自考高级英语Lesson-Eight-A-lesson-in-Living

ALessoninliving,byMayaAngelou,MayaAngelou简介,玛雅安吉罗(MayaAngelou),1928年4月4日出生于美国密苏里州圣路易斯市。美国黑人作家、诗人、剧作家、编辑、演员、导演和教师。在贫民窟的匮乏生活中长大的安吉罗曾当过厨师、电车售票员、女招待和舞蹈演员。,随后的几十年她成为一位成功的歌手、演员、剧作家和导演，广泛涉足于戏剧、电影、音乐等领域，同时还是一位活跃的人权作家，一位非凡的女性。安吉罗是当代美国黑人女诗人中的杰出代表，她的诗歌创作从20世纪70年代延续到现在，迄今为止她已经出版了十几部诗集，并获得了多项大奖。,她写过很多诗歌、自传和剧本。然而，安吉罗给美国文学带来巨大影响的还是她的自传作品。安吉罗的自传系列作品有6部，分别为：我知道笼中鸟为何歌唱、以我的名义重整旗鼓、像过圣诞节般唱歌、跳舞、欢乐、女人心、所有上帝的孩子都需要旅游鞋、掷向天堂的歌。,她的诗歌代表着鲜明的民族主义立场、“黑色权力”（为黑人种族争取自由和平等）以及黑人妇女的觉醒。她是好莱坞第一位非裔女编剧，在卡特和福特两人政府内任职。2014年5月28日，玛雅安吉罗辞世，享年86岁。,TEXT,ThelessonMrs.FlowersteachesMargueriteisbeneficialandfar-reachingtoMarguerite.Mrs.Flowerssinglesheroutforattention,makescookiesforherandthenreadsnovelstoher.FromMrs.Flowers,shealsolearnsthemysteryoflanguage,thevalueoflifeandgoodmannersinlife.Thus,skillfullyandgentlyMrs.Flowersguidedheroutofadeadalleyintoaworldofknowledgeandenlightenment.,ThisisastoryofaNegrogirl,whichrevealstoussuchanimportantfact:theblackshavebeenawareoftheirowngenius,witandpower.,Structureofthetext:,part1（paras.1-5）aboutMrs.Flowerspart2(paras.6-15)thingsthathappenedonthewaytoherhomepart3(paras.16-27)thingsthathappenedatherhomepart4(paras.28-32)IwasencouragedandchangedforthebetterbecauseofMrs.Flowers,sop:将放在液体中蘸或浸泡,sopbreadinsoupIwassoppedthroughintherainthismorning.soppedaround.=Ispentmostofmytimearound.,Orrather:更确切的说,Iarrivedhomelatelastnight,orratherearlythismorning.,Thegraceofcontrol,afinecontrolofhermovement,swirlsw:lvi.tomoveroundandroundquickly旋转，打旋Theblackwaterswirledaroundhislegs,reachingalmosttohisknees.黑水在他的双腿周围打转，差不多没到他的膝盖。,Shehadthegraceofcontroltoappearwarminthecoldestweather,andontheArkansassummerdaysitseemedshehadaprivatebreezewhichswirledaround,coolingher.Shehadafinecontrolofhermovementtoappearwarminthecoldestweather,andonhotsummerdayssheseemedtohaveabreezeofherownblowingaroundandcoolingher.她举止优雅，在最冷的天气也能显得温暖宜人；而在阿肯色州的盛夏，她周围好像有一股自己的微风在打转，使她清凉。,peel:vi脱皮,Theseorangespeeleasily.Peel:vt.除去(水果等)的皮peelabanana,anapple,snagV-T/V-IIfyousnagpartofyourclothingonasharporroughobjectorifitsnags,itgetscaughtontheobjectandtears.钩破例：Shesnaggedaheelonarootandtumbledtotheground.她的鞋后跟绊在树根上，跌倒在地。Bramblessnaggedhissuit.刺藤钩破了他的西服。,Ifsnagged:ifithadbeensnagged=Ifithadbeentornopenbysomethingbetornopen被撕开;被扯开tearopen拆开,HerskinwasarichblackthatwouldhavepeeledlikeaplumifsnaggedHerskinwasavividdeepblackthatwouldhavebeenpeeledlikeaplumifithadbeensnagged.她的皮肤呈美丽生动的深黑色，要是被什么刮破，就会向李子皮一样剥落下来。,ruffle,v.disturbthesmoothnessorevennessofsth弄皱，弄乱某物Dontrufflemyhair.Ivejustcombed.别把我的头发弄乱了，我刚梳好的。Thewindruffledthesurfaceofthewater.风吹皱了水面。,letalone:更不必说,-Shenevergetsupearlyonweekdays,letaloneonweekends.-Hecantevenreadthealphabet,letalonespeakthelanguage.,Shedidntencouragefamiliarity(亲密而不拘礼仪).,Shedidnotgivepeoplethecouragetobecomeintimatewithher.Youshouldnotaddressyourteacherwithsuchfamiliarity.