高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧154952ppt课件

阅读理解题型及解题技巧,主讲：张生伟,题型及解题技巧,1,2,3,4,5,6,主旨大意,细节理解,观点态度,篇章结构,推理判断,猜测词义,阅读技巧,细节理解,本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。,常见问题形式有：Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept?Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept,三正一误,三误一正,1.Accordingtothepassage,who/what/which/when/Where/why/how/howmany/howmuch/howlong/Howsoon/howoften,etc.?2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue/nottrue?3.Accordingtothepassage,Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_.5.Inthepassagethewriterstatesthat_.6.Choosethebestorderinwhichthepeopledo_.,2.定义；3.比较；.年代与数字5.原因和结果,此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。,SampleI,HooverDamlies_.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB,ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.,2.定义；3.比较；.年代与数字5.原因和结果,此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。,HooverDamlies_.A.betweenArizonaandNevadaB.intheBlackCanyonC.betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD.bothAandB,SampleI,SampleII,WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.,SampleII,WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.B.LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents.C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.,moved,MissLuoLin,MissAsiaof1991，BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage,dancing,singing,making-upandotherpropermanners,designedbytheAsiaTVStation.,taken,Accordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis.Agreenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsBhighersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaCcontinuousglobalwarmingDrisingsealevels,SampleII,reportedtotheEarthPolicyInstitutethatthenationsufferedanunusauallyhighnumberoffiercestormsinthepasttenyears.Manyscientistsconnecthighersurfacewatertemperaturesresultingfromglobalwarmingtogreaterandmoredamagingstorms.,connect,to,Accordingtoscientists,theDIRECTcauseofmoreandfiercerstormsis.Agreenhousegasemissions(散发)inindustrializednationsBhighersurfacewatertemperaturesoftheseaCcontinuousglobalwarmingDrisingsealevels,SampleII,LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsBsignanagreementwithTuvaluCallowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal,SampleIII,LaupepaexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeUnitedStatesforrefusingtosigntheKyotoProtocol,aninternationalagreementcallingforindustrializednationstoreducetheirgreenhousegasemissions,whichareamaincauseofglobalwarming.“Byrefusingtosigntheagreement,theUShaseffectivelytakenawaythefreedomoffuturegenerationsofTuvaluantolivethere,”LaupepatoldtheBBC.,LaupepawasnotsatisfiedwiththeUnitedStatesbecauseitdidnot.A.agreetoreduceitsgreenhousegasemissionsBsignanagreementwithTuvaluCallowTuvaluanstomovetotheUSD.believetheproblemsfacingTuvaluwerereal,SampleIII,(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生),?,JackLondonslastdayswere_.A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyones,SampleIV,JackLondonwasafamousAmericanwriter.Heburnedhimselfoutwhenhewas40.Hethoughtofhismother,Flora,whohadneverbeenaveryresponsibleperson.Hewassureshewasmentallyillandthathewasbecominglikeher.Atlasthebecametootiredtocare.Hewouldnotworkandcontinuedtospendmoneyhedidnothave.Hewouldnotchangehislife,orhiswriting,perhapshecouldnot.,JackLondonslastdayswere_.A.usualonesB.notpooronesC.richonesD.unhappyones,SampleIV,Youhavetopayatleast_ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000,SampleV,TuitionFees(学费)Tuitionfeesaredifferentfromdepartmenttodepartment,generallyfrom$5,000to$6,000ayear.Forfurtherinformation:tuiwaikatoacnz.Accommodation(住宿)Youcanhavearoomina4-bedroomflat,whichwillcostabout$100amonthwithotherregularlivingcostsofabout$150amonthforoneperson.Forfurtherinformation:accwaikatoacnz,$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000,Youhavetopayatleast_ayearifyoustudyattheUniversityofWaikato.A.$5,250B.$8,000C.$9,000D.