The-Rite-of-Spring(1).ppt

ArthurMiller,TheRiteofSpring,contents,I.BackgroundInformationII.ThestructureofthetextIII.LanguagepointsofthetextIV.WritingdevicesofthetextV.Thethemeofthetext,I.BackgroundInformation,1.Abouttheauthor2.Meaningofthetitle3.Authorsattitude4.Whygardening,I.BackgroundInformation,ArthurMiller(1915-2005)PlaywrightsandessayistworksDeathofaSalesman推销员之死TheCrucible激情年代/严酷的考验AViewfromtheBridge桥上一瞥,InJuneof1956,MillerdivorcedMarySlattery,and,onJune29,marriedMarilynMonroe.MillerandMonroefirstmetoneanotherin1951,whentheyhadabriefaffair,andremainedincontactsincethen.Buttheydivorcedin1960.AndMillermarriedagainin1962.Atthesameyear,Monroetookherownlife.,MeaningTheRiteofSpring,CelebratingthecomingofspringBalletmusicIgorStravinsky(1882-1971)FamousRussianmusician,AuthorsAttitude,acquiresuniquepleasurefromgardeningenjoystheunusualchallengeofconflict,thesatisfactionofbeingabletoimproveanddoitjustrightthistimeparentalinstinctatworkingardeningandthejoyofseeingthehealthygrowthofplantsandthesuccessintheirprotectionThemoralsignificance:howgardeningkeepsremindingpeopleofthedelicateandeasilyruinedearthandhowthehealthygrowth,theorderlinessandthrustinglifeinthegardenreflectsimilarmomentsinthegardenersownspirit,Structure,PartI(1-):PartII(-):PartIII(-12):,ReasonsforkeepingagardenGardeningasawayofcelebratingthecomingofspring.Gardeningenablespeopletostayhopefulforthefuture,2,3,10,11,Thestructure,I.Introductionofthereasonswhythewriterstartedagarden.Itisnotforloveofvegetablebutasawayofembracingspring.(1-2)II.Theauthorlistsvariousreasonsforgardening.(3-10)III.Theauthorstatesthethesisthatgardeningkeepspeoplehopefulforthefuture,especiallyinthecoldestdaysofDecember.(11-12),Thestructure,Itisnotforloveofvegetable(1)fourreasonsfornotlovinggardening:expensiveandharddifficulttodistinguishhumaninstinctofback-breakingmake-believedislikeeatingvegetablesbutasawayofembracingspring(2)attractionsfromscent,sunbeam,birds,variousreasonsforgardening(3-10),Ingardening,onehastomakechoicesandlearnbytrialanderror.(3-4)Gardeningremindsusofthedelicacyandbountifulnessofourplanet.(5)Atruegardenershouldhaveasenseofresponsibility.(6-8)Gardeningrequirescareandlove.(6)Gardeningrequirespatienceandpersistence.(7)Gardeninginvolveslearningformonesownmistakes.(8)Gardeninghelpscharacterbuilding.(9-10)Thegrowthofplantsissimilartothespiritualgrowthofman.(9)Gardeningentailsstrivingasinotherhumanactivities.(10),Elliptical,Whygotheretoday?Whysleeponthefloor?Whytellmenow?,LanguagePoints,Para.1,1.1Whydidnttheauthorlikegardening?Noteasy,norcheap,hardtodistinguish,unacceptableinstinct,dislikeeating1.2Sincetheauthordidntlikegardening,whydidhekeepagarden?InstinctNotforlove,butforembracingthecomingofspring,Para.1,Whenyouthinkhoweasyandcheap,relatively,itistobuyabunchofcarrotsorbeets,whyraisethem?Itisrelativelyeasyandcheaptobuyabunchofcarrotsandbeets想想现在买一堆萝卜或甜菜头，相对来说既简单又便宜，为什么还要自己种呢？