高中英语必修四第二单元

B4 unit2一 重点单词1. hunger(n.& v)饥饿，欲望；(使)饥饿【拓展】hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望的If crops are destroyed, thousands of people may go hungry.2. sunburnt (adj.) 晒黑的3. expand (vt.& vi.) 伸展，使变大【拓展】(1)expand into把扩展(发展、膨胀) expand on/upon阐述，详谈(2)expansion n扩大，扩张，扩展 expansive adj.广阔的，易扩张的，易膨胀的【辨析】expand, extend, spread, stretchexpand“展开，扩大”，不仅尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。extend“伸出，延伸”，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。spread“伸展，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如疾病传播，散布信息等。stretch“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。4. freedom (n.) 自主，自由5. export (vt.& vi.) 输出，出口6. chemical (adj.) 化学的【常用搭配】the chemical industry化学工业 chemical weapon化学武器【拓展】chemist n.药剂师；化学家 chemistry n. 化学chemistry teacher化学老师7. confuse (vt.) 使迷惑，使为难(1) confuse A and (with)B把A和B混淆了 be/get confused with对感到困惑confused adj.迷乱的，感到迷惑的confusing adj.难以理解的，不清楚的，莫名其妙的(2)confuse指“使混乱，糊涂”，强调使人混淆而迷乱。puzzle是“使迷惑”，多指某一复杂的事件或困难的问题“使迷惑”。8. mineral (n.) 矿物，矿石9. reduce (vt.) 减少，减缩【拓展】(常用于被动语态)(1)reduce sth.to.减少到 reduce sth.by.减少了(2)reduction n缩小；减少make a reduction减价10. level (n.) 水平，程度11. whatever (adv.) 无论什么12. summary (n.) 摘要，总结，概要13. exchange (v.) 交换14. certain (adj.) 确定的15. output (n.) 产量，输出16. circulate (vt.& vi.) 循环，流传【常用搭配】circulate about在附近流传 circulate among在中流传【拓展】circulation n. 流通；循环；发行量in circulation 在流通；在运行out of circulation（书、货币等）不再发行putinto circulation使流通（发行）17. struggle (vt.& vi.) 斗争；拼搏，努力【常用搭配】struggle for sth. 为争取而斗争/奋 struggle against为反对.而斗争 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 struggle to ones feet挣扎着站起来18. grain (n.) 谷物，粮食，颗粒19.suitable(adj.) 合适的20.equip (vt.& vi.) 装备，配备(1)be equipped with.equip.with.用装备equip sth.on.在上装备某物to be specially equipped装备独特equip sb.for.使某人具有 be well/poorly equipped装备精良地/差地(2)equipment nU设备，器材a useful piece of equipment for.一件有用的设备21. super adj. 特级的；超级的；极好的【拓展】super star 超级明星super model超级模特super power超级大国22. regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n遗憾；懊悔【常用搭配】(1)regret doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to do sth.(常和tell，say，inform等词连用)对将要做某事表示遗憾regret that. 遗憾(2)with great/deep regret很遗憾（much）to ones regret让某人感到(很)遗憾的是It is to be regretted that. 使人遗憾的是【拓展】remember to do sth.记得去做某事remember doing sth记得做过某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事23.production n. 生产；产量；制造【常用搭配】production costs/process 生产成本/过程 go into (full) production 开始（大量）生产/投产【辨析】production, product, produceproduction作不可数名词时指生产过程，通常是在人的帮助下或在工厂中进行；作可数名词时指供剧院、电视台或广播台等上演或播放的戏剧、电影等。product作可数名词时常指工厂制造的用来出售的产品，或用来出售的自然产物，如木材、煤等。produce作不可数名词时指销售时未经多大改变的农产品。Demand for products like coal and steel is declining.Local people come to the market each day to sell their ment n.议论；评论 v.表达意见；作出评论【常用搭配】make comments 表达意见；评论 comment on/upon就表达意见/作出评论一 重点词组1. rid.of摆脱；除去【拓展】get/be rid of免除；摆脱 rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事 inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事cure sb.of a disease医好某人的病2.thanks to幸亏，由于；因为Thanks to your help, we finished the task ahead of time.【拓展】 thanks to可表达正面意思，也可以表达讽刺意味。它构成的短语在句中作状语时，大多放在句首。Thanks to his kindness, more than twenty people can stay with their families now.Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled.3. be satisfied with.对感到满意【拓展】be satisfied to do sth.对做某事感到满意 be satisfied that（某人）确信 to ones satisfaction使某人满意的是 with satisfaction 满意地4. would rather宁愿；宁可；最好would rather没有人称和数的变化，它通常用以以下三种句型：(1) would rather+动词原形You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.(2) would rather dothan do/would dorather than do宁愿做不愿做.I would rather stay at home than go out on Sunday.(3) would rather(that) sb. did sth./had done sth.宁愿某人做某事（从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气）5. with the hope of带着的希望【拓展】in the hope of doing希望做 in the hope that希望；期待 with the purpose of 怀有的目的with the intention of有的意向6. make a difference有作用；有影响【拓展】make no difference 没有作用；没有影响；不重要 make a difference between区别对待，不同样对待7. be related to与有关系/联系【拓展】 “与有关系”的短语还有：be connected with, be concerned with8. lead to导致；造成(后果)；通往，通向（to为介词）【常用搭配】lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事lead/live/have a.life过着样的生活lead o带某人进入lead the way引路，带路9. in need of需要【拓展】in need在危难中，在危急中 there is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事10. focus on集中（注意力、精力等）于；（使）调节焦距【拓展】concentrate on 集中于，专注于 put ones heart into全神贯注于 fix ones eyes/attention on/upon集中目光/注意力于11. keep free from/of使免受（影响、伤害等）；使.