全国小学生英语能力竞赛(低年级)10-形容词和副词.doc

第十讲 形容词，副词 1A.形容词1.用法：用来形容名词或代词，说明事物或人的特征或性质的词。可在句子中做定语，表语。做定语时修饰名词或代词（一般为不定代词），修饰名词时常放于名词前，修饰不定代词时常放于不定代词后.This is a red pen. （定语）这是一只红钢笔。Can you hear the loud noise? （定语）你听见大的吵闹声了吗？The quiet girl is my sister. （定语）那个安静的女孩是我妹妹。He lives a happy life. （定语）他过着幸福生活。He is a nice boy. （定语）他是一个帅气的男孩.做表语时和系动词（简称系词）连用，构成一个系表结构。例如：That coat is new. （作表语）那件外套是新的.The noise is very loud . （表语）吵声很大My sister looks very quiet . （表语）我妹妹看起来很安静。He feels happy. （表语）他感觉很快乐。2. 在句子中的位置 单个形容词作定语时,修饰名词时放在名词前，两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时, 同种类形容词的排列顺序一般应考虑以下两种情况: .和被修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词位置更靠近名词 It is a touching English film. .音节少的形容词在前, 音节多的形容词在后I have a small but beautiful room.She is a tall black girl. 她是一个高个黑皮肤女孩。 修饰不定代词something，anything等不定代词时，形容词要放在不定代词之后.There is something wrong with the car. （定语）这个小车出毛病了。I have nothing new to tell you. （定语）我没什么新东西告诉你。Do you have anything interesting to tell us? （定语）你有一些有趣的东西告诉我们吗？I have something special for you. （定语）我有些特别的东西要给你. 如果遇到冠词或代词与形容词同时修饰一个名词时，一般依据这样的顺序： 冠词或代词+形容词+名词 My new pants 我的新裤子 A beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 常和形容词连用构成系表结构的连系动词有：look （看起来，看上去）， feel （感觉）， taste （尝起来）， smell （闻起来），get （变得），turn（变），become（成为，变得），sound （听起来）等。 The weather gets warmer and the trees turn green in spring. 春天天气变暖和了，树变绿了。The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。The soup tastes nice. 这汤尝上去很好吃。You look fine. 你看起来气色很好。3.比较级与最高级变化形容词、副词比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化规则变化（1） 一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容词（或副词）比较级er ， 最高级est 原级 比较级 最高级clever cleverer cleverest few fewer fewest small smaller smallesttall taller tallestold older oldest（2）以e结尾的词，比较级r，最高级stnicenicernicest cutecutercutest largelargerlargest（3）以辅音字母y结尾的变y为ier或esteasy easiereasiest happyhappierhappiestearly earlier earliest busy busier busiestheavy heavier heaviest dirty dirtier dirtiestlazy lazier laziest（4）闭音节的单音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写最后一个辅音字母er或est （同学要用心去记） fatfatterfattest thinthinnerthinnest hothotterhottest redredderreddest wetwetterwettest bigbiggerbiggest（5）多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前more构成比较级，the most构成最高级。 beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful . delicious more delicious the most delicious popular more popular the most popular important more important the most important interesting more interesting the most interestingexpensive more expensive the most expensive双音节的词如 carefulmore careful the most careful useful more useful the most useful . 少数单音节词也是这样如：pleasedmore pleased the most pleased tiredmore tried the most tired 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best many more most much more most bad worse worst old elder/older eldest/oldest little less least ill worse worst far f arther /further farthest/furthest 特殊的形容词: 有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词, 而不是副词, 这样的词如: friendly友好的, lovely可爱的, lonely孤独的,形容词副词专项练习1一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old young tall long short strong big small fat thin heavy light nice good beautiful low high slow fast late early far well 二选择最适合的选项( )1My sister is a _ girl. Agood Bwell Cvery( )2 _ _ are you? Im _, thank you AWhat；good BHow；fine CWhat；fine DHow；good( )3. Oranges are _ Apurple Bblue Corange( )4The grass around my house is very_ A. black Bblue Cgreen( )5The sky is _. The c1oud is _ Ablue；red Bred；brown Cblue；white( )6I _ go to school at 8：00 am Avery Bmuch Coften( )7Mr Wang is a _ teacher. A. tall old English B. English old tall C. old tall English三.