英语语法之《状语从句》

高考英语 语法 专题复习系列课件 01 状语从句 定义 在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句 它可以用来修饰谓语 包括非谓语动词 定语或状语 或是整个句子 准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键 同时要注意主从句的时态呼应 状语从句一般分为九大类 状语从句类别 时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句 1 时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有 when while as themoment before after till until since assoonas等 请注意when while as的区别 When 当 时候 通常指某一特定的时间点 主句与从句的动作同时发生 WhenIopenedthewindow Isawhimcomeup WhenIhavetime Iwillgotoseeyou WhenIcamehome Imetanoldschoolmateofmine Hesaidhewouldtellheraboutitwhenhesawher 注意 在时间状语从句中 主从句都是将来的动作或状态时 习惯上主句用将来时 从句用一般现在时 When 正在 的时候 突然 通常主句是进行时或beaboutto时 在翻译的时候 when可以译成没想到或突然 Iwaswalkingalongthestreet whenImethim Iwasabouttofallasleepwhenmysistercamein Oneevening littleHanswassittingnearthefirewhenheheardaloudknockatthedoor When当从句是进行时 主句是一般时 往往表示不满 SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast WhenIwasleavingthehouse thepostmanarrived Whenthechildrenhadgonetobed shebegantoprepareherlessons When after While 在 期间 往往指一段时间 WhilewewereinAmerica wesawhimtwice Whileweweretalking hecamein Strikewhiletheironishot While 表示一种不满情绪 意思是这边在干某种重要的事 而另一边在享受等 Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball Thesoldierfacesthepowderwhilethebeautypowdertheface WhileIamwashingthefloor youcanbecleaningthewindows As 一边 一边 随着 Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic Asshegrewolder shebecamemorebeautiful As 当 时 指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生 从句通常用进行时 AsIwasgoingout itbegantorain IsawMaryasshewasgoingonthebus Ashewaseatinghisbreakfast heheardsomeoneknockatthedoor SomeonepattedmeontheshoulderasIwasstandingbeforetheshopwindow Themoment 一 就 assoonas immediately DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher Yes IgaveherthemomentIsawher Not until 直到 才 Hedidn tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework Helefttheofficewhenhefinishedthework Not until可以和when互换 Before 在 之前 Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts Didyouworkasastewardessbeforeyoucometothiscompany ItwasnotlongbeforeIforgotitall Itwas willbe before 是常用句型 HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim After 在 之后 Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent Theplanetookoffaftertheairtrafficcontrollergaveclearance Since 自从 通常主句用现在完成时 IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity Thecaptainhastraveledalmosteverywhereintheworldsincehebecameapilot Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere Itis hasbeen since 是常用句型 Assoonas 一 就 Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell I llringyouupassoonasIgetananswerfromhim Nosoonerthan 一 就 Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain nosooner than 用于句首要求倒装 Hardly when Scarcely when Onceyouseehim youwillneverforgethim Once 一但 就 Everytime eachtime每次whenever每当 Eachtimehecametotown hewouldvisitourschool Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties theycametohelpus 2 条件状语从句 引导状语从句的连接词有 If unless aslongas incase providedthat onconditionthat If 如果 Ifyoudon thurryup youwillmisstheplane Ifitsnowstomorrow theflightwillbecanceled Ifyouleaveat6o clocktomorrowmorning you dbettergettobednow Unless 如果不 除非 ifnot Wecan tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight Wecannotgetthereontimeifwedon tbooktheearliestflight Don ttroubletroubleunlesstroubletroublesyou Hewillnotjoinusunlesshechangeshismind Aslongas 只要 Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying Youcan tplaygamesaslongasyouremembertherules Amanisnotoldaslongasheisseekingsomething As so faras 据 所知 AsfarasIknow hespeaksEnglishverywell As SofarasIknow heisanexpertonDNA Incase 假使 如果 Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty Providedthat如果 有时省略that Theplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully Youcanbecomeastewardessprovidedthatyouareingoodshapeandyouhavegotthepropereducation Onconditionthat 条件是 Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak ThemotherpromisedtothesontobuyhimatoyairplaneonconditionthathepasseshisEnglishtest 注 主从句的动作发生在将来时 则主句用将来时 从句用一般现在时 Ifhearrivestomorrow Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport Hesaidhewouldnotleaveunlessitwasfinenextday 3 地点状语从句 地点状语从句只有两个连词 Where wherever Where 在 地方 Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit Wherethathighbuildingstands thereusedtobesomelow desertedhouses Wherethereisawill thereisaway Wherever 无论哪里 Hefollowsherwherevershegoes Whereveryouare Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou 4 原因状语从句 because as since nowthat 和consideringthat seeingthat这六个连词都用于表示表示原因 但在语气上一个比一个弱 Because 因为 通常从句放在主句后 MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn tfindhisluggage Hesaidthathecouldn tworkbecausethecomputerwasoutoforder IsucceedbecauseIwilledit Ineverhesitated IdoitbecauseIlikeit As 因为 通常放在句首 Asitisquitewindytoday hedecides Asheishonestandmodest allhisfriendslikehim Since 既然因语气较弱 常译为既然 Sinceeverybodyhascome wecansetoff Sincethepurserdidn ttelluswhattodo wecanrelax Nowthat 既然 Nowthatyouarehere youcanjoinus Nowthatallairlinesofferdiscountprices weshoulddothesame consideringthat 顾及到 Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners theyaredoingquiteagoodjob seeingthat 由于 Seeing that quiteafewpeoplewereabsent wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff 5 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有 that sothat so that such that So that 太 以至于so后面应用形容词或副词 有时省略so只用that Boeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb Theflightscheduledsoearlythatnobodywantedtolookonit Sothat 因而 以便 为了有时so可以省去 CanyoumoveyourluggagealittlebitawaysothatIcanputmineintheoverheadbintoo Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou Whenyouskinyourcustomers youshouldleavesomeskinontogrowsothatyoucanskinthemagain Such that 太 以至于用法与so that相同 但such后面应用名词 Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim TheCanadianairline shangarissuchahugebuildingthatitcanholdtwomedium rangejetsatthesametime 6 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有 that sothat inorderthat forfearthat lest Let stakethefrontseats so thatwemayseemoreclearly So that 以便 从句中常常使用一些情态动词 如 can could may might should等 inorderthat 为了 与sothat相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词 如 can could may might should等 Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm forfearthat 生怕 为了防止 某事发生 Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit Theinstructoremphasizedontheissuethreetimesforfearthatthestudentsdidnotpayenoughattentiontotheproblem incase 万一 Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit Pleasetakeanumbrellaincaseitrains Lest 以防万一 Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim Themanageroftheworkshopaskedhisstafftoworkovertimelesttheywouldn tfinishthetaskontime 7 比较状语从句 引导比较状语从句的连词有 As as notso as as than themore themore As as 像 一样 Ifyoudon twanttomisstheflight youneedtobeattheairportasearlyaspossible Mygrandmatoldmethathereyesightwasasgoodas10yearsbefore Cultivationtothemindisasnecessaryasfoodforthebody Notso as as 不像 ThejobisnotsodifficultasIthoughtitwouldbe Theflightwasnotso asharmfulasthecaptainpredicted than 比 怎么样 用于事物间的比较 more后面用形容词或副词 Peoplebelievethatbeingastewardessisbetterthanmostoftheotherjobs IpersonallythinkthattheAmericanmoviesaremoreinterestingthanChineseones Abeautifulformisbetterthanabeautifulface abeautifulbehavior is thanabeautifulform Themore themore 越 越 Themorehelistenedtothatsong thelessheenjoyedit Themorethingsamanisashamedof themorerespectableheis 8 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有 Although though as evenif eventhough nomatter however whatever while whether Although though 虽然although和though可以互换 但although常放在句首 Though可以用于倒装 Althoughitwasraining theplanemanagedtotakeoff Althoughitwasnothisfault hetookalltheblame Thoughhedidhisbest hedidn tsucceed Childthoughhewas hedidquitewell As 尽管as引导让步状语从句时 句子通常倒装 可与though互换 Busyasheis henevermissesafootballmatch Hardassheworks shemakeslittleprogress Evenif eventhough 即使 Evenifyoudon tlikeyourboss youshoulddoyourwork Evenifyouarenotfondofflowers youshouldn tmissthechrysanthemumexhibition EventhoughImightbewrong Iwillgomyway Eventhoughhisdeandidn tmeanit hestillfeltembarrassed However 不论 however引导让步状语从句时 句子通常倒装 Hecouldn tgetthereontimehoweverfasthedrove Thefathercouldn tmakehisdaughtersmilehoweverhardhetried Nomatter what when where how 无论 什么 何时 何地 怎样 Theoldmanwouldn tbelieveanythingnomatterwhatyousaid Pleasetellmetheresultnomatterwhenyougetit Hewouldn tforgivemenomatterhowhardIbeggedhim Iwillfindyounomatterwhereyouhide Whatever 不管 Whateverotherpeoplemaysay shewon tchangehermind Whateveryoudo itwon taffectourplan While 尽管 WhileIhavesympathyforyou Ican thelpyou Whileit snoneofmybusiness Iwillwatchyou Whether 不管 常与ornot连用 Whetherheisgoodornot thecompanydecidedtosendhimabroad Whetherhisproposalispracticalornot thedepartmentplanstoadopt 9 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由 as asif asthough as 与 一样 DoinRomeastheRomansdo Leavethingsastheyare asif asthough 仿佛 由asif或asthough引导的从句中可用虚拟语气 Shestoodatthedoorasif asthough shewerewaitingforsomeone 1 youdecidetotakeup youshouldtrytomakeitasuccess A IfB WheneverC UnlessD Whatever 2 Itisfoolishtotakeataxiyoucaneasilywalktothestation A beforeB thatC unlessD when 3 I llacceptanyjob Idon thavetogetupearly A eventhoughB thoughC incaseD aslongas 4 problemsyouhave youcanalwayscometomeforhelp A WhatB WhateverC WhicheverD Which 5 muchadviceIgavehim hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo A HowB WhateverC HoweverD Nomatter 6 DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher Yes Igaveittoher Isawher A whileB themomentC suddenlyD once 7 Ifweworkwithastrongwill wecanovercomeanydifficulty greatitis A