高考英语二轮专题复习-名词PPT课件

-,1,高考二轮专题复习语法讲解二、名词,-,2,一、分类(Classification),A:专有名词(Propernouns),B:普通名词(Commonnouns),Countablenouns(可数名词),Uncountablenouns(不可数名词),IndividualNouns（个体名词）,CollectiveNouns（集体名词）,AbstractNouns（抽象名词）,MaterialNouns（物质名词）,-,3,二、数(Number),A:Singularnumber(单数)B:Pluralnumber(复数),（1）一般的词，包括元音字母加y结尾的词，直接在词尾加s（2）以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的词在词尾加es（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加es（4）以f或fe结尾的词，应变f或fe为v再加-es,1.规则名词单复数变化:,-,4,2.不规则名词单复数变化:,（1）单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,means,species,species,works(工厂),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss（2）改变字母：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,saleswoman-saleswomen,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,Mouse-Mice,abacus-abaci(或abacuses)，phenomenon-phenomena另：penny（pence或pennies）（3）增加字母:child-children,ox-oxen,-,5,（4）以o结尾的词：加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco,kangroo加es:tomato,potato,hero,Negro,dingo另：zero（zeros或zeroes）（5）以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s：roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es：life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief另外：handkerchief（handkerchiefs或handkerchieves）beef（beeves菜牛、beefs怨言；牢骚）,-,6,3.名词单复数的特殊情况:,(1)集体名词只用作复数：police,cattle,people,poultry,theyouth(2)集体名词用作不可数名词:clothing,jewellery,furniture,luggage(baggage),machinery,wealth(3)集体名词视具体情况而定单复数：family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy(4)只有复数形式的名词:clothes,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,compasses,scissors,handcuffs,pincers,goods,thanks,wishes,wages,tears,troops,forces,resources,-,7,(8)合成名词的复数形式：将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law将最后一部分变为复数：grown-up(s),go-between(s)(中间人），good-for-nothing(s)(无用之人）含boy,girl,lady等的合成的名词：它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。如：boystudents,girlfriends,ladydrivers含man或woman的合成名词：它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：amandoctor,twomendoctors,-,8,(5)以s结尾但不表示复数:mathematics,physics,politics,statistics,news,woods(森林),works(工厂)(6)有没有s结尾意义不同：glassglasses,clothclothes,workworks,sandsands,snowsnows,waterwaters,woodwoods,goodgoods,timetimes(时代),paperpapers(论文),greengreens(青菜),customcustoms(海关),spiritspirits(酒精,情绪),lightlights(灯),experienceexperiences(经历),armarms(武器),ironirons(镣铐,熨斗),compass(指南针)compasses(圆规),(7)姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:theGreens；theChengs,-,9,(9)名词只能用复数形式的短语：doexercises（做操）takenotes(做笔记）taketurns（轮流）makerepairs（搞修理）changetrains（改换火车）makefriendswith（交朋友）shakehandswith(握手）asfollows（如下）inrags（衣衫褴褛）indozens（成打的）,-,10,(9)名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：makefaces/aface（做鬼脸）Havetalks/atalkwithsb.(与某人交谈）Playjokes/ajokeon（拿开玩笑）Makecontributions/acontributionto（为做贡献）(10)名词单复数意义不同的短语：Haveawordwithsb.（与某人说句话）Havewordswithsb.（与某人吵架）Makecloth(织布）Makeclothes（制衣）,-,11,三、名词的格(Case),A:通格(Commoncase):主格(Subjectcase)宾格(Objectcase)B:所有格(Possessivecase),1.s属格：原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。如：theteachersbook;thehorsestail然而，时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也可以用s属格。如：todaysnewspaper;thecitystransportation,-,12,一般的名词，包括不以s结尾的复数名词，在词后加s。如：thechildrensbook以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加。如：theteachersoffice以s结尾的专有名词的所有格，既可加s也可加。如：Engels（s）letter两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用所有格形式，如:TomandMikesroom若表示分别拥有时，则要在每个名词后用所有格形式，如:TomsandMikesrooms,-,13,2.of属格：多用于无生命现象的名词，也可用于有生命现象的名词；当一个名词有较长的定语时，就只能用of短语来表示所有关系。如：thecoverofthebook;atoyofLiPingsyoungerbrother3双重属格：既有s的属格，又有of的属格。通常s属格表示所有关系，of属格表示部分与整体的关系。如:afriendofmyfathers;abookofToms4.表示“某人自己的”的属格:用ofonesown表示，不可用of反身代词。例如：Thisisthehouseofmyown.,-,14,四、名词的性（Gender),Masculine（阳性）:actor,waiter,master,prince,lad,hero2.Feminine（阴性）:actress,waitress,mastress,princess,lass,heroine3.Neuter（中性）:teacher,worker,monkey,sheep,tree,crop,-,15,五、名词在句子中的作用（Function),-,16,精选练习题1.TheChinesepeople_.A.isagreatpeopleB.areagreatpeopleC.aregreatpeopleD.aregreatpeoples2.Somethingwaswrongwith_car,butluckilytheyknewhowtofixit.A.JimsandTomsB.JimandTomsC.JimsandTomD.JimandTom3.Heisafriendof_.A.KatesfathersB.KatesfatherC.FathersofKateD.Katefathers4.ThenewsofVictories_gotroundquickly.A.isB.areC.havebeenD./,-,17,5.Therich_notalwayshappy.A.areBisC.haveD.has6.Yourtrousers_dirty,youmust_washed.A.is,itBare,itC.is,themD.are,them7.He,includinghisparents,_thisnovel.A.likeB.likesC.arelikeD.islike8.Therearethree_inourclass.A.ZhousB.ZhousC.ZhousD.Zhouss9.Thebridgeis_.A.ten-metresB.tenmetreC.ten-metersD.tenmetres10.Mothermadeanewskirtwithtwometersof_.A.clothesB,clothC.dressD.cloths,-,18,11.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmall_A.oneB.copyC.pairD.set12.Hedroppedthe_andbrokeit.A.cupofcoffeeB.coffeescupC.cupcoffeeD.coffeecup13.Letshavea_break.A.tenminutesB.ten-minutesC.tenminutesD.tenminutes14._shouldbestrictwith_.A.Teachers,astudentB.Theteachers,studentsC.Teachers,studentsD.Teachers,astudent15.Theyplayedinthe_foranhour,andwhentheyreturned,theyfoundtheirgoods_stolen.A.sand,wereB.sand,wasC.sands,wereD.sands,was,-,19,总之，名词是人、动物、事物、地方、状态、品质或动作的名称。它可以表示具体的东西，也可表示抽象的东西。下面斜体字都是名词：1JohnismyfriendMychildrenlovetheirteachers（人）2Thedogisrunningafterarat（动物）3Thiss