你不该这么冒失地称呼你的老师.familiarity熟悉,通晓Hisfamiliaritywiththelocallanguagessurprisedme.,familiar,intimate,familiar熟悉的,通晓的-Everypupilisfamiliarwithsuchfacts.-Suchfactsarefamiliartoeverypupil.Familiar:tooinformal,morefriendlyandinformalthanisacceptable过分亲密的,冒失的-Thechildrenaretoofamiliarwiththeirteacher.这帮小孩对老师过于随便.intimate:close-Heismyintimatefriend.,measure:(估计,评判事务的)标准,尺度,-Examinationsareonlyonemeasureofstudentsabilities.-Sheisthemeasureofwhatacollegestudentshouldaccomplish.,andhasremainedthroughmylifethemeasureofwhatahumanbeingcanbe.Shehasremainedagoodexampleformethroughoutmylife.,appealtosb.:引起(某人)兴趣,吸引(某人),-Hersenseofhumorappealedtohim.Appeal:attraction吸引力-Thiskindofmusichasntmuchappealforme.Appeal恳请，请求(n.,v.)-Shemadeanappealtoherfatherforpermissionofhermarriage.,translate,Theideaofcampinghasneverappealedtome.对露营这种相法我从来就不感兴趣。Hersenseofhumorappealedtohimenormously.她的幽默感把他强烈地吸引住了。,personally:亲身,亲自,-Theplanwaspersonallyinspectedbytheminister.这计划部长亲自审阅过.Personally:asaperson作为个人,就个人而论-Idontknowhimpersonally,butIhavereadhisbook.Personally:asfarasIamconcerned就我而言,就自己而言-Personally(speaking),Idontlikehimatall.,respectful,respectable,respective,respectful(to,towardsb.,ofsth.):feelingorshowingrespect恭敬的,表示尊敬或尊重的-standatarespectfuldistance表示尊敬的保持距离站着-respectfulofotherpeoplesopinions-Theboywaswell-manneredandrespectfultowardtheaged.,respectful,respectable,respective,respectable:体面的,值得尊敬的-Theprofessorisalsoarespectableoldman.-arespectablemiddle-classbackgroundrespective:分别的,各自的-Afterclass,wewentofftoourrespectiverooms.,incessanta.notstopping;continual不停的；连续的Wejusthadaweekofalmostincessantsnow.一个星期以来，雪差不多没停过。ThereisanincessantstreamofvisionsallyearroundinShanghai.上海全年都有络绎不绝的参观人流。,bybeingherself:,Bybeingablackwomanwithasuchnoblepersonality.,provision(pl)食物和饮料,饮料的供应,-Shehadaplentifulstoreofprovisions.提供,供应-Thegovernmentisresponsiblefortheprovisionofmedicalservices.-undertheprovisionsoftheagreement根据协议条款,Theygaveeachotheragegrouplooks,Theygaveeachothermeaningfullooksthatwereexchangedamongandunderstoodbypeopleofthesameagegroup.,hangback:,1.Ifyouhangback,youmoveorstayslightlybehindapersonorgroup,usuallybecauseyouarenervousaboutsomething.-Isawhimstepforwardandthenhangback,nervouslyrubbinghishands.2.Ifapersonororganizationhangsback,theydonotdothingsimmediately.-Eventheclosestadviserbelievesheshouldhangbacknolonger.,hangback:showunwillingnesstodosth.;hesitate不情愿做某事；犹豫,Shevolunteeredtohelpbuthewasafraidandhungback.她自愿帮忙，可是他却畏避而不愿接受。,separatefrom将分开,离开,隔离,-Thetwogroupsoffansmustbeseparatedinthestadium.separate分开,分离;分手;分居;-Thebranchhasseparatedfromthetrunkofthetree.分开,分离;-Wetalkeduntilmidnightandthenseparated分手.