不含（有害物）倍数的表达法：A is +倍数+比较级+than BA is +倍数+as+adj.+as BA is +倍数+the+名词（size, length, width, height, depth, weight等）+of BAsia is three times larger than Europe.Asia is four times as large as Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.every few years意为“每隔几年”。Every与数词连用，表示“每.,每隔”表示时间或空间的间隔。具体用法如下：every + 基数词 +复数名词every + 序数词 + 单数名词every + other + 单数名词every + few + 复数名词every four years=every fourth year每四年（每隔三年）every other day/year/line每隔一天/年/行【辨析】for example, such as, namelyfor example作为独立成分插入句中，位置灵活such as用来列举（一类）事，放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as之后不能有逗号（列举部分事例）。The money is used to buy basic foods such as flour, rice, and ly用来列举全部事例，放在列举事物的前面。(1)prefer意为“更喜欢”【常用搭配】prefer to do/doing sth.更喜欢做某事 preferto与比较起来更喜欢 prefer to dorather than do宁愿做也不做prefer sb. to do sth.更愿意/喜欢某热门做某事四写作导与练英语的惯用句型(1)在英语中，有很多惯用句型和结构，而高考又要求用它们来写作，为此从本单元起，“写作步步高”将介绍一些英语的惯用句型和结构。句型1 It must be pointed out that.必须指出的是It must be pointed out that it is one of our basic State policies to control population growth.必须指出的是：控制人口增长是我国的一项基本国策。句型2 It must be kept in mind that.必须记住的是It must be kept in mind that there is no other secret of success but hard work.句型3 As is known to all.大家都知道As is known to all，knowledge is power.句型4 It is hard to say.很难说Its hard to say whether the plan is practical.句型5 There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties.句型6 To tell the truth.说实话To tell the truth，many mistakes we made could have been avoided.句型7 As we know.我们知道As we know，it was not until recently that the problem was solved.句型8 As far as we know.就我们所知As far as we know，it took him more than a year to write the book.句型9 It has been proved that.已经证实It has been proved that his theory is right.句型10 Have you considered doing.?你有没有考虑过做？Have you considered going abroad to study? As we all know it, many children have to spend their weekends and holidays attendingvarious training courses though they are unwilling to. Thats why their parents dont want him to fall behind at the starting line. Instead, they hope their children are equipping with asmany skills as possible. Therefore they wont lose face when comparing their children withothers. Beside, they are sure these extra classes will help their children standing out and become more competitive in the future. Actually, it was unwise to force children to do thatthey dont like. Too many training classes will be heavy burden for children. Parentsshouldnt push their children too hardly.A Leap（跳跃）to HonorLeaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.To perfect her skills, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.Thats especially impressive. 37 she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and cant 38 how far away things are.When she was little, her mom 39 that even though she couldnt see 40 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the 41 right away and gymnastics became her favorite.Though learning gymnastics has been more 42 for her than for some of her tournaments, she has never quit. She doesnt let her 43 stop her from doing anything that she wants to.She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest 44 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees to beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to 45 your mind that itll take you where you want to go.” says Lola.To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most 46 for anyone because its four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didnt fall 47 the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10-her highest score yet.Lola doesnt want to be 48 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges dont know about her vision 49 . She doesnt tell them, because she doesnt think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 50 attitude.Lola never thinks about 51 . She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 52 is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what shes learned to other kids 53 she grew up.Lola is 54 of all her hard work and success. She says its helped