[电子信息精品] 允许的角速度模式和预地平线制度 外文翻译

毕业设计说明书外文文献及翻译学生姓名学号学院信息商务学院学院专业电子科学与技术指导教师2011年6月1外文资料原文THEPERMITTEDANGULARVELOCITYPATTERNANDTHEPREHORIZONREGIMEFERNANDODEFELICEABSTRACTTHEREEXISTMECHANICALEFFECTSWHICHALLOWANOBSERVERONCIRCULARITSAROUNDAMETRICSOURCETORECOGNIZETHELIKELYCLOSENESSOFANEVENTHORIZONWHENTHESEEFFECTSMANIFESTLHEMSELVESTHESPACETIMEISSAIDTOBEINAPREHORIZONREGIMEHERETHISCONCEPTWILLBEMADEMOREPRECISEINTHECASEOFTHEKERRMETRICINTRODUCTIONAQUESTIONOFPHYSICALINTERESTISWHETHERANOBSERVERINORBITAROUNDABLACKHOLECANREALIZEFROMWITHINHISRESTFRAME,HOWCLOSEHEISTOTHEEVENTHORIZONIFTHEOBSERVERISMOVINGONSPATIALLYCIRCULARTRAJECTORIESTHENTHEREAREATLEASTTHREEMECHANICALEFFECTSWHICHSIGNALTHELIKELYPROXIMITYTOANEVENTHORIZONTHESEAREITHETHRUSTNEEDEDTOKEEPTHEORBITCIRCULAR,INCREASESOUTWARDWITHTHEMODULUSOFTHEORBITALFREQUENCYOFREVOLUTIONIITHELOCALINERTIALCOMPASSAGYROSCOPEPRECESSESFORWARDSWITHRESPECTTOTHEORBITALFREQUENCYOFREVOLUTIONIIITHEFORWARDGYROSCOPICPRECESSIONINCREASESWITHTHEMODULUSOFTHEORBITALFREQUENCYOFREVOLUTIONIFWECALLFTHESPATIALACCELERATIONOFTHEORBITTHESPECIFICTHRUST,RTHEANGULARFREQUENCYOFTHEORBITALREVOLUTIONASWOULDBEMEASUREDATINFINITY,Q2THEANGULARFREQUENCYOFPRECESSIONOFTHELOCALCOMPASSOFINERTIAANDS2QG/S2L,CONDITIONSITOIIICANBEEXPRESSEDRESPECTIVELYAS2WHENALLTHESEPROPERTIESARESATISFIEDTHESPACETIMEISTHENSAIDTOBEINAPREHORIZONREGIMEEVIDENTLYCONDITIONS1AREMEANINGFULONLYIFTHEOBSERVERISABLETOMEASURETHEWORKPARTIALLYSUPPARTEDBYTHEITALIANSPACEAGENCYUNDERCONTRACTAS191RS49THREEPARAMETERSF,Z2ANDZ2ANDALSOABLETODISTINGUISHBETWEENINWARDSANDOUTWARDSWITHRESPECTTOTHEMETRICSOURCEZ2ISTHEMOSTDIFFICULTQUANTITYTODETERMINEWITHOUTSOMEINTERACTIONWITHADISTANTOBSERVERTOKNOWCINFACTONESHOULDKNOWITSMODULUSANDITSSIGNWITHRESPECTTOALOCALCLOCKWISEDIRECTIONITISLIKELYTHATWITHINHISORBITINGFRAMETHEOBSERVERISABLETOMEASUREONLYSOMEFUNCTIONOFA,INWHICHCASEITWILLDEPENDONTHESPECIFICCASEUNDERINVESTIGATIONWHETHERTHEOBSERVERISABLETOVERIFYCONDITIONS1ORNOTINSCHWARZSCHILDSPACETIME,FOREXAMPLE,OBSERVERSMOVINGONACIRCULARORBITCANDETERMINE,WITHASUITABLEMEASUREMENTOFTHELOCALSTRESSES,THEDIRECTIONOFTHEORBITALREVOLUTIONANDTHEMODULUSOFITSPROPERFREQUENCY,NAMELYZ2MULTIPLIEDBYTHEREDSHIFTFACTORDEFELICEETA11993SINCETHEREDSHIFTFACTORISPOSITIVE,CONDITIONS1FORAPREHORIZONINSCHWANSCHILDSPACETIMECANBEREFORMULATEDINTERMSOFTHEPROPERFREQUENCY,ALLOWINGTHEORBITINGOBSERVERTOIDENTIFYWITHOUTAMBIGUITIESHISSPATIALPOSITIONINTHEKERRMETRIC,ONTHECONTRARY,ITISNOTYETCLEARHOWONESHOULDDETERMINETHEANGULARFREQUENCYOFTHEORBITALREVOLUTIONQORACONVENIENTFUNCTIONOFIT,THEREFOREISHALLASSUME,FORTHEPURPOSEOFTHEFOLLOWINGDISCUSSION,THATALLTHEPARAMETERSINIAREKNOWNAPRIORICONDITIONS1TELLTHEORBITINGOBSERVERTHATIFANEVENTHORIZONEXISTSITISGOINGTOBECLOSE,BUTNOTHOWCLOSEMOREOVER,THEYMAYHOLDWITHOUTANEVENTHORIZONREALLYEXISTINGTHISSITUATIONOCCURSINTHEOVERCHARGEDREISSNERNORDSTROMSPACETIMEANDINSIDEASTATIC,INCOMPRESSIBLE,SPHERICALSTAR,DESCRIBEDBYTHEINTERNALSCHWARZSCHILDSOLUTIONDEFELICE1991ANDALSOINTHEKERRNAKEDSINGULARITYSOLUTIONDEFELICEETAL1991INTHEKENMETRICTHEIDENTIFICATIONOFTHEPREHORIZONMADEINDEFELICEETAL1991INCLUDEDAREGIONWHERENOTALLOFCONDITIONS1WERESATISFIEDIWILLDEDUCEHERETHECORRECTPREHORIZONSTRUCTURESECTION3ANDSUGGESTANOPERATIONALPROCEDUREWHICHALLOWSTHEORBITINGOBSERVERTORECOGNIZETHATHISORBITISCOROTATINGWITHTHE3METRICSOURCE,THATTHELOCALOUTWARDDIRECTIONDIRECTIONAWAYFROMTHESOURCEISCONCORDANTWITHTHESENSEOFTHEPHYSICALTHRUSTANDWHATHISPOSITIONISWITHRESPECTTOTHEPHOTONCIRCULARORBITSIWILLFURTHERBRINGINTOEVIDENCEAMODEOFBEHAVIOUROFTHEORBITINGGYROSCOPE,WHICHCOULDBEINTERPRETEDASAMEMORYBYTHEBACKGROUNDGEOMETRYOFTHESTATICCASEITDEVIATESFROMEVIDENTLYTHEOBSERVERISASSUMEDTOKNOWAPRIORITHATTHEBACKGROUNDGEOMETRYISGIVENBYTHEKERRMEACNDTHATHEISONASPATIALLYCIRCULAREQUATORIALORBITTHEUNITSARESUCHTHATC1GGREEKINDICESRUNFROM0TO3KERRMETRICCIRCULARORBITSANDTHEPERMITTEDANGULARVELOCITYPATTERNINBOYERANDLINDQUISTCOORDINATESMISNERETAL1973,THEKENMETRICISDESCRIBEDBYTHELINEELEMENTWHEREAANDMARETHESPECIFICANGULARMOMENTUMANDTOTALMASSOFTHEMETRICSOURCERESPECTIVELY,ANDTHEFAMILYOFTIMELIKESPATIALLYCIRCULARORBITSINSPACETIME1ISGIVENBYWHEREKANDMARETHETIMEANDTHEAXIALKILLINGVECTORSRESPECTIVELYRU/UIS,ASSTATED,THEANGULARFREQUENCYOFREVOLUTION,ANDEISTHEREDSHIFTFACTORWHICHISGIVENBYISHALLLIMITMYCONSIDERATIONSTOTHEEQUATORIALPLANE6X/2“HEREQUIREMENTTHATUBETIMELIKECONSTRAINSRTOTHERANGE4WHEREARESOLUTIONSOFTHEEQUATIONEU0ITISCONVENIENTTOINTRODUCEANEWVARIABLETHEPLOTSOFTHEFUNCTIONSYYCR,A,LIMITEDTOTHEREGIONOUTSIDETHEOUTEREVENTHORIZON,ARESHOWNINFIGURE2THEEXTREMAOFYCOCCURATTHEPHOTONCIRCULARORBITSWHOSERADIALCOORDINATESWILLBEDENOTEDASRANDWHOSELOCATIONISFIXEDBYTHEEQUATIONWHEREFIGURE1WHICHISTHELOCUSOFTHEEVENTHORIMNTOCOMPLETETHEANALYSISOFFYRWENEEDTOFINDITSCRITICALPOINTSFROM10WE5HAVEFIGURE2THEPLOTSLIMITEDTOTHEREGIONINTHEEQUATORIALPLANEWHICHISOUTSIDETHEANGULARFREQUENCYOFGRAVITATIONALDRAGFROM7AND15THISOCCURSWHENASSTATEDINTHEINTRODUCTION,INAPREHORIZONRSHOULDINCREASEWITHY,HENCEWESEARCHFORWHERETHISISTRUEFROM17ANDTHEDEFINITIONOFR,WEHAVE6THESOLUTIONSOF20AREGIVENBYINORDERTORECOGNIZETHEANALYTICALBEHAVIOUROF23WENEEDTOCOMPARE21AND22WITHTHEOTHERFUNCTIONSA2RWHICHWEREESSENTIALINORDERTODRAWTHEPAVPATTERNOFFIGURE2ITISSTRAIGHTFORWARDTOFINDTHAT7CONCLUSIONTHEMAINQUESTIONWHICHMOTIVATEDTHEPRESENTINVESTIGATIONISBOWANOBSERVERORBITINGAROUNDABLACKHOLECANIDENTIFYHISSPATIALPOSITIONWITHRESPECTTOTHEMETRICSOURCE,BYMEANSOFMEASUREMENTSPERFORMEDONLYWITHINHISRESTFRAMEASPACESHIP,SAYMOREPRECISELY,ONEMAYASKWHATISTHEMINIMUMAMOUNTOFAPRIORIINFORMATIONNECESSARYINORDERTOSETUP,WITHLOCALEXPERIMENTS,ANONAMBIGUOUSORIENTATIONINSPACETIMEWITHOUTINTERACTINGWITHASETOFDIFFERENTOBSERVERSEVIDENTLYITISESSENTIALTOKNOWHOWMECHANICALSYSTEMS,SUCHASAPHYSICALTHRUSTANDAGYROSCOPE,RESPONDTOACHANGEOFTHEORBITALFREQUENCYOFREVOLUTIONFORTHELOCALIZATIONOFTHEORBITINTHEPAVPATTERNFORTHISREASONIHAVEDISCUSSEDTHESTRUCTUREOFTHEPAVPATTERNINTHEEQUATORIALPLANEOFTHEKERRMETRICTHEPREHORIZONISTHEMOSTINTERESTINGPARTOFTHISSTRUCTURE,SINCEITHOSTS,LOOSELYSPEAKING,AGRAVITATIONALFIELD,THESTRENGTHOFWHICHFORESHADOWSTHELIKELYCLOSENESSTOANEVENTHORIZONWHILETHISCRITERIONISUNAMBIGUOUSINSCHWARZSCHILDANDREISSNERNORDSTROMSPACETIMESDEFELICE1991DEFELICEETAL1993,INTHEKERRMETRICTHEROTATIONOFTHESOURCECONTRIBUTESTOANAPPARENTWEAKENINGOFTHEGRAVITATIONALSTRENGTHFORCOROTATINGORBITS,CAUSINGASHRINKINGOFTHEPREHORIZONREGIMEHOWEVER,MONITORINGTHEBEHAVIOUROFTHEPHYSICALTHRUSTWITHTHEANGULARFREQUENCYOFREVOLUTIONS2,ONECANSTILLRECOVERTHENECESSARYINFORMATIONABOUTTHEOBSERVERSPOSITIONWITHRESPECTTOANEVENTHORIZONFORTHISTOBEPOSSIBLEONEHASTODETERMINE,FROMWITHINTHEORBITINGFRAME,THEDIRECTIONOFTHEORBITALREVOLUTIONWITHRESPECTTOALOCALCLOCKWISEDIRECTIONANDTHEMODULUSOFITSPROPERFREQUENCYTHISANDTHEEXTENTIONTOELECTROMAGNETICTYPESOFMEASUREMENTSISNOWAMATTEROFINVESTIGATION8外文资料翻译允许的角速度模式和预地平线制度费尔南多德费利切摘要本文假设允许存在一个观察员及其周边参数回归源认识到事件的时候可能产生力学效应。当这些影响体现在时空中的时候就被认为是在预地平线制度。在这里角速度这个概念会更加精确度量。简介物理学中有兴趣的一个问题是在黑洞周围的轨道观测器是否可以实现从框架内的构想，无论它是是多么接近事件视界。但当观察员在圆形轨道上移动时，至少有三个力学效应该信号可能接近事件视界。它们是（1）需要保持圆形轨道推力，随模G2533G3818G5322G1292的轨道G20069G10587。（G21）地G7053G5827G5627G13611G11436（G19476G15758G1214）G1863G1122G17728G2469轨道G20069G10587的G5322G1292G20069G10587。（G22）G994轨道G2533G2081G19476G15758G5322G1292度模量G3698加的G20069G10587。G3G3926G7536G6117们G16855G11004G73轨道的空G19400加速度（G1867体推力），假设角速度的轨道测量G20069G10587G4570在无G12363G17840，G18039么G53的角G20069G10587G5827G5627G2656G52A1G11468G1863，这时G7477件（1）至（G22）可G2010G2047G15932G12046为当G6164有这些G4658G5627G18129G3800G1122时空的时候，就G16840是在预地平线制度。G7186G9994G7477件（1）G6177有G5859G1053，假设观察G13785G17836能G3827到测量G5049G1328G18108G2010，G18039么假设G93G21是G7380G3268G19602的数量，就能G3827确G4462一些G17977G17840的观察G13785的G11468G1126信G5699G1144G8981G30G6496G6581G8611个G1166G18129应该G11705道它的模量及其G994G4574G18337当地的G20046时G19036G7053G2533的G7643G5547。