$11,000,SampleV,Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcad,SampleV,Peoplecanuseahomecomputertomaketheirshoppinglists.Onceatthestore,ashoppercanuseapreferredcustomercardtostartasystem(系统)thatwillorganizethetriparoundthestore.Ifyourelookingfortoothpicks,youtypeinthewordorpickitfromalist,andamapwillappearonthescreenshowingwhereyouareandwhereyoucanfindthem.,Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofshoppingwiththecomputerizedshoppingcarts?a.Startthesystem.b.Makeashoppinglist.c.Findthethingsyouwant.d.Gotoaself-checkoutstand.A.abdcB.bacdC.acbdD.bcad,SampleV,猜测词义,QuestionForm,(1)Theword“”inLinemeans/canbebestreplacedby(2)Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“”suggests(3)Fromthepassage,wecaninferthattheword/phrase“”is/refersto(4)Theword“”isclosestinmeaningto,根据解释确定词义,技巧1,1.Socialmobilityisthemovementfromoneclassorleveloflivingtoanother.2.Theotherquestionedtheveracity-thetruthfulnessofthesereports.,3.Heisaresoluteman,oncehesetsupagoal,hewillnotgiveitupeasily.4.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.,根据对比确定词义,技巧2,Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.,根据逻辑确定词义,技巧3,Ifyouarecapableofworkingtwelvehoursadaywithoutarest,andifyoucanengageinphysicalexerciseforhourswithoutseemingtogettired,thenyouareindefatigable.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧4,Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout,RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.,根据上下文情景确定词义,技巧4,Theunderlinedphrase“moppingup”inthesecondparagraphmeans_.AcleaningupBtakinginCwipingoutDgivingout,1.TheoffspringofapairofbirdsleavethenestwhentheyarebigenoughtoflyAchildrenBancestorsCgenerationsDmates2.ThereisastackofpapersonMr.GreensdeskApieceBbalanceCmixtureDpile,Trytodothefollowingexercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义,3.Beforeyoubuysomething，checkthequalityfirstForexample,ifitischeap,itmightnotbegoodAhowgooditisBwhatthecolorisCwhatthesizeisDhowbigitis4.Pleasegivemeyourrecipeforthiscake，soIcanmakeittooAadishBdirectionsforcookingCamealDdirectionstoyourhouse,5.Beforeababylearnstowalk,ithastocrawlonthefloorAwalkontwofeetBflyCsitinachairDmoveonthehandsandknees6.Mr.BrownisanamateurphotographerHeisanengineerButinhisfreetimehelikestotakepicturesA.asahobbyBformoneyCasajobDaswork,7.ThissmallChristmastreeismadeofplasticItisnotarealtreeItisartificialA.beautifulB.notnaturalC.foraspecialholidayDinanartmuseum8.whalesandelephantsaregiganticanimalsNootheranimalscancomparewiththeminsizeA.smallBlandCseaDhuge,9.Thekiwilaysthelargesteggsintheworld.ThestrangethingaboutthekiwiisthatitcannotflyAakindoffishBakindofcatC.akindofrockDakindofbird10.SomeAfricanscarvebeautifulhumanandanimalfiguresoutofwoodTheyselltheircarvingstostoresandmuseumsAdrawBbeatCheatDcut,11.ChickenpoxcanbeveryseriousforachildwhoisnotingoodhealthThechilddevelopsredspots，andfeelshotanduncomfortableAhealthychildgetswellquicklyAakindofanimalBakindoffoodCakindofchildhooddiseaseDalackofpurewater,12.Alishowedtheclassapictureofhim,hiswife，andtheirbabyPierresfamilyhaslivedintheeastofCanadafortwohundredyearsTheirancestorscamefromFranceA.familymembersfromalongtimeagoB.grandparentsandtheirgrandchildrenC.parents,grandparentsandgreat-grandparentsDfamilymembersalllivingatthesametime,推理判断,1.不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有同义词解释的选项。2.不选事实细节选项3.不选非事实选项4.选概括性/哲理性的选项,技巧,常见问题形式:1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat_2.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat_3.Bythefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthormeans_4.Wecanconcludethat_.5.Whenthewritertalksabout.,whathereallymeansisthat_.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?,1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitressagebecausehethought_.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause_.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch,Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,”Areyousingle?“Why,yes.Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?,1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitressagebecausehethought_.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause_.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch,1.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.2.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson_.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperation,Sample2,3.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.,Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquickly,forexamplebydipping(浸)itinwater,itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasitiswished,byannealing,it.Themetalisheated,andallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftime.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowly,thesofteritbecomes.Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterial,suchasglass.,1.Whydopeopleputhotmetalinwater?A.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.2.Inannealing,therequiredhardnessofmetaldependson_.