-Aftertenyearsmarriage,theydecidedtoseparate.分居,separate:从中隔开(两国,两地)-TheAtlanticseparatesEuropefromAmerica.-Ariverseparatedthetwohalvesofthecity.,separatefrom=distinguishfromdivide,-Eachoneofthecharactershastheironstorywhichisseparatefromthemainplotoftheplay.剧中的每一个角色在故事主要情节外都有属于他们自己的故事。-Theresnottoomuchtoseparate/distinguishherfromothers.-,Wouldyoudividethelessonintofiveparts?Dividethemoneyequally.,setdown,writedown记下Shequicklysetdownherthoughtsonpaper.她很快把她的想法写在纸上。Pleasesetdownwhattheteachersaidinyournotebook.请把老师说的记到笔记本上。,infuse,Toinfuseaqualityintosomeoneorsomething,ortoinfusethemwithaquality,meanstofillthemwithit;aformaluse.将(某特性)灌输给或注入,使获得(某特性)Hearguedthataunionwouldinfuseunnecessaryconflictintothecompanysemployeerelations.Youshouldinfusenewknowledgeintoyourselfallthetime.infusetheworkerswithnewlife,energy,infuse,fillinfuse:putaqualityintosb;fillsbwithaquality灌注，注入Thereformhasinfusednewlifeintotheworkers(theworkerswithnewlife).改革使工人获得新的活力。fill:makesthfull装满，填满Smokefilledtheroom.(Theroomwasfilledwithsmoke.)房间里烟雾弥漫。,shadeofsth.:slightdifferenceinsth细微的差别,-awordwithmanyshadesofmeaning有许多相近意思的一个词-peoplewithallshadesofopinion,Ittakesthehumanvoicetoinfusethemwiththeshadesofdeepermeaning.Speakingisneededtoshowtheslightdifferenceofdeepermeaningofwords.文字需要人的声音给它们注入各种细微的更深层的意义差别。,memorize(learnandrememberonpurpose),remember,-Shespenttenminutesmemorizingthelistsofprices.Itsamazing.-Pleasememorizethealphabet.-Irememberedtellingthecase.-Herememberedeverywordhehadlearned.-Remembertobringmethebook.-RememberwhatIsaid.,Illacceptnoexcuseifyoureturnabooktomethathasbeenbadlyhandled.Iwillnotforgiveyouifyoureturnmethebookthathasnotbeenwellread.如果你没有好好看就把书还给我，我是不会原谅你的。,common,ordinary,ordinaryOrdinarypeopleorthingsarenormalandnotspecialordifferentinanyway.(无特别之处)-Itwasjustanordinaryweekendforus.,common:Ifsomethingiscommon,itisfoundinlargenumbersorithappensoften.普通的,常见的,普遍的-Earthquakesarenotcommoninthispartoftheworld.-GamblingwascommoninChinabeforeliberation.,Common:Ifsomethingiscommontotwoormorepeopleorgroups,itisdone,possessed,orusedbythemall.共有的,共同做的,共同受到的-Weshareacommonpurpose.-SheisGerman,andheisFrench,buttheyhaveEnglishasacommonlanguage.,butmymindneverrecordedit,butmymindneverformedapictureofit.butIdidnothavesuchimpression.,Itfollowedthat这意味着,follow:happenasanecessaryorlogicconsequence必然发生-Sheisnotintheoffice,butitdoesnotfollowthatsheisill.,tryoneshandatsomething初试身手,-Idliketotrymyhandatcomputing(计算机运算技术).,intolerant,intolerable,sb.beintolerantof:不能容忍的-Tolerable:toobadtobeendured不能忍受的-Thepainofheadachewasintolerable.-intolerableheat/noise,Thatinthosehomelysayingswascouchedthecollectivewisdomofgenerations.Thecollectivewisdomofgenerationswasexpressedinthoseplainsayings.那些朴实的话语表达了一代又一代人的集体智慧。