初中英语代词最新版本

.,代词,(pron.),.,一、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清,.,（一）人称代词的语序：,单数形式：（二、三、一）即：you/he/I复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/you/they,.,（二）、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词,形容词性物主代词在句中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。eg:Thisismydictionary.Whereisyours?名词性物主代词可用在of后面做定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。eg:Heisafriendofmine.,.,二、it的用法,it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。1.代表前面提到过的事物。如：Mypenismissing.Icantfinditanywhere.2.用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Itisme.Thewomanhadababy.Itwasfivemonthsold.,.,二、it的用法,3.表示时间、距离、天气等。如：Itwillbesunnytomorrow.4.作形式主语或者形式宾语。如：IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellfirst.Itisimpossibleforustolearnaforeignlanguage.,.,三、反身代词的用法,定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves构成，可用口诀简记如下：反身代词表自身，self与selves单数、复分。一、二人称形代后，第三人称改用宾。在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语，也可用口诀简记：反身代词三成分：宾、表同位反自身。,.,三、反身代词的用法,（一）作动词的宾语反身代词可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,lookafter等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。1.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimeDidyouenjoyyourselfatthepartylastnight?2.helponeself(tosth.)随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。Helpyourselvestosomefruit,children.,.,三、反身代词的用法,3.hurtoneself伤着自己Shedidnthurtherself.4.teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学DidyouteachyourselfEnglish?=DidyoulearnEnglishbyyourself?5.lookafteroneself照顾自己Icanlookaftermyselfwell,thanks.,.,三、反身代词的用法,6.saytooneself自言自语Marysaidtoherself,“WhatshallIdo?”etooneself苏醒Soontheladycametoherself.8.makeoneself+过去分词，使自己被别人Shedidherbesttomakeherselfunderstood.9.makeyourselfathome别客气，让自己像在家一样Helpyourselftosomefish.Makeyourselfathome.10.loseoneselfin沉浸于陶醉于Theybothlostthemselvesinthebeautifulmusic.,.,三、反身代词的用法,（二）反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语1.byoneself=alone自己做Shehasdoneherhomeworkbyherself.2.foroneself为自己Shemadetheskirtforherself.3.ofoneself自然而然的、自动的Thedooropenedofitself.4.amongthemselves在他们中间Theyarediscussingthematteramongthemselves.,.,三、反身代词的用法,（三）作表语反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。Thelittleboywasmyself.（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。1.作主语的同位语Youwillhavetodoityourself.Hehimselfwrotethewordsandmusicofthesongs.作宾语的同位语Iwillgivethelettertoyourbrotherhimself.YoudbetteraskMaryherselfaboutit.,.,四、指示代词this/that/these/those,【辨析】one,it,thatit常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。Thebookismine.Itisveryinteresting.Ihavesomeapples.Youcanhaveone.TheweatherofDalianismuchwetterthanthatofLanzhou.,.,五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,（一）some与anysome常用于肯定句中，当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中；any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何”时，可用于肯定句。Therearentanystudentsintheclassroom.-Wouldyoulikesomebread?-Yes,please.,.,五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,（二）辨析both,neither,either,all,noneboth,neither和either这三个词用于两者或两者之间，both表示“两者都”，用于肯定句；neither与both互为反义词，意为“两者都不”；either表示“两者之中任何一个”（或者用于否定句中，表示“也”）。all和none都用于三者或者三者以上，all表示“全部、都”，none表示“没有任何人或物”。,.,五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,【辨析】so/neither+助动词+主语！和so/neither+主语+助动词！so+（be、助动词、情态动词）+主语，意为“也”，“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人（物），此句是一倒装句。neither用法与之相反。so+主语+（be、助动词、情态动词），表示“赞同”，意为“不错、的确、确实”。注意：前后两个句子指的是同一个人。同样，neither的用法与之相反。,.,五、不定代词some,any,each,every,both,neither,all,none等,（三）manyoneanother.,表示两个人或事物之间的相互关系用eachother,表示三个或者三个以上的人或事物之间的相互关系时，用oneanother或eachother都可以，也就是说oneanther一般不用于两者之间的相互关系。其所有格形式是eachothers和oneanothers，两者常可互换。,.,八、疑问代词及关系代词,（一）疑问代词1.who，whom都表示“谁”，作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom。Who在特殊疑问句中可以替换whom，但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于句首时，只能用whom。Withwhomdidyoutalkjustnow?Who(whom)areyouwaitingfor?2.which,what在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个名词。Whatclassareyouin?,.,八、疑问代词及关系代词,（二）关系代词Thisisthedoctorwhocamehereyesterday.Themanwhomyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.Iknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor.Theroomwhichyoucanseebytheriverisareadingroom.,.,练习一：单项选择,1.Pleasesend_bestwishestoMary.A.IB.meC.myD.mine2.Thisismybook._areoverthere.A.YourB.YoursC.YouD.Mine3._havealotofhomeworktodo.A.He,youandIB.You,heandIC.I,youandheD.I,heandyou4.Themandownstairsfound_verydifficulttogettosleep.A.thatB.themC.itD.its5.-Hi,Jim.IsthisyourbikeorToms?-Itsmine,not_.A.hersB.yoursC.hisD.him,C,B,B,C,C,.,练习一：单项选择,6.Tomishere,andafriendof_ishere,too.A.hisfatherB.hisfathersC.hesfatherD.hefather7.Help_tosomefish,Jenny.A.yourselvesB.yourselfC.himselfD.herself8.Theboysandgirlsseemedtoenjoy_inthepark.A.themselvesB.themC.theyD.their9.-Isthismodelplaneyours?-Yes,itsmine.Itismadeby_.A.myselfB.yourselfC.himselfD.herself10.Mr.Greentaught_Englishinourschoolandtaught_Frenchathome.A.ushisB.himusC.ushimselfD.ourhimself,B,B,A,A,C,.,练习一：单项选择,11.-Couldyouofferme_juice,sir?-Imreallysorry.Ihaventgot_now.A.any;anyB.some;anyC.some;someD.any;some12.Isthere_withyourbike?A.anythingwrongB.wronganythingC.somethingwrongD.wrongsomething13.-Imleavingfortheexam.Bye-bye,Mum.-Well,makesureyouvegot_ready.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing14.Hecanspeak_French,butnot_.A.some,muchB.any,muchC.much,manyD.many,any15.Moneyisimportantinmylife,butitisnt_tome.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anything,B,A,C,A,A,.,练习一：单项选择,16.-CouldIhavesomemilk?-Certainly.Theres_inthebottle.A.littleB.alittleC.afewD.few17.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdonthaveenoughmoneytobuy_.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that18.Thisappleisdelicious.Giveme_one,please.A.theotherB.anotherC.othersD.other19.TheyarebothgoodatEnglish,but_ofthemisgoodatmaths.A.noneB.eitherC.allD.neither20.Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.SomearefromtheUSA,and_arefromChinaA.anotherB.theotherC.othersD.other,B,B,B,B,C,.,练习二、用正确的代词填空,1.-Excuse_,isthisbikeyours?-No,itisnt_.IthinkitsToms.-Yes,itis_.2.Shewillfinishthework_.3.Make_athome,Lucy.4.Theboyisstandingwith_handsinthepocket.5.Youcanhaveonecake_,children.6.Willyoupleasedo_shoppingforme?7.MissGaowantstoteachherstudents_sheknows.8.Youmaystayherefor_fivedays.9.Thisquestionissoeasythat_cananswerit.10.Ihope_