Research on Promotion of Cable for Underground Application英文版).ppt

ResearchonPromotionofCableforUndergroundApplication(II),MadeforICA（China）Aug.,2002Projectno.:02INICAS012-034-007,-2-,Content,总目录,I：Background5-11II：ExecutiveSummary12-23III：AcceptableInvestmentQuantityForPowerSupplyBureau24-27IV：Differentmodelsoffund-risinginundergroundcablingconstruction28-65V：Twoconstructionmodeltobefocused：“Separationfromtunnelandcable”2001:258kmAtpresent,syntheticpipelinegrooveof3horizontaland4verticalroadswithinloop2inShenyangareunderconstructionUsersofpipelinegroove:feeblecurrentlineusersincludingcommunication(ChinaMobile,ChinaUnicom,ChinaRailcomandChinaNetcom,etc.),cable,publicsecurity,limitary,trafficpoliceandeducationFundpreparationmethod:mainlyofgovernmentalinvestmentassistedwithsocialinvestmentandbankloanThecompanypossessesRMB10millionyuansofregisteredcapitalwith51%ofstockshareholdbyShenyangInfrastructureInvestmentCo.,Ltd.and49%byShenyangJifengCompany.ThisfundisappliedtodailyexpendituresandsmallamountofinitialengineeringexpensesPrepaymentof30%ispaidbyusers.ShenyangPlanningInstitutemakestheunifiedcityplanandworkedoutandpublishedtheShenyangOverallPlanforCommunicationSyntheticPipelineinMarch,2001.Userslikecommunicationdepartmentswerecalledtogetherandreleasedthesolutiontothem.Contractsweresignedwiththeseusersandtheiractualmileagerequiredweredetermined.Thecompanycalculatedthetotalnecessaryexpensesanddividedtoeachcommunicationcompanywithaverage30%.Uponcompletionoftheproject,eachcommunicationinspectedandacceptedtheprojectandthebalancesof70%werecollectedthen.TheremainingfundsunderconstructionareloansfromCITICIndustrialBank,第四部分沈阳,-44-,Operationandmanagementofcommonpipelinegroove,Costadvantage:thecostpurchasingpipelinegrooveisonlyequivalentto1/3ofselfconstructionwhilethespeedofpipelineconstructionandcoveringareaare8-10timesofselfconstructionDeterminationofrent:pipelinegroovecanbeleasedorpurchasedwithdifferentpricestodifferentusers.Thecurrentpricinglevelisonly1/3toofselfconstructionUserscanpurchasepermanentusingrightorleasebyinstallmentForthoseoperationalentities,expenseshigherthancostarecharged.Usingrightissoldtotheoperationaltelecommunicationoperatorsbythepriceofslightlyhigherthancost,i.e.,80,000yuanperholeperkmForthosenon-operationalunitsorgovernmentalorganizations,pipelinegroovecanbeusedwithlesschargesorfreeofcharge.UsingrightissoldtothosegovernmentorgansorenterpriseslikecableTV,publicsecurity,military,trafficpoliceandeducationwiththepricelowerthancostorfreeorcharge.Retaliationlevel:Thecompanygainsitsprofitdailymaintenancechargesandleasingexpenses.Inviewofoperationstatusin2001,boththeincomeandexpenditureareabout100millionyuanswithnetprofitoflessthan2millionyuansafterbalancingincomeandexpenditureMaintenanceandmanagement:“unifiedmodel”,i.e.unifiedplan,unifiedoperationandunifiedmaintenanceChengfengCompanyemploysspeciallytrainedworkingpersonnelof30personsatpresentandpossesses5-6vehiclesservicingfordailymaintenanceofpipelines,第四部分沈阳,-45-,PolicyconfrontationfacingbyChengfengCompanyhasattractedtheconcernofMoC,SyntheticpipelinegroovemetmanydifficultiesduringactualoperationmainlyofclashandconfrontationamongindustrialpoliciesTelecommunicationRegulationsofPeoplesRepublicofChinaissuedinSep.,2000stipulatedthatpipelineconstructioninvolvinginnetworkbelongstoinfrastructuretelecommunicationbusinessandisrequestedtoapplyoperationlicenseofinfrastructuretelecommunicationfromMinistryofInformationIndustry(MoII)AbovestipulationhasbeenstatedagaininManagementMethodforTelecommunicationConstructionpublishedbyMoIIandtheStatePlanningCommitteeinJan.200229thclauseinUrbanRoadManagingRegulationpublishedbyMoCinJune,1996hasclearlydescribedthatpipelinesandpolesattachedtourbanroadsshouldbeapprovedandconstructedbymunicipaladministrationdepartmentOpinionsofChengfengCompany:Syntheticpipelineprojectsattachedtonewlyconstructedandrebuiltroadsshouldbeapprovedandconstructedbymunicipalconstructiondepartment.Syntheticpipelineprojectsattachedtothecurrentroadsshouldbeapprovedandconstructedbymunicipaladministrationdepartment.Otherwise,confusionmayoccurinconstructionsofurbanroadsandcompletingpipelineandthesameolddisastrouseventwillhappenagainTheactionsofChengfengCompanyhaveattractedconcernsofCityConstructionDepartmentofMoC,thecompetentdepartment.Municipalgovernmenthasconductedtheinvestigationtothecompanyandarecarryingonresearchesonrelativetopics.TheythinkthatmeasurestakeninShenyanghasfoundaneffectivewaytoresolveproblemsofsyntheticpipelineconstructionincludingthatofpowercableconstruction.Oneworkingpersonnelofcityconstructiondepartmentexpressedthat,astheindustrialcompetentdepartment,MoCisresponsibletocleanobstaclesofconstructionviolationforlocallevel,第四部分沈阳,-46-,InfrastructureInvestmentCo.,Ltd.:Socializedoperationofcablegroovemaybemoredifficultthanthatoffeeblecurrentpipeline.However,thereisnobasicdistinguish,ShenyangInfrastructureInvestmentCo.,Ltd.hasaccumulatedpracticalexperiencesonfundcollection,leasingrent,managingmethodandinvestmentretaliation.Regardingwhethertheseexperiencescanbeadoptedtotheconstructionofcablegroove,therelativepersonnelofthecompanyexpressedthatiftheconfrontationofpolicycouldbeputinagoodorder,operationofthesetwopipelinegrooveshasnoessentialdifference:FundpreparationandmanagingmethodshavenoessentialdifferenceandcanbereferredcompletelyTheonlydifferenceisthatbecausepowerfulcurrentscannotusethecommonpipelinegroovewithfeeblecurrentandpowercablehastousethespecialpipelinegroove.Therefore,therentsharedbypowerfulcurrentusersisdifferentiatedfromfeeblepipelinegroovewhichhasmultipleusers.NoresearchhasbeenconductedfortheconcretedifferenceofrentBecausetheoperationalobjectisinfrastructure,usersareallindustrialinstitutions.ThustheeffectivelawsandregulationsshouldbeavailabletorestrainusingpartyandmanagingpartyofwhicheverpipelinegrooveCityConstructionDepartmentofMoCconcernsverymuchonmeasurestakenbyShenyangInfrastructureInvestmentCo.,Ltd.andexpresseditswillingtoconductaresearchandmakesummarysoastocreateabetterenvironmentforthissyntheticpipelinegrooveconstructionandpromotethisexperiencetoalargerextentinearliertimeSurveyshowsthatpowersupplybureauofShenyangcityisalsointerestedinthismeasurewhichsharedthecableconstructionburdenanditsonlyworryisthatwhethertherentinglevelandmanagingmethodofpipelinegroovecouldbereasonable,第四部分沈阳,-47-,Beijing：makegooduseofOlympicconstructionopportunity，fulfillthegoalofpowersupplybycable,Cabletotallengthis4583kilometersaroundBeijingurban(withinforthringroads),cablecoverageratiois40%,and5000kilometerslowvoltagecablehangonthesky.Itmustpointoutthatthematerialsofmiddleandhighvoltagecableundergroundareallcopper,aluminumhasnotbeenused,forthecoppersloadisbigger,andcopperisthinnerinthesamesituation.Duringpastfiveyears,themainbuyerofcableburiedinBeijingisBeijingpowersupplybureau,andthemaincapitaliscity-netreconstructioncapital.Beijingcityprovidedcapitalallowanceformainroadsconstructionproject,theallowancelevelisabout20%.Accordingtocitylayoutandcity-netreconstructionplan,Beijingwill“destroytheoverheadlines”.But,tocomparewiththerealcablecoveragelevel,thisgoalseemsdistant.TheforecastofBeijingpowersupplybureaushowsthatthisprojectwillexpense21billionYuan.HoldingOlympicscreatesthepossibilitiesforsupplyingpowerbycableinBeijing.Till2008,Beijingwillinvest36billioninelectronic-netconstruction.Themaincapitalcomesfromelectronicpricerises,oneofitsmainpurposeistosupportundergroundcabling.,forthPartBeijing,-48-,Beijinglayoutandconstructiondepartmentsareactivelyexploringthesolutionofcableconstruction,andbegantomakecommontunnelexperiments,butduringthespecialperiodofOlympicconstruction,theychosetoincreaseelectronicpricetopaypowersupplybureauscheckforlayingoutcabledirectly,Whenothercitygovernmentsorpowersupplybureauswereworryaboutthecableconstructioncapital,Beijinggovernmentalsothoughthowtoacceleratecable-buried,theyhavebegantomakecommontunnelexperiments,triedtodoandoperatecabletunnelbysociety,andrentedtopowersupplycompaniesandcommunicationcompanies,inordertopartaketheburdenofthepowersupplycompaniesBeijingzhongguanchunthenewtechnologydevelopmentdistrictistheexperimentunitofBeijingtunnelcableseparationconstruction.Itisuniformlydevelopedbyrealestatefirms,theuniformtunnelcableconstructionbycompaniesinthisdistrictwillpracticecomprehensivetunnelcablestyle.Constructionexpensesistakenbyrealestatedeveloperandiscountedintheproject.Thisexperimentisnotsuccessful,because:GovernmentdidnotgivethepowertothetunnelcableconstructionCompaniestomanagethetunnelcable,sotherehavenoonetomaintainandoperatethetunnelcablewhentheprojectfinished.Powersupplycompaniesarenotwillingtorent,thecommontunnelconstructiondepartmentcandonothing.Becausetheformercandependonelectriclawsandelectricestablishmentmanagementrules,butthelatterhavenoeffectivelawsorrulestorestrictthecooperationwiththeformercompanies.Beijingcitylayoutdepartmentstillhasaoptimisticlookontunnelcableseparationsystem,itpointsoutthattheexperiencesfromtheexperimentunitshowstheremustberelevantpoliciesandlawstosupportthetunnelcableseparationsystem.AftersuccessfullyapplyingforOlympicgames,Beijingcantakespecialcablecapitalgatheringways:increasingelectricprice,whichcannotbyothercities.Althoughtheelectricpricehasthedecreaseddirectionaroundthecountry,increasingpriceisnearlyimpossible.Sothat,thewaysofBeijinggatheringmoneyisspecialinthespecialperiod,butItdidnotshowthisistheeffectivemeasureforustouse.,ForthpartBeijing,-49-,Floatingelectricprice+regiongovernmentfund,BeijingelectricconstructionfundsgatheringproposalhasbeenconsentedduringapplyingforOlympics,overheadcableburiedmettheuniqueopportunity,Before2008,overheadcablereconstructioninBeijingwillbesettledinthisway:themunicipalgovernmentandthedistrictgovernmentburdentheresponsibilityoffund-rising,andthepowersupplybureautakestheresponsibilityofconstruction,thedetailsasfollowing:Beijingmunicipalgovernmentwillburdenthecostofundergroundcablinginbackboneroads(10roads,morethan300km).Thissumofcapitalcomesfromelectricpricerising(fromApril22).,about3billionYuanperyear.BytheendofApril2002,afterhearingofwitnesses,Beijingapprovedthepowersupplycompaniesneeds,anddecidethat,fromMay22th2002,perKWHofcityelectricpricewilladd5cents,thenthepricewillincreasefromoriginal0.39Yuantonow0.40Yuan,2centsofpricerisingwillbespeciallyusetocityoverheadcableburiedprojectandotherelectricreconstructionprojects.2cents-addedcanbringextra0.6billionelectricincomeperyear,powersupplycompaniesshouldmakeloanwiththese0.6billioncapital,itcanhelpthemtocollect3billionYuanperyeartodothereconstructionprojects,AccordingtoBeijingplanningcommittee,electricpricerisingpolicywillbeeffectiveforoneyear,whetherthispolicywillcontinuetonextyearornotwillbedependedontheresultofwitnesses.ButBeijingpowersupplybureauhasconfidencetousethispolicytill2008.Theoverheadcableneedsofcitiessightandroadsconstructionisnegotiatedbyregiongovernmentandpowersupplycompanies,regionfinancialgovernmentfundswillgivetheallowance.Becausethecityzoneshavenospecificconstructionplan,thejobsarenotclearyet.BeijingplanningcommitteeintroducedthatmanyBeijingcityzonescanofferthereconstructionexpense.,ForthpartBeijing,-50-,Althoughthecapitalproblemhasbeensettled,therearesomeuncertaintieswithoverheadcableundergroundduringtheperiodofapplyingforOlympics.Ifitislackedthepowerfulsupervisionbyregiongovernment,powersupplybureauintentstousethiscapitaltoexpandtheelectriccapacity.,Electricequipmentsreconstructionbyelectricallowanceincludingexpandingcapacityandoverheadcableunderground,theregiongovernmenthopetosupportthelatter,andthepowersupplybureaupaymoreattentiontotheformer:TheexecutivesofBeijingpowersupplybureausaid:asapowersupplycompany,thepowersupplycapabilityismoreimportantthatitslooking,powersupplybyoverheadcableismoreeconomical,andeasiertomaintain,ifitcanbedecidedbyoneself,wearemorewillingtospendthemoneyontransformersubstationandsuchkindofexpandingcapacityprojects.TheexecutivesofBeijingplanningcommitteesaid:overheadcableburiedexpensedsomuchmoney,sothepowersupplybureauwasnotwillingtotake,thegovernmentwouldsupport,butfinancialincomeislimited,sotheelectricpricerisingisapproved.2cents