数学常用词汇中英文对照——数学词汇整理

数学常用词汇中英文对照Mathematical vocabulary 一、代数部分(Algebra part)1、有关计算some basic operationaddd，pluspls加subtractsbtrkt减differencedifrns差multiplymltiplai,timestamz乘productprdkt积dividedivaid除divisibledvzbl可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividenddividend，美dvdnd 被除数divisordvaz 因子，除数quotientkwnt商remainderrimeind 余数factorialfkt:ril阶乘powerpau 乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号round to四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合setsEmpty emptisets 空集Subsetsbset 子集Intersectionintsekn 交集unionju:njn 并集 complementkmplimnt 补集properprp subset真子集 solution slu:nset解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式(algebraic expression, equation and inequalities)algebraic termldibreiik t:m代数项likelaik terms,similarsimil terms同类项numerical coefficientnju:merikl kfnt数字系数literal coefficientlitrl kfnt字母系数inequalitynkwlti: 不等式triangle inequalitytrail nkwlti:三角不等式rangereind值域original equationridinl ikwein 原方程equivalent equationikwivlnt ikwein同解方程 等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5x+6=22)Binomialbainumil 【GMAT】二项式 Trinomial trainumjl 【GMAT】三相式Complete quadratic kwdrtikequationikwein 【GMAT】完全二次方程 Complementary kmplmentri:, -tri: function 【GMAT】余函数 Equivalencekwvlns relation 【GMAT】等价关系 Factorable quadratic kwdrtikequation 【GMAT】可因式分解的二次方程 Incompletenkmpli:t quadratic equation 【GMAT】不完全二次方程 be equivalent ikwivlnt to anther equation【GRE】与另一方程痛解clear an equation of fractionsfrkns分式方程整式化like(similar) termslaik t:ms 同类项unlikenlaik terms非同类项【GRE】numerical coefficientnju:merikl kfnt 【GRE】数字系数4.有关分数和小数（fraction and decimal）proper prpfractionfrkn真分数impropermprp fraction假分数mixed numbermkst nmb带分数vulgar fractionvl frkn，commonkmn fraction普通分数simplesimpl fraction简分数complexkmpleks fraction繁分数numeratornu:mret, nju:- 分子denominatordnmnet分母(least)common denominator（li:st）kmn dnmnet (最小)公分母quarterkw:t四分之一decimal fractiondesiml frkn纯小数infinite decimalinfinit desiml 无穷小数recurring decimalrikri desiml 循环小数tenthsunit十分位Equivalentikwivlnt fractionsfrkn 【GMAT】等值分数 Mixedmkst 【GMAT】decimal 混合小数 cancellationknslen【GRE】约掉，消掉calculate to three decimal places计算结果保留三位小数invertinv:t a fractionfrkn【GRE】求一个分数的倒数5.基本数学概念(elementary mathematical concepts)arithmetic meanrimtik mi:n 算术平均值weighted averageweitid vrid 加权平均值geometricdi:metrk mean几何平均数exponentekspunnt指数，幂basebeis 乘幂的底数,底边cubekju:b 立方数，立方体squareskw rootru:t 平方根cube rootkju:b ru:t 立方根common logarithml:grm, lg- 常用对数digitdidit 数字constantknstnt 常数variablevribl， veribl变量inversefunction反函数complementarykmplmentri:, -tri: functionfkn余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolute valuebslu:t vlju绝对值，e.g.-32=32round offraund,f四舍五入mean proportionalprp:nl【GRE】比例中项to the nearest 10% 精确到10%6.有关数论(numbers)naturalntrl，ntrl numbernmb，nmb(r) 自然数positivepzitiv number正数negativenetiv number负数odd integerd ntd ,odd number奇数eveni:vn integer,even number偶数 integer,whole numberhul nmb 整数positive pzitivwhole number正整数negativenetiv whole number负整数consecutiveknsekjutiv，knsekjtv number连续整数real ril，rilnumber,rationalrnl number实数,有理数irrationalrnl(number)无理数nonzeronnziru非零；非零的【GRE】 inversenv:s, nv:s倒数compositekmpzit number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15primepraim number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15reciprocalrisiprkl 倒数common divisorkmn dvaz公约数multiplemltipl倍数(least)common multiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor（praim）fkt(质)因子common factor公因子Complex conjugate kndeit【GMAT】 复共轭 ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegativennnetiv 非负的tenstens十位unitsju:nit个位modemud众数medianmi:di:n 中数common ratioreiiu公比Infinity nfnti: 【GMAT】无穷大 Infinitesimal nfntesml【GMAT】无穷小 aliquotlikwt除得尽数【GRE】aliquant除不尽数【GRE】7.数列(sequence)arithmeticrimtik progression(sequencesi:kwns )等差数列geometricdi:metrk progressionprgren(sequence)等比数列8.