Deconstructionism解构主义.ppt

,Deconstructionism,ThedefinitionofdeconstructionDeconstructionsOriginAndDevelopmentTextualanalysis:TheGreatGatsby,Contents,Deconstructionisanapproachthatrigorouslypursuesthemeaningofatexttothepointofexposingthesupposedcontradictionsandinternaloppositions.ItisintroducedbyJacquesDerrida,aFrenchphilosopher.,Definition,DeconstructionsOriginAndDevelopment,FriedrichWilhelmNietzscheclaimedthattheGodhadpassedawayandhumanbeingsshouldrevaluatedallvalues,whichistheoriginofdeconstruction.MartinHeideggeralsohadgreatcontributiontodeconstruction.Deconstructionclaimsthatanytexthasmorethanoneinterpretation.Therefore,aninterpretativereadingcannotgobeyondacertainpoint.,PastandpresentPureandfallThewestandtheeast,Textualanalysis:TheGreatGatsby,Present:corrupt,degenerate,pococurante,ruledbyTomBuchananandMeyerWolfsheimwhoarecruelselfishandhypocritical(Ballservesasaplacefortheagedpmanhuntingforyoungerwomenratherthanagracefulsocialisedactivity.Tomandwifefollowtowardthosewealthypeople.Jordanmovesamonghotels,clubsandotherfamilies.Noneofthemenjoysintimateandeverlastingfriendship.),Past:happyandattracive.(NickdescribesthelifeinWisconinwhenhewasyoung:AsonwouldattendYaleUniversityashisfatherdid,aboyoftenaccompaniedwithagirlwouldberegardedasengagedwitheachother,DaisyandJordanwerepurethen).Thiswasaworldofromancewithsweetmorning,softgrassland,brandnewskirt,whiteclothes,whitecarsandhandsomeofficials.,PastAndPresent,Obviouslythewriterdescribesaromanticandpurifiedpasttomakeacontrastwiththecorruptanddegeneratepresent.Buttheconstrastofthemischangeable.Becausenotallofpeopleinthepastwerepurified,letaloneGatsbyspast.Gatsbycantacceptthepastsohechangehisname.Hisisreluctanttofacethetruesituationandtriestogetridofthepast.ThereforehisdeterminationtomarryDaisyisbasedonaverticalpastanditbcomefancy.,PastAndPresent,Thenovelgivesusahappyandromanticpast,whiletellusreadersitsfullofliethenoveldeconstructsitselfasthecontrastofpurifiedpastandcorruptpresent.Butthedivisionofthemisfaint.Inasense,thepastsharesthefeaturesofthepresentcorruptanddegenerate,socalled“purifiedpast”isjustanimagination.,PastAndPresent,PureandFall,PureVSFall,Accordingtothetraditionalview,thisnovelcriticizesthefallofsociety.Ontheotherhand,itstronglypraisespureagainstdemoralization.,Pure-Asthenarratorandwitnessofallimportantthings,Nickisacalm,sensible.Whatsmore,Nickgivesusanimpressionofbeingalooftotheworld.,Fall-Whenwestudythedetails,wecanfindthatNickwasattractedbytheluxuriouslifestyle.,e.g.IbegantoappreciateNewYork,Icantasteitsenergetic,baldandriskyatmosphere.Icangetsatisfactionbywatchingendlesstrafficstreamandpeople.Iliketochoosesomeromanticsexygirl,andthenimagineenteringtheirliveswithoutnobodyknowingit.,ThoughNickdidntcontinuehisimagination,butobviously,Nicksimaginationissomethingaboutsex.Indeed,theenergyofNewYorkmeansthepossibilityofenjoyingsexylifewithoutlawsrestrict.,PureandFall,TherelationshipbetweenNickandJordan,WecanknowthatNickwasfallbyanalyzingtherelationshipbetweenNickandJordan.,ThoughNickknewthatJordanwasabsolutelydishonest,hedidnttakeitseriously.Instead,hecomfortedhimself,”Beingdishonestisnotsuchabigdeal.”,Indeed,whatabstractNickwasJordansdishonestybecauseheknowthathecouldgetsexyhappinessfromthehypocriticalJordan.,Criticismandcouldntleave,Nickcriticizedtheindulgentluxuriouslifestyle,buthecouldntleavetheparty.Bycontrasting,hewasthelastonetoleaveGatsbysparty.,e.g.“IwanttogooutsideforrefreshbuteverytimewhenIstanduptowalkawayasifastringtiemetothechair.”,PureandFall,IsNick,Pureorfall?,Nickspureispartlybecauseofhisignorance.,Attheverybeginningofthestory,Nickboughsomebooksaboutbanks,investigationandfinancialcredit.Hewasurgentlyeagertoknowthesecretofhowtobecomesuccessful.Whyhedidso?Thatsbecausehisignorance.,Inotherwords,toNick,ignoranceistheconnotationofpure.,Wilson-theonlyabsolutelypureperson,Inthisnovel,Wilsonistheonlyabsolutelypureperson.Hetriednottodoharmtoothers,hebelieveallthepeopleespeciallyhiswife.,ButWilsonspureisnotanactivepersonality.Inthenovel,Wilsonisalwaysspiritless,lackofpersonalityandwithoutsoul.,Healwayssitinfrontofhishouse,whenisnotatwork,watchesthepassingcarsandpeoplewithoutfocus.,Heevenhaventanyfriend.Hiswifebetrayedhim.,PureandFall,Allinall,Pureisdefinedasignorance,lackofpersonalityandvanity.“pure”isnotthatadvisable.Thisnovelcriticizesthedegradedlifestyleunmercifully,butthenarratorNickseemstodiscoverthe“fall”ismoreenergetic,colorfulthan“pure”.,Thebinaryoppositionsisunsteady,easilytoberefuted.Besides,Nicksimageevenreflectedthecombinationofpureandfalleninsomedegree.,PureVSFall,Allthemaincharactersinthenovelfromthecentralandwesternregions,forvariousdifferentreasonstheycametotheeasternmetropolisofNewYork.InNickseyes,theWestispure,isthesimpleexampleofvirtue,onbehalfofthetraditionalpower;Eastisevil,istheworldlycorruptionofthecity,isasymbolofcorruption.,TheWestandTheEast,InNickseyes,natureandmoderncivilizationareinterlinkedandmutuallyentangled.Forexample,intheWestEggdescriptionoftheearlysummer“thegreatburstsofleavesgrowingonthetrees,justasthingsgrowinfastmovies”NickattendedapartyheldbyGatsbyoncesaidso,“herremarkwasaddressedtotheprematuremoon,producedlikethesupper,nodoubt,outofacaterersbasket.”Here,amasterpieceofnature-“prematuremoon”comparewiththe“supper”madebyhumanbeings,thenthenaturalcivilizationandhumancivilizationwerecombined.,TheWestandTheEast,WestandEastisnotpurelygeographicalsenseoftheterm,itisactuallyapairofabstractconcepts.TheWestandEastofthenovelisnotsimplytheoppositelocationoftheconfrontation.Theoppositeisactuallythetwowerenotcorrosion,thenaturalsimplicity-suchasthe“realsnow”ofWisconsin-andthecorruptionofmoderncivilization.However,in“TheGreatGatsby”,thenatur