relatively:fairlyabunchof:一堆,Para.1,Androotcropsespeciallyarehardtotellapart,whenstore-bought,fromourown.Androotcrops,whenstore-boughtareespeciallyhardtotellapartfromourown.Rootcropsboughtfromstoresarehardtobedistinguishedfromthoseraisedbyourselves.尤其是那些根块植物，自己种的和店里买的，根本就很难分辨。tellapartfrom:distinguish(.)fromCanyoudistinguishrightfromwrong?store-bought:boughtinthestoreThoughcardscanbestore-bought,buthand-madeonesmeanmore.,Para.1,Thereisahumaninstinctatworkhere,akindofback-breakingmake-believethathasnoreality.atwork:comeintoeffect/play起作用Withcold-warmentalitystillatwork,bothsidesmaymisjudgethepresentsituation.冷战的思维仍旧在起作用，双方都错误的判断了当前的局势。back-breaking:physicallyhardandtiring(ofphysicalwork)veryhardandtiring艰苦繁重的make-believe:aplayfulpretence伪装theactivityorgameofpretendingthatsthisrealorthatasituationisbetterthanitreallyis.,Para.1,Thereisahumaninstinctatworkhere,akindofback-breakingmake-believethathasnoreality.Itisperhapspartlyhumannaturewhywelikegardening.Itshumaninstincttobeactiveandpretendthatwhatyouhavedoneisbetterthanitreallyis.这肯定有人的本性在起作用。人就喜欢脱离现实，毫无意义的瞎折腾。,Para2,2.1Howdidtheauthortransitfromthe1stparagraph?TransitionfromhotdogplantingIncomprehensibletokeepagarden(para.1)Afirmresolutionfornotgardening(para.2)Unavoidableresponsetothecallofspring(para.2)2.2Whatattractedtheauthortogarden?Scent,sunlight,birdsscreaming,Para2,2.3RhetoricdevicesLookatthemiserableland(transferredepithet)Ascent,likeearth-as-air(simile)Andthesunmeansbusiness(metaphor)ThebirdsarethinkingwhatIamthinking(personification)Thewormsaredeliciouslywormingtheirway(transferredepithet),Para2,Ifyoucouldraisehotdogsoutsideyourwindow,youdreallyhavesth.youcouldjustifywithoutasecondshesitation.toshowthatsb/sthisrightorreasonable;togiveagoodreasonfor为.辩护Ifyoujustifyyourself,yougiveagoodreasonforwhatyouhavedone.如果可以在窗外中热狗的话，那倒真有了一种可以毫不犹豫为自己辩护的理由了。,Para2,Asitis,though,IcannotdenythatwhenAprilcomesIfindmyselfgoingouttoleanonthefenceandlookatthatmiserableplotofland,resolvingwithallmyrationalpowersnotplantitagain.asitis,though:although,asitturnsout/inrealityIhadhopedtocompletemyessaytoday,asitis,though,ImafraidIwontbeabletofinishedituntiltheendoftheweek.Butinfact,ImustadmitthatineveryApril,Icouldnthelpwalkingtomygardenanddecidednottoraiseanyvegetables.但是事实上，我无法否认，每当4月来临时，我就会发现自己走出家门倚者园子外的篱笆，望着那块倒霉的菜地，十分理智地下定决心不再种地。,Butinevitablyamorningarriveswhen,justasIamawakening,ascentwaftthroughthewindow,somethinglikeearth-as-air,ascentthatseemstocomeupfromtheverycenterofthisplanet.waftthrough:(ofsmellornoise)tofloatthroughtheairinagentleway.Thesmellofapplewaftedthroughtheair.然而，总会有那么一天，当清晨醒来，一股清香从窗外飘来，这股泥土的清香味仿佛来自这个星球最深处。,Para2,scent,Syns：aromafragranceperfumeflavorsmellodorAnto.stench,stink1.n.apleasantsmell2.n.thesmellofananimalorpersonhas3.n.perfumeShedabbedherselfwithscent.她在身上擦了一点香水。-3Flowersarechosenfortheirscentaswellastheirlook.选花不仅要观其形还要闻其香。-1Apolicedogpickedupthemurderersscent.一只警犬嗅出了凶手的气味-2,Andthesunmeansbusiness,suddenly,andhasadifferent,deeperyellowinitsbeamsonthecarpet.meansbusinesstobeveryseriousaboutsthyouhavetodo.Thistime,wemeanbusinesswhenwesaythatwewillimproveourbankingsystem.Beamlight,rayn.light，alineoflightthatshinesfromabrightobjectWecouldjustpickoutthepathintheweakbeamoftheflashlight.v.tosendoutabeamoflight,oranelectricalorradiosignal,etc.Theconcertwasbeamedbysatelliteallovertheworld.