,ATaleofTwoCities,双城记是英国作家查尔斯狄更斯所著的一部以法国大革命为背景所写成的长篇历史小说，情节感人肺腑，是世界文学经典名著之一，故事中将巴黎、伦敦两个大城市连结起来，围绕着曼马内特医生一家和以德法日夫妇为首的圣安东尼区展开故事。小说里描写了贵族如何败坏、如何残害百姓，人民心中积压对贵族的刻骨仇恨，导致了不可避免的法国大革命，本书的主要思想是为了爱而自我牺牲。,人物列表,马奈特医生（Dr.AlexandreManette），一位老政治犯。露西马奈特（LucieManette），马内特医生的女儿。查尔斯达尔奈（CharlesDarney），厄弗里蒙地侯爵的侄子，爱上露西马内特。西德尼卡顿（SydneyCarton），一位愤世嫉俗的律师，爱上露西马内特。,cascade,-Hergoldenhaircascadeddowntheback.n.小瀑布v.瀑布似地落下vi.像瀑布般冲下或倾泻,occurtosb,occurtosb:comeintoonesmind想到，想起Anideahasoccurredtome.我有主意了。Diditeveroccurtoyoutoaskanyone？你曾想到过问问别人了吗？,occur,happen,takeplace,-Theirweddingceremonytookplaceat6p.m.lastnight.-Theseeventshappened/occurredthatyear.-WhathappenedafterIleft?-Thisispossibleintheory,butactually,neverseemedtooccur.-Suchathinghardlyoccur.,occur,happen,-Whathappenedtoyourleg?-Agoodideaoccurredtome.-IthappenedthatIwasnotinHangzhouwhenyougotmarried.-Itoccurredtoherthatsheadoptanorphan.orphanage:fnidn.孤儿院,ItwastheleastIcoulddo,butitwasthemostalso.ThatsimpleanswerwasallIcouldgive.这是我所能作的唯一回答。,behindthesophisticationofyears,Afteryearsofcomplicatedadultlifeexperiencesophisticated:1.世故的,老练的Asophisticatedperson2.复杂的,精良的,尖端的sophisticateddeviceinspaceshipsophisticatedmodernweapons,贝奥武夫（Beowulf），一译贝奥武甫，讲述了斯堪的纳维亚的英雄贝奥武夫的英勇事迹。是迄今为止发现的英国盎格鲁撒克逊时期最古老、最长的一部较完整的文学作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗，完成于公元八世纪左右，它与法国的罗兰之歌、德国的尼伯龙根之歌并称为欧洲文学的三大英雄史诗。,诗中的主人公贝奥武夫来自瑞典,完成其英雄壮举却在丹麦。全诗分为两部分:第一部分讲述丹麦洛斯格国王(KingHrothgar)修建的宏伟宫殿在前后十二年中被半人半魔的妖怪哥伦多(Grendel)每晚骚扰，捉食洛斯格的战士。,此时恰逢瑞典南部济兹(Geats)王子贝奥武夫率家臣来访，欲帮助洛斯格国王除害。国王当晚设宴款待，妖怪哥伦多再次出现，捉食一名济兹战士，贝奥武夫与之格斗，扭断其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重伤回到栖身的洞穴后死去。,第二天晚上，哥伦多的母亲前来为其子复仇，之后贝奥武夫将其在一湖泊的洞穴中杀死。史诗第二部分描叙贝奥武夫返回本国，被拥戴为王，统治国家五十年，举国大治。最后贝奥武夫以垂老之年，杀一喷火巨龙，身受重创死去。史诗以贝奥武夫的葬礼结束。,OliverTwist,雾都孤儿是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的写实小说。以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇，主人公奥利弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。如同狄更斯的其他小说，本书揭露许多当时的社会问题，如救济院、童工、以及帮派吸收青少年参与犯罪等,sense:常识,见识,识别力,havethesensetocomeinoutoftherain懂得进来避雨,Childhoodslogicneveraskstobeproved.,Achildsthinkingorreasoningneverneedstobeprovedwhetheritisrightorwrong.,singleout,pickout,Singleout:chooseforaspecialpurpose,esp.forpraiseorcriticism.-Wehavedonewrong.Whytheteachersinglemeoutforcriticism?-Pickoutthetoyyoulikebestfromthebasket.,Thatdomyheartgoodtosee,dogood:benefit有益于Eatmorefruit;itwilldoyougood.dogoodtoEatmorefruit;itwilldogoodtoyou.,taketosb./sth.,developalikingtosb./sth.对产生好感-ItooktoherthemomentImether.-Ididnttaketoherhusbandatall.taketo:逐渐习惯于-taketosmoking/sleepinglate,Thatdomyheartgoodtoseesettledpeopletaketoyouall.Itmakesmefeelgoodtoseethosepeoplewhohavesettledherebegintolikeyou.看到这里的人们开始喜欢你们，我心里真高兴。,trailoff:声音逐渐减弱到不出声,-Hewentaway,withhisvoicetrailingoff.trailtreiln.踪迹,小径,尾v.拖,尾随,追踪,历年试