物流英语Text6ppt课件

.,1,Text6DesignConsiderationsinWarehousing,KeyTermswarehousingdesign仓储设计warehouselayout仓库布局fixedslotlocationsystem固定货位系统variableslotlocationsystem流动货位系统labor-intensive劳动力密集的mechanization机械化automation自动化,.,2,Everyuserofwarehousingfacilitywantsittooperatewithhighestefficiencypossible.Buttoachievethisgoal,weneedtotakeseriousconsiderationswiththewarehousingdesign.,.,3,GeneralConsiderationsofWarehousingDesign,Onecommon-sensepieceofadviceisthatpriortodesigningawarehouse,thequantityandcharacterofgoodstobehandledmustbeknown.Besides,thefrequencywithwhichitispickedandwhetheritisfastorslowmovingcomparingtootheritemsalsoneedtobeconsidered.,.,4,Forexample,thefastmovingproducthastobeplacedclosedtowhereorderselectorsgotopickthem,inanefforttoreducewalkingtime.,.,5,Asecondcommon-sensepieceofadviceisthatisimportantforanorganizationtoknowthepurposetobeservedbythefacility,becauserelativeemphasisplacedonthestorageanddistributionfunctionsaffectswarehouselayout.,.,6,Astoragefacilitywithlowrateofproductturnovershouldbelaidoutinawaythatmaximizetheutilizationofthecapacityofthestoragefacility.Adistribution-orientedfacilityattemptstomaximizethroughputratherthanstorage.,.,7,Trade-offs,Trade-offsmustbemadeamongspace,labor,andmechanizationwithrespecttowarehousingdesign.Fixedvs.VariableslotlocationsWithfixedslotlocation,eachSKU(stockkeepingunit)haspermanentslotsassignedtoit,sothepickersalwaysknowwhereacertainSKUislocated.,.,8,Avariableslotlocationsysteminvolvesemptyslotsbeingassignedtoincomingproductsbasedonspaceavailability.Althoughitcanachievemoreefficientspaceutilization,itrequiresadvancedinformationsystemtokeeptrackoftheproductlocation.,.,9,Buildout(horizontal)vs.Buildup(vertical),Ageneralruleofthumbisthatitischeapertobuildupthanbuildout,particularlyincertainlocationwherelandisexpensive.However,ahigherwarehouseneedsspecialequipmentsuchashigh-stackingtruck,whichgenerallycostmorethantheconventionalequipment.,.,10,Labor-intensivevs.Mechanizationvs.Automation,Sincelaborcostcontinuestoincrease,manyorganizationsarelookingforthepropermixoflabor,mechanization,andautomationintheirwarehousingfacilities.,.,11,Trueautomationreferstoanabsenceofhumanintervention,suchasAGVs(automaticguidedvehicles),whilemechanizationreferstoequipmentthatcomplete,ratherthanreplacemanualwork.,.,12,Whichwayismoreeconomicalmostlydependsonthevolumeofgoods.Sinceautomationisveryhighfixed-costoption,sufficientvolumeisneededtomakeitcost-effective.Oneexpertsuggeststhatthisoptionbecomeeconomicalonlywhenafacilityhandlesatleast50000cartonsperday.,.,13,.,14,Spacedevotedtoaislesvs.Spacedevotedtostorage,Asaislesspaceincreases,storagecapacitydecreases.Wideraislesmakeiteasiertooperatemechanicalequipment,andreducethechancesofaccidentsandproductdamage,buttheyincreasethetraveldistanceswithinafacility.,.,15,Narroweraislescanincreasethespaceutilizationofafacilitybutoftenrequirespecialequipments,suchasanarrow-aislelifttrucktodoso.,.,16,窄巷道叉车,.,17,Picker-to-partvs.Part-to-picker,Inpicker-to-partsystem,anorderpickergetstowhereapartislocated,withforkliftorothervehicle.Inpart-to-pickersystems,thepartsarebroughttothepickerwithcarouselsorconveyor.Thetwosystemsinvolvestrade-offsbetweenhumanandmechanizedtraveltime.,.,18,输送机,.,19,Notes:,1.Onecommon-sensepieceofadviceisthatpriortodesigningawarehouse,thequantityandcharacterofgoodstobehandledmustbeknown.一个常识性的建议就是在进行仓库的设计之前应该对此仓库将要处理的货物的性质和数量有所认识。2.Astoragefacilitywithlowrateofproductturnovershouldbelaidoutinawaythatmaximizetheutilizationofthecapacityofthestoragefacility.一个货物周转率低的储存设施在布局上应该做到最大化地利用它的存储容积。,.,20,3.Withfixslotlocationsystem,eachSKUhaspermanentslotsassignedtoit,sothepickersalwaysknowwhereacertainSKUislocated.固定货位系统给每个库存单位货物分派一个固定的货位，因此拣货员总能知道某个库存单位的位置。4.Sinceautomationisaveryhighfixed-costoption,sufficientvolumeisneededtomakeitcost-effective.Oneexpertsuggeststhatthisoptionbecomeeconomicalonlywhenafacilityhandlesatleast50000cartonsperday.因为自动化是一种固定成本非常高的方案，只有在货物数量充足的情况下这种方案才是划算的，一位专家建议，只有当每天处理的货物量达到至少50000箱的时候，自动化才能具有成本效益。,.,21,5.Narroweraislescanincreasethespaceutilizationofafacilitybutoftenrequirespecialequipments,suchasanarrow-aislelifttrucktodoso.更狭窄的走道能够提高设施的空间利用率，但是往往需要特别的设备的辅助，比如窄巷道叉车。,.,22,Exercises:PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.,1.Incontrast,distributioncentersemphasizetherapidmovementofproductsthroughafacility,andthusattempttomaximizethroughput.2.Butmorerecently,contractwarehousing(alsoreferredtoasthird-partywarehousing)hasemergedasanotherwarehousingalternative.,.,23,3.Althoughitcanachievemoreefficientspaceutilization,itrequiresadvancedinformationsystemtokeeptrackwiththeproductlocations.4.TrueAutomationrefertoanabsenceofhumanintervention,suchasAGVs(automaticguidedvehicles),whilemechaniz