其它(others)approximateprksimit近似approximatelyprksimitli 【GRE】近似的，大约的approximationprksmen 【GRE】近似，近似值(anti)clockwise（nti）klkwaiz(逆)顺时针方向cardinalk:dinl基数 ordinal:dnl序数direct proportiondirekt prp:n正比 distinctdistikt不同的estimationestmen 估计，近似parentheses括号proportionprp:n比例permutationp:mjten排列combinationkmbinein组合probabilityprbbiliti 概率，或然率distributiondistribju:n分布normal distributionn:ml distribju:n 正态分布 graphr:f 图表bar brgraph条形统计图histogramhisturm 柱形统计图broken line graphbrukn lain折线统计图curvek:v，kv/ diagramdairm曲线统计图piepai diagram扇形统计图Numerical nju:merikl analysis【GMAT】 数值分析 Mutually exclusive iksklu:siv【GMAT】互相排斥Standard stndd deviationdeviation di:vi:en 【GMAT】标准方差 Algebra ldibr 代数学【GRE】algebraic expressionikspren【GRE】代数式algebraic ldibreiikterm 【GRE】代数项assume thatsju:m【GRE】假定义at randomrndm【GRE】随机地round bracketsraund brkt ;parenthesesprenss圆括号【GRE】squareskw brackets方括号【GRE】bracesbreisiz 花括号【GRE】几 何 部 分 (Geometry part)1.所有的角(angles)alternate:lt:nit anglel内错角correspondingkrispndi，krspnd angle同位角vertical v:tiklangle对顶角central sentrlangle圆心角interiorintiri angle内角exteriorekstiri angle外角supplementspliment aryangles补角complement kmplimntaryangle余角adjacentdeisnt angle邻角acute kju:tangle锐角obtuse btu:s, -tju:s, b- angle钝角right raitangle直角roundraund angle周角straight streitangle平角included nklu:ddangle夹角Exterior angles on the same side of the transversaltrnzv:sl【GMAT】同旁外角 at right angles glzwith与成直角【GRE】be perpendicularp:pndkjl to【GRE】垂直于2.所有的三角形(triangle)trail equilaterali:kwltrl, ekw- triangle等边三角形scaleneskeli:n, skeli:n triangle不等边三角形isoscelesassli:z triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribednskrabt triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外 (plain graph)semicirclesems:kl半圆concentriccirclesknsentrk s:kl 同心圆eccentric偏心圆，；不同圆心的【GRE】quadrilateralkwdrltrl 四边形pentagonpentgn五边形hexagonheksgn六边形heptagonheptn 七边形octagonktgn八边形nonagonnnn 九边形decagondekgn十边形polygonpli:gn 多边形parallelogramprlelgrm平行四边形equilaterali:kwltrl, ekw- 等边形planeplein平面squareskw正方形，平方rectanglerektl 长方形regular polygonrejul pli:gn 正多边形rhombusrmbs 菱形trapezoidtrpizid梯形4.其它平面图形(others)arc:k 弧linelain ,straight line直线line segmentsemnt 线段parallel prlellines平行线segment of a circles:kl 弧形secantsi:knt割线【GRE】segmentsemnt 【GRE】弓形；部分transversaltrnzv:sl横截线【GRE】e.g. of parallel lines5.有关立体图形(solid figure)cube立方体，立方数rectangularrektjul solidslid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedronplihedrn正多面体circular cylinders:kjul silind圆柱体conecone圆锥spheresfi 球体solidslid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物(adjunct) altitudeltitju:d 高depthdep深度side边长circumferenceskmfrns,perimeterprmt周长radianreidjn弧度surface areas:fisri 表面积volumevlju:m体积arm:m直角三角形的股cros ssection横截面center of acircle圆心chordk:d 弦radiusreidjs半径angle bisectorbasekt, basek- 角平分线diagonaldagnl对角线diameterdaimit 直径edgeed 棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenusehaptnu:s, -ju:s斜边included side夹边legle三角形的直角边medianofatrianglemi:dj,nfeitrail 三角形的中线basebeis 底边，底数(e.g.2的5次方，2就是底数)oppositepzit直角三角形中的对边midpointmidpint中点endpointendpint端点vertexv:teks (复数形式vertices)顶点tangenttndnt切线的transversaltrnzv:sl截线interceptntsept截距vertexv:teks顶点【GRE】7.有关坐标(coordinate) coordinate ku:dineitsystem坐标系rectangular coordinaterektjul ku:dineit直角坐标系originridin原点X-coordinateku:dineit【GRE】X坐标abscissabss 横坐标Y-coordinateku:dineitY坐标【GRE】ordinate:dnt, -et纵坐标numberline数轴quadrantkwdrnt,kwd-象限slopeslup斜率complex planeplein 复平面8.其它(others)plane geometrydimitri平面几何trigonometrytrgnmtri: 三角学bisectbasekt, basekt平分circumscribes:kmskrab外切inscribes:kmskrab内切intersectntsekt相交perpendicularp:pndkjl垂直pythagorean theoremi:rm, rm勾股定理congruentkgru:nt, kngru:- 全等的multilateralmltltrl多边的Clockwiseklkwaiz 【GMAT】顺时钟方向 Counterclockwisekantklkwaz 【GMAT】逆时钟方向bisectbasekt, basekt 【GRE】把二等分bo