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperation,Sample2,3.Assuggestedbythetext,howcanglassbemadelessbrittle?A.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.,观点和态度,理解作者的观点和态度题：既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。,正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。-假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？,此类考题的主要形式：,1.Thewriterspurposeinwritingthisstoryis_.2.Thetextdiscussesmenandwomen50,000yearsfromnowinordertoshowthat_.,辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。,注意：,贬义：disgust,critical,negative,tolerant,disappointment,褒义:positive,wonder,support,useful,interesting,enthusiasm,admiring,中立:indifferent,impassive,uninterested,ambivalent,neutral,apathetic,disinterested,Theauthorappears_modernadvertising.A.tolikeB.tobeindifferenttoC.todislikeD.toknowhowtodealwith,e.g.,Oneofthemostauthoritativevoicesspeakingtoustodayis,ofcourse,thevoiceoftheadvertisers.Itshoutsatusfromthetelevisionscreenandtheradioloudspeakers;wavestousfromeverypageofthenewspaper;signalstousfromtheroadsidebill-boardsalldayandflashestousincoloredlightsallnight.(根据文章作者用词来判断),Theauthorappears_modernadvertising.A.tolikeB.tobeindifferenttoC.todislikeD.toknowhowtodealwith,e.g.,Thewriterusestheexampleof“ocelots”toshowthat_.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstoworkD.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidents.,MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roads,theFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.Themainreason?Roadkill.,Thewriterusestheexampleof“ocelots”toshowthat_.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstoworkD.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidents.,篇章结构,说明文的基本结构,Descriptivewriting,Definition(Introduction),Description(Explanation),Conclusion,2.议论文的基本结构,Argumentation,Topic,Arguments,conclusion,Opinion,Supportingsentences,论点,论据,结论,3.记叙文的基本结构,Narrativewritings,Storypresentation,对文章基本结构理解的考查方式:,1.问结构,）Howisthetextorganized?,A.TopicArgumentExplanationB.OpinionDiscussionDescriptionC.MainideacomparisonsupportingexamplesD.Introductionsupportingexamples-conclusion,2)Thefirstparagraphisusedas/to3)ThefirstparagraphmentionedPeterJenningsdeathinorderto_.,2.问指代,1)Theword“everything”inparagraph2means_2)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?,3.问文章出处/前文后续,1).Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_2.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof_3)Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfromthearticleentitled_4)Whatmaybetalkedaboutbeforethefirstparagraph?/afterthelastparagraph?5)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillprobablydiscuss_,主旨大意,考查考生,技巧,加工与浓缩信息的能力,如何做主旨大意题,做此类题目时，首先要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,一、题型特点,这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。,1.标题类常见的题型:,1.Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe_.2.Thetext(passage)couldbeentitled.3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?,二：题干表现形式,1.Thispassagechieflydealswith_.2.Whatsthetopicofthearticle?3.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?4.Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?,2：大意类常见题型,Theauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassageis_.Thepassageismeantto_Thepurposeofthisarticleis_,3：目的主旨大意常见题型,三：主题句呈现的形式,A.文首,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。,1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?,Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.,1.Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.,Sample2,Sample3,Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.,B.文尾,在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。,2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessi-onalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance,So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance,Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.,C.文中,通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。,3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only79.Twodayssale.Hu-rry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.BuyingATVSetB.ASellingMethodC.BuyerBewareD.TVOnSale,Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.,(detail)(detail)(detail),Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.,无主题句,即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.,detail,detail,detail,TypesOfParagraphStructures,Atthebeginn