ppt展示English-Speech.ppt

EnglishSpeech(英语演讲),西方人把“舌头、美元和电脑”当作当今的“三大战略武器”；刘勰在文心雕龙论说中写道“一人之辩，重于九鼎之宝，三寸之舌，强于百万之师”之说；著名演说家林肯曾说：“口才辅佐事业成功。”里根的“口价”每小时6万美金。由此可见，对于立志成为开拓型、创造型、复合型的青年人来说，英语口才显得尤其重要。,Halftheworldiscomposedofpeoplewhohavesomethingtosayandcant;theotherhalfhavenothingtosayandkeepsayingit.,1.演讲的界说,指在特定的时空环境中，以有声语言和相应的体态语言为手段，公开向听众传递信息，表述见解，阐明事理，抒发感情，以期达到感召听众的目的。,2.演讲的特征,a)演讲是一种具有现实性和艺术性的社会实践活动b)演讲必须在特定的时空环境中进行c)演讲离不开有声语言与体态语言,3.演讲的社会功能,政治斗争的有力武器经济活动的理想筹码传播知识的有效途径人才考核的重要尺度,美国的大学，不管是理工科还是文史类，都把基础作文法和演讲学规定为必修。日本、新加坡等国规定：政府工作人员要进行3个月到半年的演讲训练才能上岗工作。,4.演讲类型,可从目的、场合、内容、表现手法、演讲者的身份、准备情况等角度划分。MemorizedSpeech:背诵讲稿，演说时凭记忆讲出；ExtemporeSpeech:以纸条写下讲稿提纲，演讲时偶尔拿出参考；ImpromptuSpeechorExtemporaneousspeaking:毫无准备的即兴演讲；,5.备稿演讲（PreparedSpeech）,-“工欲善其事，必先利其器。”1）演讲稿的特征：声传性（口语化的文章）；临场性；整体性。2）演讲稿的结构：“凤头豹尾”“虎头蛇尾”,A.Introduction,(1)设问式开头(2)叙事式开头AbrahamLincolnsGettysburgAddresseg1.Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.,(3)解题式开头(4)明旨式开头eg2.RonaldReaganleadsthenationinmourningforthesevenastronautskilledintheSpaceShuttleChallengerExplosion,Washington,D.C.,January28,1986.Ladiesandgentlemen:IdplannedtospeaktoyoutonighttoreportonthestateoftheUnion,buttheeventsofearliertodayhaveledmetochangethoseplans.Todayisadayformourningandremembering.NancyandIarepainedtothecorebythetragedyoftheshuttleChallenger.Weknowwesharethispainwithallofthepeopleofourcountry.Thisistrulyanationalloss.,(5)抒情式开头eg3.Iamhappytojoinwithyoutodayinwhatwillgodowninhistoryasthegreatestdemonstrationforfreedominthehistoryofournation.(IHaveaDream)(6)示物式开头,B.BodyC.Conclusion,(1)总结式结尾(2)感召式结尾eg4.Andletmesaytoeveryonelisteningorwatchingtonight:Whenthetroopswevesentinfinishtheirwork,Imdeterminedtobringthemhomeassoonaspossible.Tonight,asourforcesfight,theyandtheirfamiliesareinourprayers.MayGodblesseachandeveryoneofthem,andthecoalitionforcesatoursideintheGulf,andmayHecontinuetoblessournation,theUnitedStatesofAmerica.,(3)抒情式结尾(4)警言式结尾(5)呼应式结尾eg5.ThecrewofthespaceshuttleChallengerhonoredusbythemannerinwhichtheylivedtheirlives.Wewillneverforgetthem,northelasttimewesawthem,thismorning,astheypreparedfortheirjourneyandwavedgoodbye,andslippedthesurlybondsofearthtotouchthefaceofGod.,6.即兴演讲(ImpromptuSpeech),Animpromptuspeechisonedeliveredonthespurofthemomentwithnospecificpreparation.即兴演讲的特点：演讲者依据现场感受，临时发表演讲，靠的是“临阵磨枪”，准备仓促。主题单一，篇幅短小，容量有限，时间短促，往往只有三、五分钟。从字数上来说，只有三、五百字左右。由于即兴演讲的场合特殊，发言时间又不能过长，所以特别要做到立意深刻、内容新颖、构思敏捷、语言简洁。,7.