-addedfundsisthespecialfundsthatbeuniquelyusedintheoverheadcableburiedprojectandotherpowerreconstructionprojects,socanassurethecitysundergroundprojectsofthemainroadsbuilding.Astothecityzonesoverheadcableunderground,regiongovernmentcanmakedecisionbythemselvestosuperviseandurgethepowersupplybureauconstruction,thefundneedscanbeassistedbytheregiongovernment.Thepotentialoftheoverheadcableburiedinsomerichercityzonesshouldnotbesmall.Aftervisitingtolayout,citymanagement,construction,planning,powersupplydepartmentandsoon,Sinotrustfoundedthat,althoughthecapitalproblemhasthesolution,butpowersupplybureaustillresponsiblefortheoverheadcableundergroundconstructionbyitself,thespecificsupervisioninstitutionsandruleshavenotcomeoutyet.Iftheregionlayoutdepartmentandconstructiondepartmentcannotrestrictandsuperviseeffectively,theconstructionfundswouldprobablybeusedmoreonelectricexpandingnotonoverheadcableunderground.,ForthpartBeijing,-51-,Beijinghaveenteredtheroadsbuildingclimax.(from2003to2008),Before2008,thegoalofBeijingroadsbuildingis:Tomatchthedemandof30millionautomobiles.CurrentlyBeijingtotallyhas18millionautomobiles(bytheendof2001),theother12millionautomobilesneedrelevantroadsbuildingtomatch.Averagespeedincityrushhoursarrivesat45km/perhourto65km/perhour,usuallymaidroadsaveragespeedis20km/perhour.Itwillbetakennomorethan50minutesbetweenanytwostationswhenyoudrivewithinthecitybound,anditwillbetakenisnomorethan40minutesfrombeginningstationtotheendstationbybus,thecurrentlyreallevelis2/3ofthishopinglevel.,Inordertoachievethislevel,duringthefollowing5years(2003-2008),Beijingcitygovernmentandeverycityzoneswillcarryoutlarge-scaleroadsbuildingandreconstruction:Beijingcity:investing90billionYuaninhigh-speedroads,cityfast-speedroads,andcirclefast-speedcommunicationroadsweb,railwaycommunicationsystem,thesecountuptomorethan300KMEachcityzonesgovernmentwillalsoinvestincity-insideroadsreconstructionsystemonalargescale,forexample,haidiandistricttotallyinvested3billionYuantomaintaintheroadswithinyuanmingyuaneastroad,yuanmingyuanwesrroad,wanquanheroad,qinghuasouthroadetc,in2002.,ForthpartBeijing,-52-,Roadswhichneedtooverheadcableundergroundconstructionare:citymainroads+maidroadswithincitybound+newdevelopingbusinessdistrict,Beijingcitygovernment,cityzonesgovernment,large-scaledevelopersrespectivelyundertakecityoverheadcableundergroundconstructionBeijingcitygovernment:planned10mainroadsbuilding,amongthem,therearemorethan200KMroadneedstheoverheadcableburiedEachcityzonesgovernment,willplanurbanroadsbuildingstepbystep,ithasaoptimisticforecast.Forlarge-scaledevelopers,thereare2large-scalenewdevelopingbusinessconstruction:TodevelopBeijingsecondbusinessroad-“chaowai”avenuecdistrictafter“wangfujing”and“xidang”businessareas,thedeveloperis“qijiankuntai”groupbelongto“chaoyang”businesssystem“Internationalcommunicationavenue”.Itwillbe3.2KMslong,70metershigh,west-eastdepthwillbe100metersto300meters.Totalareais220hektare,totalconstructionareaisabout56millionsquaremeters,totalinvestmentis30billionYuan.,Now,thereisnospecificoverheadcableundergroundlayoutwithincityMainroadsoverheadcableundergroundhadgainedspecificfundssupport,Beijingcityapprovedthatpowersupplycompaniescouldincreaseelectricprice,and重点道路的架空线入地已经得到明确的资金支持。