播送这是太阳也似乎突然认真起来，它射到地毯上的阳光似乎比往常更加深黄。,Para2,Thebirdsbeginscreaminghysterically,thinkingwhatIamthinking-thewormsaredeliciouslywormingtheirwaythroughthemeltingsoil.hysterically（cryingorlaughing）inauncontrolledway歇斯底里wormonesway:tomovelikeaworm曲折前行蠕动Thewormswereslowlycomingoutofthemeltingsoilandtheyweredeliciouslyfoodforthebirdsofcourse.Andhewasalsohappylikethebirdsbecauseitmeanttheendofthewinterandhecouldbegintogarden.鸟儿们开始疯狂地鸣叫，它们跟我想的一样想着那些美味可口的虫子正从那融化的土中慢慢爬出来。松软的泥土里蠕动着的虫儿们看起来多美味啊！,Para2,wormonesway:tomovelikeaworm蠕动Foodpricesrocketedtoanewheightandmanypeoplecomplained.Asmallpathsnakedthroughthetreesandupthehill.Suppressionisnotacleverwaytodealwithpeoplescomplaints.Italwaysboomerangs(自食其果).Thetrainthunderedpastatthatmoment.Theboytriedtothreadthroughthebigcrowd.Theshoeflewtowardshim.Luckilyheduckedhisheadintime.Shenoticedthatacarhadbeentailingher.,Para2,Para3-4,Whatistheconflictingardening?Conflicttomakechoices,Para3,Itisnotonlypleasuresendingmebacktostareatthatplotofsoil,itisreallyconflict.Itisnotonlypleasurethatsendsmebacktostareatthatplotofsoil,(butalso)itisreallyconflict.Conflict:mentalstruggle,Para3,Thelastfewyearsweput36-inch-wideblackplasticbetweentherows,andworkedperfectly,keepingthesoilmoistindrytimesandweed-free.row:anumberofobjectsarrangedinaline.排，行moist:slightlywet.潮湿的，多雨的weed-free:(adj)freeofweed,36英尺宽20岁的两米深的500页厚的7000米高的800里长的100层高的3米高的（树）,36-inch-wide20-year-old2-meter-deep500-page-thick7000-meter-high800-mile-long100-story-higha3-meter-talltree,Para3,row,Hesatonthesecondrow.排，列Wecantrowthelittleboatacrosstheswiftriver.划船Hesaidthathehadaterriblerowwithhiswifeyesterday.吵架,weed-free,Heboughtsomegiftsforhisdaughterattheairportduty-freeshops.免税的Ourfoodusedtobepollution-free.无污染的Theyclaimtheircitytobehousefly-free.无蝇,hay,weed,reed(芦苇),hay:longgrass,cutanddriedforfeedinganimals.weed:aplantyoudontwantreed:atall,thinplantthatgrowsnearwater,oftenusedformakingthings.,hay,reed,weed,thesamegoesfor,thesameappliesto/istrueforsb/sthe.g.Ifyouwantotherstotakeyouasafriend,youmustshowthemyourrespectandunderstanding.Thisgoesforinternationalrelationsaswell.,beyond,excepte.g.除了你告诉我的，我对此一无所知。Idontknowanythingaboutthisbeyondwhatyoutoldme.他除了退休金外没有其他收入。Hehadnootherincomebeyondhisretiredpension,lookitupindictionary,Butblackplasticlookssoindustrial,sounromantic,thatIhavegraduallymovedovertohaymulch.,Changedto/shiftedto,industrial:unnaturalunromantic:uglyhayn.干草mulch:covering;usefulandorganicmaterials,thatisputaroundaplanttoprotectitsbaseanditsroots,toimprovethequalityofthesoilortostopweedsgrowingButblackplasticlookssounnaturalanduglythatIhavegraduallychangedtousecoverbyhaymulch.Butblackplasticlookssounnatural(becauseitismadeinfactories)anduglythatIhavegraduallyshiftedtohaymulch.,Para4,Para5,Whatdoesgardeningremindusof?Thedelicacy,generosityandbeautifulnessofourplanet,Keepingagardenmakesyouawareofhowdelicate,bountiful,andeasilyruinedthesurfaceofthislittleplanetis.,fruitful/generous,Ifyoukeepagarden,itwillhelpyourealizehowgenerousthelandoftheearthistousandhoweasilydamageditis.,Para5,家里有菜园会让人意识到这个小小星球的表面是多么的娇嫩、丰饶而易毁。