精品初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习.doc

初中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, well go fishing together.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。I.含有条件状语从句的复合句一、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形Should/Would/could/might +动词原形If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were to+动词原形Should/Would/ could/might +动词原形If you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词Should/Would/could/might + have+过去分词If Id known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.注意事项：1倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。 If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home.3Iftherewerent/hadnotbeen+=without4Ifitwerenotfor/Ifithadntbeenfor=butfor5otherwise+虚拟语气的句子II.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 sb.did(希望现在用过去式)1.wish+thatsb.haddone（希望过去用过去完成式） sb.would/shoulddo（希望将来用过去将来）2.wouldrather后的从句要用虚拟语气。虚拟现在were,did(动词一般过去式)虚拟过去haddone虚拟将来did(动词一般过去式)例：IwouldratherIhadntsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.（虚拟过去） Idratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.（虚拟将来）Idratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(虚拟现在)3.suggest+（that）S+should+do表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should动词原形，should常常省略。这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested，require等。注意：1.suggest当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气2.insist当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。判断改错：（错）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill. （对）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill. （错）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong. （对）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.III.虚拟语气用在主语从句Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可省略。Itis后可用的词有三类：suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等IV虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should)动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议），idea等。eg.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoffV虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should)动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。eg.Mysuggestionisthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizes.VI虚拟语气用在定语从句中Itis（abouthigh）timethatsb.didsth/shoulddosth.eg.Dontyouthinkitsabouttimewewenthome？注：在thisisthefirsttimesecondtimethat句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。eg.IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong？VII.虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中1在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他俩去办公室。2由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。3虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），forfearthat及incase引导的目的状语从句中。在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should动词原形构成，should也可省略。eg.HewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagainVIII虚拟语气用情感语言中1虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。eg.Youshouldnthavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely；youshouldhavekeptyourdistance2Ifonlysb./sth.+时态后退型的谓语eg.IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.虚拟语气练习(1). If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster. A. be B. was C. were D. am(2). I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak with French accents. A. dont B. will not C. mustnt D. wouldnt (3) today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday? A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave(4). If Jone tomorrow, what would you do? A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come(5). “She didnt ask me, so I didnt help her?”“You mean to say , you wouldve helped her ?” A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you C.had she asked you D. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them . A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him, to him? A. would they have talked B. would they talk C.had they talked D. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I travel in crowded buses, but I to see lots of films. A. shall have to/shall be able B. shall have to/am able C. would have to/were able D. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had(10). I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having(11). your help, I would not have succeeded. A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for(12). “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.” A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become(13). “Why didnt you help him?”“I would have I didnt have the money.” A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or(14). “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong .” A. goes B. would go C. go D. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on weeknights.A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch(16). I cant speak Japanese, but I do wish I . A. can B. could C. had D. speak(17). “Are you enjoying your stay here?“Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”A. wont B. dont C. mustnt D. didnt(18). “What will you do during the summer holidays?”“I dont know, but its about time on something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. Id decided(19). Id rather you anything about it for the time being. A. say B. didnt say C. dont say D. not say(20). “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.” A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he it. A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget(22). “how does the librarian act?”“He acts as if he a walking dictionary.”A. were B. be C. is D. has been(23). There is a law that drunken drivers severely punished. A. were B. are C. be D. will be(24). I wish you interrupt when Im talking on the phone. A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it him. A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand(26). Jeff looked as if he a ghost. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see(27). Give her my best regards, . A. should you see her today B. if you saw her today C. if