中国海洋大学研究生英语考试题

.Final English Exam for Master Candidates ( 工B )(January 2012)Part I Listening Comprehension (25%)Section A Short Conversations (5%)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked (A), (B), (C) and (D) and then decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. He doesnt like the woman, so he doesnt want to see her.B. He is shy to meet the woman because he doesnt know what to sayC. He is busy with his work and wants to spend the time reading.D. He prefers being alone to being alone to being with other people.2. A. She cannot use her computer to meet her deadlines.B. Busy phone lines means she has to call the secretary.C. She has to call tech support for help.D. She needs to take a deep breath, she feels sick.3. A. Go shopping for cooler clothes.B. Look to see how much energy we use.C. Buy and use energy efficient appliances.D. Enjoy the warmer weather.4. A. Vegetables that are grown in dirt are organic.B. Vegetables grown in a greenhouse garden.C. Vegetables that are more expensive than other vegetables.D. Vegetables grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers.5. A. Because the class was better than her classmate expected.B. Because she wants to use the computer.C. She is excited to be taking biology.D. Because the computer is stranger to her than the microscope.6. A. It doesnt want to spend money now.B. It doesnt think it needs to clean up.C. It doesnt care about air pollution.D. It thinks only poor areas are polluted.7. A. Because he is going to Laos next summer on a bike.B. Because he will ride a bicycle over mountains and its dangerous.C. Because he hates to sit still while on vocation.D. Because he will rest himself on this adventure.8. A. Because if we believe intelligence is inherited, nothing else matters.B. Because their parents didnt choose the right marriage partners.C. Because we have never cared about our childrens environments.D. Because all children will get a good environment at their home.9. A. He can wear jeans to work.B. He has to dress up at work.C. He can wear shorts to work.D. He has to wear a T-shirt.10. A. Low gravity environments are easier to find. B. Natural places for research are easier to find. C. Very clean environments are easier to find.D. Strong fields of gravity are easier to find.Section B Passages (10%)Directions: Listen to the following two passages. Each passage is followed by FIVE statements. Listen to the passage and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false on the answer sheet.Passage 11. Researchers fit polar bears with radar so they can monitor the effect of global warming on them. 2. Polar bears come to land earlier this spring because they have developed enough fat reserves to survive.3. Polar bears are particularly selected for study because they can be followed for many years which help researchers get deeper insight into what is happening. 4. The objective of the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change is to call on developing countries to reduce the carbon emission. 5. It is hard for polar bears to reproduce due to global warming. Passage 26. Commercial and recreational fisheries contribute $ 80 billion to the U.S. economy every year. 7. To maintain a sustainable and disease-free seafood supply is a national priority because it has impacts on ocean environment. 8. Scientists are researching new ways to improve aquaculture practices to reduce peoples demand of wild fish. 9. Some technologies are applied to forecast the potential disease that might attack fish to protect the health of public. 10. The genetic make-up of bacteria that might hit seafood is teased apart by scientists in order to provide us with more nutritious seafood. Section C Compound Dictation (10%)Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 8 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 9 to 11 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Analysts at the U.S. Census Bureau have a (1)_ forecast for Americas population in 2050, when todays 25 year-olds will be knocking on the door of age 65.If (2)_ hold, not only will there be more than TWICE as many people 65-and-over in (3)_ numbers as there are now, but their percentage of the population will jump from 12 percent today to 21 percent.That means more than one in five Americans at mid-century will be what we call senior citizens.And if current demographic trends continue, a much greater (4)_ of the nations elderly will be Hispanic, African-American and Asian-American. Linda Jacobsen at the Population Reference Bureau, a private (5)_ that helps make sense of demographic data, helped us sort out the (6)_.Primarily, she says, in 2050 a whole lot more people 65 and older will be on the job outside the home. In part, thats because many more than today will be well educated and in (7)_ health, and will simply WANT to keep working. Others wont have a choice, since they wont be able to get Social Security benefits as the (8)_ age keeps rising quite possibly to 70 or beyond by 2050. And as private companies cut costs, (9)_ . Today, women more often than men are the ones who stay home to care for Mom and Dad in their last years while men contribute money to their elders care. But in 2050, (10)_ . So, Linda Jacobsen