,delicate1.easilydamagedorbroken2.smallandhavingabeautifulshapeorapprearance3.showingorneedingskifulcareful4.(ofcolorsflavoursandsmells)lightandpleasant;notstrongchinateacups易碎的瓷茶杯herhands她的纤细的手aproblem一个微妙的问题aflavour清新的芳香,Para5,Para5,bountifuladj.丰富的，慷慨的1.Inlargequantities;large2.givinggenerouslyabountifulsuppyoffoodbeliefinbountifulgod对宽宏的神的信仰ruinv.1.todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesitallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.2.tomakesb/sthlosealltheirmoney,theirpositionThebadweatherminedourtrip.Thecountrywasruinedbythewar.ruinationn.,Para5,Loadedadj.1.carryingaloud;fullandheavy2.fullofaparticularthing,qualityormeaning3.containingbullets,filmetc.4.verydrunk5.verymuchAfullyloadedtruckCakeloadedwithcalories(卡路里)Aloadedshotgun(列枪)Letherpay-sheisloadedSparingadj.节约的；贫乏的；保守的Carefultouseorgiveonlyalittlleofsth.e.g.HewasalwayssparingwithhispraiseSparinglyadv.,Inthat50-by-70-footpatchtheremustbeadozendifferenttypesofsoil.Tomatowontgrowinonepartbutlovesanother,andthesamegoesfortheothercrops,50-foot-wideand70-foot-long,e.g.Thesamegoesfor“crashdiet”thatsomecompaniessaywillmakeusloseweightfast。Studentswillnotworkhardunlesstheyhaveasenseofachievement.Thisgoesfortheteacher,too.如果你想别人拿你当朋友，你首先得尊重和理解别人。这也适用于国家与国家之间的关系。,Thesameappliesto/istrueforsb/sth这同样适用于,Para5,Isupposeifyouloadedthesoilwithchemicalfertilizerthesedifferenceswouldbelessnoticeable,Iuseitsparinglyandonlyinrowsrightwhereseedsareplantedratherthanbroadcastoverthewholearea.,spreadover,Isupposeifyouusealargequantityofchemicalfertilizer,thesedifferenceswouldbecoveredup;butIuseitverycarefullyandonlyinwheretheseedsareinsteadofspreadingitoverthewholepatch.,Para5,Para5,ImnotsurewhyIdothisbeyondthesavinginfertillizerandmyunwillingnesstoaidtheweeds.beyond:exceptIdontknowanythingaboutthisbyondwhatyoutoldme.Hehadnootherincomebeyondhisretiredpension.,Para.6,Also,yourpaternalormaternalinstinctscomeintoplay.Alsoyournaturaltendencytoactasakindandcaringfatherormotherbeginstohaveaneffect.,Insomecases,aswithbeansandcucumbers,yourchildren-asitwere,begintoturnuponyouinmassivenumbers,growingmoreandmoreeachmorningandthreateningtofollowyouintothehousetostrangleyouintheirvines.,Asyoumightsay.Itisusedformakingadescriptionsoundlessdefiniteorlessexact,e.g.Foryearstheblindmanonlyhadthisdogtokeephimcompany.Itwas,asitwere,hislittlebrother.她觉得就像是做了一个噩梦，刚刚醒来。