句子简化50题句子简化50题2

句子简化分类练习50句 侯燕华句子简化题分类练习1. 对比1. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. (1)A. Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores. B. Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension. Water is held和large poresC. Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film. D. If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist. Water is held和large pores 2. Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment; an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(4)A. Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness. B. Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity. C. Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments. D. A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms. 3. Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（4）A. Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals. B. The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions. C. Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence. D. The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed. 4. At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（2）A. The animals found in the Tommotian fossil bed were once thought to belong to a variety of modern animal groups, but now they are thought to have descended from a single group. B. Animals in the Tommotian fossil beds were initially assigned to modern animal groups but are now thought to belong to groups that emerged and died out during the Cambrian period. C. Though at first they thought otherwise, paleontologists now agree that the animals in the Tommotian have body forms from which modern animals have descended. D. It is unclear whether the Tommotian fossils from the early Cambrian period represent unique body forms or whether they should be assigned to various modern animal groups. 原文强调but后面的观点， 5. Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（2）A. While American iron makers developed the latest furnaces, African iron makers continued using earlier techniques. B. Africans produced iron much earlier than Americans, inventing technologically sophisticated heating systems. C. Iron making developed earlier in Africa than in the Americas because of the ready availability of carbon and iron ore. D. Both Africa and the Americas developed the capacity for making iron early, but African metallurgy developed at a slower rate. 6. In 1972 paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge challenged conventional wisdom with an opposing viewpoint, the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis, which posits that species give rise to new species in relatively sudden bursts, without a lengthy transition period. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The punctuated equilibrium hypothesis challenged gradualism, which holds that species evolve in relatively sudden bursts of brief duration. B. The punctuated equilibrium hypothesis developed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge was challenged in 1972. C. In 1972 Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge challenged gradualism by positing that change from one species to another cannot occur without a lengthy transition period. D. The punctuate equilibrium hypothesis, in opposition to gradualism, holds that transitions from one species to another occur in comparatively sudden burst. 7. But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity, perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. （2）A. But detractors argue that geological activity may be responsible for the water associated with the terraces. B. But detractors argue that the terraces may have been formed by geological activity rather than by the presence of water. C. But detractors argue that the terraces may be related to geological forces in the Northern Hemisphere of Mars, rather than to Martian water in the south. D. But detractors argue that geological forces depressed the Northern Hemisphere so far below the level of the south that the terraces could not have been formed by water. 8. Perhaps the most serious concern about the transgenic crop plants currently in use is that they encourage farmers to move farther away from sustainable agricultural farming practices, meaning ones that allow natural resources to continually regenerate over the long run.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The transgenic crop plants currently in use are probably far behind the transgenic plants of the future in terms of their sustainability. B. Farmers who use transgenic crop plants are heading toward practices that allow natural resources to continually regenerate over the long run. C. Transgenic crop plants may be used in place of other, more sustainable agricultural practices, and this is perhaps their biggest disadvantage.D. Perhaps the most serious concern about the transgenic crop plants currently in use is the possibility that they may not be sustainable over the long run. 9. Egyptologists have noticed that the glyphs that constitute individual words were sometimes shuffled to make the text more pleasing to the eye with little regard for sound or sense.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in ht highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways of leave out essential information.A. Sometimes the appearance of texts was improved by giving more beautiful symbols to individual words even though the sound and sense of the changed words remained the same.B. The symbols for individual words were sometimes moved around in a text, regardless of these words meaning and sound, to make the text more beautiful.C. The glyphs used as symbols for individual words in texts were sometimes chosen more for their beauty than for their connection to sound or sense. D. For various reasons, individual glyphs were sometimes shuffled to make a text sound more pleasing, to make its sense clearer, or to make its appearance more beautiful. 2. 并列10. The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. (1)A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected. 11. Therefore, when observational assessment is used as a technique for studying infant perceptual abilities, care must be taken not to overgeneralize from the data or to rely on one or two studies as conclusive evidence of a particular perceptual ability of the infant.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Researchers using observational assessment techniques on infants must not over generalize and must base their conclusions on data from many studies. B. On the basis of the data from one or two studies, it seems that some infants develop a particular perceptual ability not observed in others. C. To use data from one or two studies on infants perceptual abilities, it is necessary to use techniques that will provide conclusive evidence.D. When researchers fail to make generalizations from their studies, their observed data is often inconclusive. 12. lnequalities of gender have also existed in pastoralist societies, but they seem to have been softened by the absence of steep hierarchies of wealth in most communities, and also by the requirement that women acquire most of the skills of men, including, often, their military skills.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? A. Despite the fact that wealth is relatively evenly distributed in pastoral societies, gender inequality still exists because only men can acquire military skills and social status. B. Inequalities of gender existed in pastoralist societies until most communities began to require women to possess the same skills as men and take part in the military. C. Inequalities of gender in pastoralist societies were caused by steep hierarchies of wealth and differences in military training between men and women. D. In pastoral societies, gender inequality is comparatively mild because wealth is relatively evenly distributed and women have to learn most of the same skills that men do. 13. In the second case, pollinators (insects, birds) obtain food from the flowering plant, and the plant has its pollen distributed and seeds dispersed much more efficiently than they would be if they were carried by the wind only.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(1)A. The relationship between flowering plants and pollinators provides pollinators with food and flowers with efficient reproduction. B. In some cases birds obtain food from the seeds that are dispersed in the wind.C. The wind not only helps the flowers distribute their seeds but enables birds to find more food. D. Animals and insects are more effective in distributing pollen and seeds than the wind. 14. Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass.Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(4)A. Insects feed only on dead cordgrass, while most other marsh inhabitants feed on live cordgrass. B. The marsh is a good habitat for insects, but a relatively poor one for birds and animals. C. Although cordgrass provides food for birds and animals, it gives insects both food and a place to live. D. Cordgrass provides food for numerous insects, birds, and other animals. 15. The growth of the electric-power industry was the result of a remarkable series of scientific discoveries and development in electrotechnology during the nineteenth century, but significant changes in what we might now call hydro (water) technology also played their part.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The growth of the electric-power industry stimulated significant changes in hydro technology and scientific progress in electrotechnology in the nineteenth century. B. The changes in hydro technology that led to the growth of the electric-power industry also led to discoveries and developments in electrotechnology in the nineteenth century. C. Advances in electrotechnology in the nineteenth century and changes in hydro technology were responsible for the growth of the electric-power industry. D. In the nineteenth century, the scientific study of electrotechnology and hydro technology benefited greatly from the growth of the electric-power industry. 16. Pioneer species those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently. B. Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively. C. Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization. D. Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because they produce very large number of seeds. 17. The number of colonies in the study area was not limited by availability of suitable trees, and a clumped or regular distribution of colonies was not due to an underlying clumped or regular distribution of potential nest sites.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The limited number of colonies was not due to the distribution or availability of potential nesting sites.B. There was no lack of suitable trees or potential nesting sites in the study area. C. The number of nests was directly related to the number or the distribution of suitable trees. D. Neither the number nor the distribution of colonies could be explained by the availability of suitable nest sites. 18. While some of these urban centers were identified with a particular economic function, such as proximity to gold or iron deposits or a strategic location on a major trade route, others served primarily as administrative centers or the site of temples for the official cult or other ritual observances.Which of the sentences below best expresses