）肯定句SHAVE（HAS）VED否定句SHAVE（HAS）NOTHAVENT,HASNTVED一般疑问句HAVEHASSVED特殊疑问句WH_HAVEHASSVED主语肯定式否定式疑问式第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数I/WE/YOU/THEYHAVEBEENHEREBEFOREHE/SHEHASBEENHEREBEFOREI/WE/YOU/THEY/MANYPEOPLEHAVESEENTHEFILMI/WE/YOU/THEYHAVENTBEENHEREBEFOREHE/SHEHASNTBEENHEREBEFOREI/WE/YOU/THEY/MANYPEOPLEHAVENTSEENTHEFILMHAVEYOU/THEYBEENHEREBEFOREHASHE/SHEBEENHEREBEFOREHAVEYOU/THEY/MANYPEOPLESEENTHEFILM练习题1HOWLONG_HE_AFEVEREVERSINCELASTNIGHTAHAVE,GOTBHAVE,HADCHAVE,CAUGHTDDID,HAVE2MYBOWLISEMPTYWHO_ALLMYSOUPADRINKSBHADDRUNKCHASDRUNKDDRANK3I_YOUFORALONGTIMEWHERE_YOU_ADIDNTSEENDID,GOBDIDNTSEEHAVE,GONECHAVENTSEENHAVE,BEENDHAVENTSEENHAVEGONE7、过去完成时态用法1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是“过去的过去”常与BYLASTYEAR,BYTHETIMEOFYESTERDAY,等连用。如SHESAIDSHEHADSEENTHEFILM4TIMESWHENMRLIGOTTOTHECLASSROOM,ALLTHESTUDENTSHADBEGUNREADINGBYTHETIMETHEYARRIVED,THEBUSHADLEFT2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动