,Para.6,Strangle:choketodeath,Theauthorhereisdescribinghowthebeanandcucumberscangrowinmassivenumbersandcometohimsuddenlyasiftostranglehimintheirvines.Thesenumerousbeansandcucumbersarelikenaughtyandplayfulchildren,strugglingtoembracehimatthesametime,makinghimalmosthardtobreathe.,Shelooksaboutskeptically.Herfavoritetaskisbindingthetomatoplantstostakes.,Looksaround,Shelooksarounddoubtfullytoseeifsomethinggoeswrong.Andshelikesmosttobindthetomatoestowoodenstakessothattheywouldnotbenddownwardduetotheweightofthefruits.,“Stake”heremeansawoodenormetalpost.Themajoritystakeisstillinthehandsofthegovernment.Wecannotletitpassbecausethefutureofourcompanyisatstake.Youcantaffordtolosebecausethestakesaretoohigh.,Para7,Para7,Shelooksaboutskeptically.skeptical-Br.E,doubtful,disbelieving,uncertain,unconvinced,incredulous,inclinedtoquestionfungi(pl)fungus(sing.)data(pl),datum(sing.)phenomena(pl),phenomenon(sing.),Para.9,Therearefewsightsquiteasbeautifulasavegetablegardenglisteninginthesun,alldewyandglitteringwithadozenshadesofgreenatseveninthemorning.Atseveninthemorning,fewsightshavesuchabeautifulsceneryasthevegetablegardenwhichshinesbrightlyinthesun,sparkledwithdewdropsandslightdifferencesindegreeofgreen.,Para.9,Dewy:moistwithorasifwithdew:dewygrassinearlymorning.shadesofgreen:slightdifferencesindegreeofgreen,Verbswithmeaningofsendingforthlight,glitter,glisten,gleam,glance,glint,glimmershimmer,shinesparkleflash,twinkle,glitter,asimilarsuccessionofevengreaterintensityIfsomethingglitters,lightcomesfromorisreflectedoffdifferentpartsofit.glitteringmirrors闪亮的镜子ThechildwasattractedbytheglitteroftheChristmastreedecorations.这孩子被圣诞树上闪耀的装饰物吸引住了Beneathitssurfaceglitter,thefashionindustryisatoughplacetoworkin.时装业表面上光彩迷人，但其实是个辛苦的行业。eyesthatglitteredattheprospectofrevenge.闪动着复仇光芒的双眼Allisnotgoldthatglitters.闪闪发光者,未必尽黄金。,glisten,shinewithasparklingluster发亮并伴随有闪闪的光泽Ifsomethingglistens,itshines,usuallybecauseitiswetoroily.Thesnowglistenedinthedawnlight.雪在黎明的曙光中闪耀。Thecalmseaglistenedinthesunlight.平静的海面在阳光下波光粼粼。Darcysfacewaswhiteandglisteningwithsweat.达西脸色苍白，汗珠晶莹Hereyesbegantoglisten,andherlidstotwinkle.她的眼睛开始发亮，眼皮直眨。,gleam,glance,glint,glimmer,Gleamimpliestransientorconstantlightthatoftenappearsagainstadarkbackground:Thelightgleamsaninstant,thenitsnightoncemore.光亮闪了一会儿，然后马上又变成了黑夜。Glance-lightreflectedobliquely间接反射的光Moonlightglancedoffthewindowsofthedarkenedbuilding.月光照在黑暗的建筑物的窗户上。Glint-brieflygleamingorflashinglight短暂的发光或闪亮Raysofsunglintedamongtheautumnleaves.太阳光穿过秋叶照射下来。Glimmer-faint,fleetinglight微弱的、迅速消失的光OntheFrenchcoast,thelight/Gleams,andisgone;thecliffsofEnglandstand,/Glimmeringandvast,outinthetranquilbay.在法国海滩上，光微弱地闪动着，然后消失了；英国的山崖耸立在宁静的海湾边，微微闪光，巨大无比。,gleam,glisten,shine,TreeLightGlint,GlimmerofHope,Shine-toemitlight.Shineyourflashlightoverhere.shineonesshoesHereyesshonewithexcitement.她兴奋得两眼闪光。Happinessshonefromherface.她面露喜色。Shimmer-shinewithasoft,tremulouslight以柔和的、颤动的光照射Everythingabouthershimmeredandglimmeredsoftly,asifherdresshadbeenwovenoutofcandle-beams.她四周的所有物体都发出柔和的光，仿佛她的衣服是由烛光织成的Sparkle-arapidsuccessionoflittleflashesofhighbrilliance一系列迅速闪动的高亮度小闪光crystalthatsparkledinthecandlelight在烛光下闪烁的水晶frostsparklingonthepavement,shine,shimmer,sparkle,shine,Youreyemovementsmakethisdesignseemtoshimmer.Youcangetastrongershimmereffectbymovingyourheadasyoustareatthedesign.,Shinyobject,Sparkle,flashreferstoasuddenandbrilliantbutshort-livedoutburstoflight:Aboltoflightningflashedacrossthehorizon.