points out, young Americans had better be saving money right now in the increasing likelihood theyll have to care for themselves in their advanced years. But, (11) _ .In 2050, Americans who are 65 may be considered middle-aged.By then, only what demographers today call the oldest old the 85-and-over crowd will be thought of as truly old.Part II Vocabulary (15%)Section A Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that can best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. The Sex Discrimination Act has not _ discrimination in employment. A. Maintained B. expelled C. eliminated D. recovered 2. To guarantee the companys success, our Directors developed and _ stringent policies. A. carried about B. carried forward C. implements D. implemented 3. Kate was fully aware of the _ of these treasures. A. provenance B. original C. measures D. donor 4. The British police have no _ over foreign bank account. A. elimination B. constraint C. incumbent D. jurisdiction 5.Amid the _ job market blues, this is the kind of report that gets my attention. A. persuasive B. pervasive C. persuading D. permanent 6. We seek to harness progress in science and technology to ensure effective disaster preparedness and _. A. intensity B. severity C. excuse D. mitigation 7. Asians are right to be proud of their regions _ in the global financial crisis. A. resilience B. occurrence C. property D. deformation 8. Most Chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts _ quality, technology and service. A. in terms of B. with regarding to C. as to D. in that 9. China reaffirmed that it is not looking at pursuing a _ trade surplus with the United States. A. substance B. substantial C. subversive D. subjective 10. Tax revenues have _ significantly due to a severe recession and tax changing policy choices. A. inclined B. declined C. being declined D. been inclining 11. Nobody could believe the politicians _A. fishing time B. crying stinking fish C. fishing in troubled water D. fish story 12. The sea became rougher and the boat rolled from side to side; many passengers began to look_. A. in low water B. in hot water C. going by the board D. white about the gills 13. With only half an hour to get everything ready, well need _ if we want to win the victory A. all hands to the pumps B. fish in troubled waters C. go by the board D. miss the boat 14. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used commercial _ agent. A. bleaching B. vulnerable C. acting D. breaching 15. Because human skin has weak _, so that we can protect the skin, prevent the bacteria. A. acid B. acidity C. substance D. illness 16. These small _ fishes live in open waters and usually consume a variable mix of phytoplankton and both herbivorous and carnivorous zooplankton. A. biotin B. mollusk C. pelagic D. bivalve 17. Marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat _ to trying to build a bridge under water. A. ameliorate B. analogous C. judicious D. stringent 18. China currently has 11 active actors, _ compared with the 104 in the U.S., according to the International Atomic EnergyA. a drop in the ocean B. batten down the hatchesC. go by the board D. fishing in troubled waters 19. I must move to a larger house or spend money extending this one; either will be expensive, so I am _. A. between the devil and the deep blue sea B. at sea C. any port in a storm D. over head and ears 20. We are now striving hard to establish a _ parliamentary democracy. A. opaque B. transparent C. understanding D. aboveboard Section BDirection: Complete the following sentences with proper prefixes. 1. Loyal armed forces launched a _-attack against the rebels. A. counter B. up C. homo D. sub2. Somali government forces have failed to _due militiamen who refuse to recognize government authority in the south of the capital Mogadishu. A. Bio B. sub C. dis D. counter3. The term “_graph” is a word that is spelt like another word but has a different meaning from it, and may have a different pronunciation. A. bio B. up C. homo D. sub. 4. In some parts of the world, _gamy is still allowed, which is unfair to women. A. poly B. micro C. sub D. out 5. Although invisible to the human eye, the virus can be seen clearly when examined under a _scope. A. sub B. poly C. micro D. out 6. If you are _head in your work or achievements, you have made more progress than you expected to and are performing well. A. a B. en C. over D. in 7. It stressed that the government would go on with its task to protect its citizens, _arm terrorists and hold accountable the perpetrators of terrorist acts. A. in B. over C. en D. dis8. This may result in lessons which are too easy, _relevant, or otherwise inappropriate, as the research suggest. A. ir B. non C. multi D. over 9. A _cultural approach to language learning in education is quite useful. A. over B. eco C. non D. multi 10. It is the work of forensic scientists to examine the physical evidence, and using the methods of science, to _construct the events that constituted the crime. A. over B. un C. re d. co Part III Reading Comprehension (25%)Section OneDirections: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneTraditional media may be declining in much of the rich world, but in poor countries it is booming. The