根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years _ (old) than me.2.Tom is as _ (fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _ (young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is _ (thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-box is _ (big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as _ (long) as Lucys.7.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls.8.My eyes are_ (big) than_ (she).四.用所给的形容词的恰当形式填空:1.Today is _(hot)than yesterday.Its_(hot)day of the year.2.The Changjiang River is _(long)river in China.3.The moon is _(small)of the three.4.My flat is _ (good)than yours.5.My pencil is _ (short).Your pencil is _ (long).6.Tim is _ (old)than Peter. He is _ (old)in our class.第十讲 形容词，副词 2一形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) 1. 在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2. 副词是用以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词以及全句的词 例如：The men and the women walk quickly. 这些男女走得很快。The children walk slowly. 孩子们走得很慢。They often laugh loudly. 他们经常大声地笑。They do their homework quietly. 他们安静地做作业。Unluckily he hurt his leg. 不幸的是，他伤了腿。He runs too fast. 他跑得太快。二分类 :修饰动词，形容词或其他副词或全句，说明时间，地点和程度，方式等概念。 .时间副词, 如: often, always, early, now,then,soon,today .地点副词, 如: here, there, home,in,out,above, outside,inside .方式副词, 如: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly，carefully,quickly.程度副词, 如: very, quite, much, still, almost,hardly,.频度副词.如：never,seldom,sometimesl,usually,often,always其他：also,either,too,only,perhaps三功能：副词在句中的作用: 副词修饰动词, 形容词, 名词, 副词或全句, 在句中的作用如下1. 作状语:He always does his homework carefully. 2.作表语: a. He is abroad. b. The class is over. c. The football match is on. 3.作定语: 副词作定语时置于被修饰词之后 a. This is her first day up. b. The comrades here give us a lot of help. 4.作补语(包括宾语补足语和主语补足语): a. I found all the lights on when I got home last night.四.副词在句中的位置: 1.时间副词和地点副词的位置: .表示确定时间的副词和表示地点的副词一般放在句尾. 若句中同时有地点副词和时间副词, 地点副词通常在前, 时间副词在后 a. They went to the Summer Palace yesterday. b. We often goes there. c. I will go there tomorrow. .表示不确定时间的副词(如: always, usually, often, never, ever, seldom, sometimes,)的位置: 句子谓语是be时, 位于其后; 句子谓语是单个完全动词时, 位于其前; 句子谓语由不完全动词与完全动词一起组成时, 位于第一个不完全动词之后. a. She always helps her mother with the housework. b. The old man seldom goes out. c. He is always the first to come to class. 2.程度副词除enough之外, 一般放在被修饰词之前 a. The student is very careful with his work. b. He swims quite well. c. The boy is old enough to go to school. 3.方式副词的位置: .修饰不及物动词的方式副词要放在被修饰词之后 a. His sister sings well. b. The baby is sleeping soundly.四. 形容词和副词的转化规则1. 直接加ly. 如：loud loudly quiet quietly slow slowly quick quickly careful carefully wonderful wonderfully2. 以y结尾的形容词，去“y”为i再加-ly. 例如：happy happily easy easily hungry hungrily heavy heavily 3. 有的形容词和副词同形late, early, fast , high 等 例如： He was late. （形容词）他晚了 He came late . （副词）他来晚了。 A train is fast. （形容词）火车快。A train runs fast . （副词）火车跑得快。The building is high. （形容词）这个楼高。He jumps high. （副词）他跳得高 五.副词的比较级和最高级和形容词一样，副词也有比较级和最高级，变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同。但要注意有些以ly结尾的副词，要用more或most来构成比较级和最高级.slowly-more slowly-most slowly 不规则变化：well-better-best, much-more-most badly-worseworst