一道闪电划过地平线。twinkle-shinewithquick,intermittentflashesorgleams迅速地、间歇地发光或闪亮afewstars,twinklingfaintlyinthedeepblueofthenightsky.几颗星星在深蓝色的夜空中微微闪烁着。,flash,twinkle,TwinklingofStars,Para.9,Insomepocketofthemindtheremayevenbeatendencytochangethisvisionintoapersonalreassurance(thatallthishealthygrowth,thisorderlinessandthrustinglifemustsomehowreflectsimilarmovementsinonesownspirit).,pocket:asmallareadifferentfromtheareaaroundit,thrustinglife:lifethatismovingforwardquicklyandpowerfully,personalreassurance:sththatmakesapersonfeellessworried,Asitis,Aprilisforgettingirritatedalloveragainatthispointless,time-consuminghobby.Idonotunderstandpeoplewhoclaimto“love”gardening.,asecondtimefromthebeginning,Pointless,time-consuming:Noticeagainthatthetwowordsareusuallyusedinanegativesense.AsinPara.6,theauthoruses“neurotic”tohidehisintenseinterestandfullappreciationofthesignificanceofgardening.,Para.10,四月是人们再一次去为这个毫无疑义而又耗费时间的爱好去烦心的日子。,Para.10,Agardenisanextensionofoneselforselvesandsoithastobeanarenawherestrivingdoesnotcease,butcontinuesbyothermeans.extensionofoneself:thefurthergrowthordevelopmentofapersonGardeninghastobeanotherplacewherepeoplecontinuetoworkhardtomakeachievements.,andsoithastobeanarenawherestrivingdoesnotcease,butcontinuesbyothermeans.,andsoagardenturnstobeastageorfieldwhereoneshowsthathisefforttoachievesomethingneverstops.Orputitanotherway,agardenisameansofdisplayinghisceaselessstruggle.,Para.10,Para.10,Butyouwillfeelbetterfornotstandingonyourdignity.standononesdignity-tomakeitcleartosbthathemusttreatyouwithdignity,Para.11,Onlythegardeneriscapableofendlesslyrevivingsomuchhopethatthisyear,regardlessofdrought,flood,typhoon,orhisownstupidity,thisyearheisgoingtodoitright!,只有园丁能见识到希望永无止境的复苏。今年，无论干旱、洪水、台风或者自己的愚蠢，他一定会做好！,Para.11,LeaveittoGodtohavepickedtheproperoccupationforhisonlycreaturecapableofsuchself-delusion.让上帝来为这唯一能自欺欺人的生物选择正当职业吧。,Thereisahumaninstinctatworkhere,akindofback-breakingmake-believethathasnoreality.(paraphrase)Thebirdsbeginscreaminghysterically,thinkingwhatIamthinkingthewormsaredeliciouslywormingtheirwaythroughthemeltingsoil.(Translate)Therearefewsightsquiteasbeautifulasavegetablegardenglisteninginthesun,alldewyandglitteringwithadozenshadesofgreenatseveninthemorning.(Translate)LeaveittoGodtohavepickedtheproperoccupationforhisonlycreaturecapableofsuchself-delusion.(QuestionPara.11)Insomeway,Isawthegardenasametaphorforcertainaspectsofmylife.Whatisbeingcompared?Howdoes“thegarden”enterintothecomparison?(QuestionPara.9),List:,1.abunchof2.atwork3.waftthrough4.meanbusiness5.wormoneswaythrough6.Thesamegoesfor,7.castaside8.standononesdignity9.regardlessof10.forhonestyssake,PhrasesandExpressions,eintoplay12.tellsthapartfrom13.shadesofcolor14.loadaplacewithsth15.inmassivenumbers16.turnuponsb,PhrasesandExpressions,Whenyouthinkhoweasyitistobuywhyraisethem?Androotcropsespeciallyarehardtotellapart,whenstore-bought,fromourownItisnotonlypleasuresendingmebacktostareatthatplotofsoilAconsumerofv