北京市批准了供电公司电费加价，并指定其中的部分资金需要投入到这些道路的架空线改造中。商业区开发中的架空线入地历来由开发商出资，不存在投入障碍由于各个城区的道路建设计划还不明确，城区架空线入地的潜力决定于城区政府对于道路建设的投入和他们对于架空线入地的重视程度，目前还存在不确定性,第四部分北京,-53-,小结,调查表明，无论是政府还是地方供电企业，独自负担都是不可持续的建设方式在土地储备制度发展好，土地储备潜力大的地区，深圳市的“国土基金”模式值得推广沈阳市的租让管沟方式仍出于实验和探索阶段，但却是最受欢迎的电缆入地解决方式综合全国主要城市供电和规划部门的调查，理想的架空线入地方式要满足以下条件把电力电缆建设当作城市的基础设施建设的一部分共同分担，减轻负担有制度化解决方式。变不规律的临时项目补贴为制度化的“国土基金”有相应的组织和规范建设。设立专门的组织，例如“管线办”，专职负责入地建设引入社会投资，变无偿为有偿,第五部分,-54-,第五部分：管线分离和租用管沟是最有推广价值的两种电缆入地建设方式,土地储备支持了我国的城市基础设施建设在土地储备发展好的地区，“管线分离”是解决电缆入地建设矛盾的有效制度租用电缆沟的方式需要进一步关注,第一部分,-55-,Thebulidingoflandreservesystem,hassupportedcitysinfrastructureconstructioneffectively.Inannouncingthecityoftheuse,areanalogoustomostterritoryfundstouseincitysinfrastructureconstruction.,Sourceofthematerials:Tradenewspapersandperiodicals,第一部分,-56-,Thebuildingsituationofdomesticlandreserveandflowdirectionofthemoneyforsellinglandtocount,-Continued,第一部分,-57-,土地储备制度支持了城市建设的步伐,第一部分,-58-,在土地储备潜力大的地区，管线分离是值得借鉴的架空线入地方式,调查发现了土地储备制度与架空线入地水平和方式之间的关系土地储备制度建设好的地区，架空线入地水平较高。如青岛、武汉、杭州、大连、深圳、珠海等。原因是这些地区的财政收入水平能够支持政府给予电缆入地一定的支持管线分离方式下的架空线入地水平好于重点补贴。制度化的政府建沟，供电埋缆的方式，其电缆入地水平明显高于“重点项目重点补贴，形象工程”等做法。例如，武汉市、南京市的电缆化水平低于同样实施土地储备的青岛、深圳深圳市的“国土基金”模式，是土地储备城市实施基础设施建设的成功典范，适于土地储备潜力较大的城市借鉴,第五部分,-59-,变补贴为经营是所有城市共同的愿望，目前这一做法还在探索阶段,城市建设部门对于投资建设管沟，出让、租用给电力的做法很感兴趣，多数供电局也表示愿意有偿使用统一建设的管沟。目前，让各个城市和建设部关注的是，这一做法的实践已经出现，沈阳市和上海市分别由地方政府和企业牵头组织了管沟的建设和经营问题。沈阳市的做法有望成为解决架空线入地的典范实践表明，这一做法要发展成熟，必须拥有协调的外部政策环境，具体说来，要消除管沟用户的行业规范与建设部门的行业规范之间的不协调问题,第五部分,-60-,第六部分：ICA在电缆入地市场的机会,政府合作：促进建设更适于架空线入地的政策环境区域市场机会：把握奥运时机，促进北京市电缆入地,第六部分,-61-,当前，电缆入地的完善模式还在各个城市的探索中，主管的政府部门也很关注这个问题。进行政府合作，创造适宜架空线入地的政策氛围是ICA当前面临的市场机会,缺乏上级政府明确的政策支持是阻碍各个城市地方架空线改造计划的主要因素，因而创造鼓励和支持的政策是促进城市电缆化最有影响力的措施建设部城市建设司关注道路管沟建设，有可能向电缆入地提供政策支持，当前他们需要合作者共同进行研究和推广ICA是建设部最适合的合作伙伴。合作内容可以包括以下几个方面市场调查和问题研究。了解各个城市在政策障碍方面的详细信息，同时进行总结归纳帮助政府考察和选择入地问题解决方式的试点城市根据调查研究结果向政府提交政策支持建议。合作宣传架空线入地。将电力电缆管沟的建设纳入基础设施范围内,第六部分,-62-,建设部城市建设司已经表示愿意接受管线建设探讨方面的合作。Inordertocooperateeffectivelywithgovernments,wesuggested为了有效开展政府合作，建议组织有关专家作为合作者和顾问,新华信推荐下述专家和机构作为政府合作的备选合作者：中国城市规划设计研究院。工程规划处宏昌富工程师该机构是建设部下属专职从事电缆设计研究的机构，熟悉全国城市电缆建设的状况，支持架空线入地，同时与建设部与良好的工作关系国家电力公司发输电运营部金文龙处长金文龙处长熟悉供电系统的状况，支持架空线入地建设，在电力系统和政府机构有很好的影响和声望国家电力科学研究院。科技部张祖平总工程师张祖平总工程师是电力科研工作的专家，对于国外的电缆建设和架空线问题有研究，支持架空线入地建设北京市规划设计院。市政处综合管线组陈景立所长城市规划问题专家，尤其熟悉北京市的电缆规划，关心电缆管沟的建设模式问题对于有广泛社会影响的科研单位代表人，还在筛选中,第六部分,-63-,TheopportunityofundergroundcablingintheperiodofBeijingOlympicgames,MarketpotentialProblemsandsolvingstrategy,-64-,DuringtheOlympicconstructionperiod,undergroundcablinginBeijingbringsahugecopperconsumptionpotentialabout30,000-50,000tons,morethan100KMroadsreconstructionwillmatchthedemandsofoverheadcableconstructionwithin16districtsand2suburbs,inthefollowing5years,therewillbemorethan500KMroads.,2002-2008，ThebudgetofBeijingelectricpowerconstructionwillbe36billionYuan.Withinthisbu