G5468可能在它的轨道G5115的观察员能G3827测量的G2494有一个G2001数，在这G12193G5785G1929G991，G4570G2474G1927G1122G4557G6164G16855G7609的G1867体G5785G1929是否能G3827G20576G16789观测G7477件（1）。在G2502G10938G16211时空，G1375G3926，观察员在圆形轨道上移动，G18039么G17902G17819G17878当的9G4628G18108应力测量G7481G1284G12651轨道G7053G2533的G5322G1292G2656G17878当的G20069G10587，其模量G2375G11013G13430移G1068以G93G21G3252G4388。G11013G1122G13430移G3252G13044是G12227G7509的，预G7477件（1）视G18338中G54G70G75G90G68G81G86G70G75G76G79D可以G18337新在G17878当的G20069G10587上，允许观察员的轨道，以确G4462他没有模棱两可的空G19400位置。G3G11468反，G4557G1122克尔度量G7481G16840，目G2081尚不清楚应G3926何确G4462角G20069G10587的轨道革命G52或它的一个G7053便的功能，G3252此G6117应当承担G991列讨论的目的，G6164有的参数（1）是已G11705先G20576。G7477件（1）告诉轨道观察员，G3926G7536一个事件视界的存在，它G4570会是接近，而不是G3926何结束G30此G3818，他们可能在没有真实存在的一个事件视界。这G12193G5785G1929G2469生在多收的G2081庭，诺世全时空，在一个静态的，不可压缩，球明星，G11013内G18108G2502G10938G16211解（德费利切描述1991年），并在克尔裸奇点的解G1927G7053案（德菲菲等1991）。G3当PREG75ORG76G93OG81度量的鉴G4462在德菲菲等G1166（1991）不包括在G7477件（1）G6164有地区G18129满G5859。G6117G4570在这里演绎正确的预层结构（第G22G7477），并建议允许一个G1328业程序在轨观测承认，它的轨道是合G1328G994度量源旋G17728，G2375本地G2533G3818G7053G2533（G7053G2533G17840离源）G994谐G2656感物理推力，它的位置就光G4388环形轨道的。G6117会进一步的G16789据，使一个G19476G15758G1214的轨道行为模式，这可能是解释为一个G11013静态G5785G1929G991，它背离了背景几何内存。G7186G9994，假设观察G13785先G20576地G11705道一个背景几何G11013科尔给了G6117在他G7481G16840认为这是赤道的轨道是圆形空G19400的假设。单位是使得CG31克G30希腊从0到G22指数G21。克尔度量圆形轨道，并允许角速度模式在博耶G2656林德基斯特坐G7643（米斯纳等G1166197G22年），G11013肯度量描述线元G13044G3其中AG2656M是G1867体的角动量G2656总质量的度量源G2010G2047为，并G1000空G19400的G12879在时空中圆形轨道其中KG2656M的时G19400G2656G17736G2533G7444G17745体G2010G2047G994RG117/U的是，正G3926（3）指G1998的G5322G1292角G20069G10587G2656E是G13430移G3252G13044为10当G13783G15397到赤道平G19766（6X/2号）时其中是G7053程解G1927G7053案G11017G4388EA2A3G30。它可以G7053便地G5353G1849新的G2476量G3在G2001数G92G3G3G92A5A6G11RG15G68G12G5785G14422（001一），G1177G19492G1122区G3818的G3818事件地平线，G16277G3282G21。该G92A5A6G7509G1552G2469生在光G4388圆轨道其G5464G2533坐G7643G4570被G16772为RA6，其位置是G3278G4462的G1856式G3其中A0A4A7A8A9A10A11A12A13A10A11A14A15A16A17A18A19A14A15A7A8A9A10A11A20A21A10A1111要G4448G6116G73G11G92G30G3RG3G12的G2010G7524，G6117们需要G6226到它的G1032界点。从（10）G6117们有G3A22A23A24A25A26A27A28A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40是G5353力G6314G7367角G20069G10587。从（7）G2656（1G24）G2469生这G12193G5785G1929时正G3926在G5353G1849预先地平线时G53的G11468应G3698加量为G92一G7691，G6117们G4557G1122这些的G6518G13046是真的。G11013（17）G2656G53A41的G4462G1053，G6117们有G312本（G210）解G1927G7053案G18129是G17902G17819G29G3为了确认（G21G22），G6117们G8616G17751（G211）G2656G2010G7524行为（G21G21）G994G68A42G11RG12的其他功能的其中G5529要的，以便G13484制的G51AG57G16G7696