growth in private media in developing countries has spurred much of the demand, as has new technology. That is stoking journalism training in far-flung places, in many shapes and sizes. They range from full degree programmes to the short-term specialist training offered widely across Asia, Africa and Latin America. Groups offering such courses include the BBC World Service Trust, the Reuters and Thomson Foundations, the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) and Internews Network, a media-development charity based in America. These days the donors are particularly interested in niches, such as investigative reporting and science writing. But that approach sometimes fails. The need for basic reporting skills is still central. Trainers stress the need for flexibility. Participants in the courses praise the results, while complaining about the lack of focus and co-ordination among some providers. Shapi Shacinda, the Reuters correspondent in Zambia and chairman of the press club in the capital, Lusaka, says that foreign-backed training in business and economic reporting has helped bring more skeptical coverage. Previously, news stories used to be taken straight from officials statements, he says. But governments are harder to teach. Encouraging students to probe sensitive topics may threaten their lives or livelihoods. An Iraqi journalist trained by and working with the IWPR was shot dead earlier this year. Just this week, Zambias minister of information asserted that state-run media should not criticize the government. In Russia, an organization founded by Internews has been closed by the authorities, who were apparently suspicious of its American backing. Rich-country governments can be a problem too. Some try to influence the “messages” that trainers deliver, for example by insisting that their diplomats talk to classes on a regular basis. The big training groups insist that they control their own content. Blurring the boundaries can be dangerous both for journalists and the programmes that support them, he notes. But others may be less choosy.More is not always better. Quality varies wildly. Places like Bangladesh and Rwanda have been showered with training in recent years. Gratitude is mixed with the wish for better co-ordination. David Okwemba of Kenyas The Nation newspaper, who also helps train journalists, bemoans(哀叹) overlap between courses and providers failure to share information. Some courses aspire loftily to build democratic societies through a free press. The BBC trust says it aims to give a say to the common man by holding institutionspublic and privateto account. Such a range of goals makes measuring results difficult. Teaching how to point a camera or write a news story may be easy compared to raising awareness of broader issues such as HIV/AIDS. Many old news hands laugh at the notion of formal journalism education. A well-stocked and inquiring mind plus sharp writing skills are the main assets, they reckon. But even the most grey-haired veterans of rich-world journalism still seem glad to earn extra money tutoring new hands in poor countries.1. Traditional media is booming in poor countries because of the following reasons except_A. the private media is developing at a fast pace.B. the new technology provides technical foundation. C. there are many journalism trainings in various shapes and sizes.D. the demand for traditional media has been in steady increase. 2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the present training in those poor countries? A. The trainers are paying more attention on skills of investigative reporting and science writing.B. The courses are mostly extensive rather than being intensive.C. The training puts emphasis on the flexibility of basic reporting skills.D. Some trainees are satisfactory with the training courses while some are complaining.3. Shapi Shacinda think foreign-backed training in business and economic reporting has helped bring more skeptical coverage because_A. there is a conservative tradition of news reporting in these countries. B. the foreign-backed training is skeptical about the previous news stories in these countries.C. there exist some problems in the concept of news report in these countries.D. the governments order that news stories should be taken from officials statements.4. From the third paragraph, it can be inferred that Shapi Shacinda thinks_ A. the training is in short of teaching the tactics to deal with different government.B. it is still common for governments of less-developed countries to interfere with journalism.C. the training had better not involve itself into unnecessary disputes.D. the training should stress more on journalism independence from the government.5Towards the journalism training, the attitudes of veterans of journalism can be said to be _ A. critical.B. despicable.C. inconsistent. D. supportive.Passage 2When Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to wealthy students, many college counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs in dormitories? Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong at many colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.Early decision in particular-in which a student commits to a first-