演讲技巧,1）克服心理障碍，树立演讲的自信心TheodoreRoosevelt,“Everynewpublicspeakerwillfeelnervous.Nervousnessdoesntmeancowardice,butanexceedingstimulateinnervousness.”2)准备周全，有备无患AbrahamLincoln,“Amancantmakeasystematicspeechwithoutfullpreparation,eventhoughhemaybecapable.”,Hewhofailstoplanisplanningforfailure.,1.Speaker2.Message3.Audience4.Channel5.Feedback6.Noise7.Setting,Asaspeakeryoushouldanalyzeyourlistenersandthendecidehowtopresentyourideas.,Thisanalysismightincludeconsiderationsrelatedto:-Age-Sex-MaritalStatus-Race-Geographiclocation-Groupmembership-Education-Career,3)口齿要清晰，语音语调要准确、流畅、自然；停顿、节奏要明朗；语速、音高和声音刚柔要处理恰当，尽可能给听众一种美的享受。4)巧用人称代词，拉近与听众的距离。MyfellowAmericansYou,your,Youshould,Youmust,5)避免过多使用主观色彩太强的词句。Ithink,Ifeel,Iamsure,Maybe,Theysayetc.6）使用短句比长句更佳。7）巧妙运用英语中的修辞手段。,a)WeleftAmericasafe,weleftAmericasecure,weleftAmericafreestillabeaconofhopetomankind,stillalightuntonations.(RonaldReagan)b)Nowisthetimetomakerealthepromisesofdemocracy.Nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitofracialjustice.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandofracialinjusticetothesolidrockofbrotherhood.(MartinLutherKing)c)Wewillbecandid,consistent,andconfident.(GeralFord)d)Thetaskisheavy,thetoilislong,andthetrialswillbesevere.(WinstonChurchill),8.演讲的评议,1)演讲的内容：主要评议演讲的主题、材料、结构。主题是灵魂；材料是血肉；结构是骨架。（50%）Wewilldealnotsomuchwithspeechesthatsoundgoodaswithspeechesthataregoodandsound.Notsomuchwithspeechesthatbringpeopletotheirfeetaswithspeechesthatbringpeopletotheirsenses.(MarioCuomo),2)有声语言表达技巧：主要评议文词、发音和可闻度。文词要求准确、鲜明、生动，“上口入耳”，优美风趣；发音要求准确清晰、清亮圆润，符合英语发音规范；可闻度要求声音洪亮，声调抑扬顿挫，富有感情，有强烈的感染力。（20%）,3)体态语言表达技巧：主要评议眼神运用、面部表情、手势动作、举止仪表。（20%）4）现场效果：主要考察演讲者的控场能力，考察演讲者如何利用听众的反馈信息进行增删调整，使演讲顺利进行。（10%）,Summary,Aspeechneedstimetogrow.Prepareforweeks,sleeponit,dreamaboutitandletyourideassinkintoyoursubconscious.Askyourselfquestions,writedownyourthoughts,andkeepaddingnewideas.Asyouprepareeveryspeechaskyourselfthefollowingquestions.,1.Inoneconcisesentence,whatisthepurposeofthisspeech?2.Whoistheaudience?Whatistheirmaininterestinthistopic?3.WhatdoIreallyknowandbelieveaboutthistopicasitrelatestothisaudience?4.WhatadditionalresearchcanIdo?,5.Whatarethemainpointsofthispresentation?6.WhatsupportinginformationandstoriescanIusetosupporteachofmymainpoints?7.Whatvisualaids,ifany,doIneed?8.DoIhaveaneffectiveopeninggrabber?,9.Inmyfinalsummary,howwillIplantotellthemWhatsInItForMe?10.HaveIpolishedandpreparedthelanguageandwordsIwilluse?11.HaveIpreparedawrittenandconciseintroductionformyself?12.HaveItakencareofthelittledetailsthatwillhelpmespeakmoreconfidently?,9.SomeTitlesforpreparedspeeches,FastFoodinChinaMyExperienceasanEnglishLearnerIsStressaBadThing?TheQualitiesofthe21-CenturyTalentsTheProblemofJuvenileDelinquencyStudyingAbroadTheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofInternetHuntingforaJobonInternetWhatMakesLifeWorthwhile?,WhatMakesLifeWorthwhile?ReadingSelectivelyorExtensivelyOftheLimitationofBookKnowledgeCollegelecturesand