induction to translation studies and practice 翻译学习与实践

Induction to Translation Studies and Practice,2,Outline,I. Headaches of TranslationII. English vs. ChineseIII. Process of TranslationIV. Unit of Translationv. Criteria of Translation,I. Headaches of Translation,4,Translatability vs. Untranslatability,Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what youre gonna get.生活就像一盒巧克力，你永远不知道将会得到什么。Will you love me for the rest of my life? No, Ill love you for the rest of mine.你会爱我直到我死吗？不会，我会爱你直到我死。,Its a wise father that knows his own son.再聪明的父亲也不一定了解自己的儿子。It was another one of those Catch-22 situations, youre damned if you do and youre damned if you dont.这真是又一个左右为难的局面，做也倒霉，不做也倒霉。,Translatability vs. Untranslatability,What makes a road broad? The letter “B”.什么东西可使道路变宽？字母“B”。Why is the letter D like a bad boy?Because it makes ma mad.为什么字母“D”象个坏孩子？因为它使妈妈气疯了。,Translatability vs. Untranslatability,7,2. Literal Translation vs. Free Translation,He sank into a protesting chair.他一屁股坐在椅子上，压得椅子连声抗议。他一屁股坐在椅子上，压得椅子吱吱作响。Please observe the following dos and donts.请遵守下面能做的和不能做的。请遵守下列注意事项。,8,2. Literal Translation vs. Free Translation,The phone is ringing.电话响了。接一下电话。It is as significant as a game of cricket.这件事同板球赛一样重要。这件事同吃饭一样重要。,9,3. Source-language-orientation vs. Target-language-orientation,日间不做亏心事，夜半何惧鬼叫门。A man with a clear conscience need not fear a knock by the ghost on his door.A clear conscience is a soft pillow.鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。When the clam and curlew are locked in strife, the fisherman has its chance.When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game.,II. English vs. Chinese,11,1. Pronunciation,EnglishOne word, multi-syllabusSan Francisco DallasTwo tones Wang Hong-baoWang Hong-baoLess rhyme-and-rhythm- stressed,ChineseOne word, one syllabus三藩市达拉斯Four tones王洪宝王洪豹More rhyme-and-rhythm-stressed,12,The question were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.很明显，发言人反应慢，对这些问题也没有想到，一时就不知道要如何回答。很明显，发言人反映迟钝，对这些问题始料未及，很快就张口结舌，哑口无言。,1. Pronunciation,13,A good book may be among the best of friends, which is the same today as it always was, and which is the most patient and cheerful of companions in times of adversity and distress.好书恰似好朋友，总是一如既往，忠贞不渝。即便我们身处逆境，困顿潦倒，也会一往情深，催人奋进。,1. Pronunciation,14,Same word, different connotationsIndividualismDemocracy LandlordRed China,2. Semantics,15,No equivalentsCoffee InternetGong FuQi Gong,2. Semantics,16,Different meaningful relations between combinations of words (One plus one is not necessarily two.)The team will exam each ballot to see if it has clearly indicated a presidential choice.这个小组将检查每一张选票，以确定选票是否清楚表明了一个总统的选择。这个小组将检查每一张选票，以是确定选票是否清楚表明了选举人在总统选举时的一个选择。,2. Semantics,17,English is hypotaxis while Chinese parataxis.It was on a summer evening when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem that he heard the gate swing to and saw the girl coming running among the trees with the red-cheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.夏日的黄昏，他躺在果园里，听画眉鸟唱歌，涂鸦一首爱情诗，忽听得大门砰地关上，见那姑娘从树丛中飞奔而来，身后紧跟着呆头呆脑的红脸的乔。,3. Syntax,18,English is right-branching-direction, while Chinese left-branching-direction.John read the letter that Mary wrote to the boy that Jane was in love with.约翰读了玛丽写给珍正爱着的男孩的那封信。,3. Syntax,19,English is right-branching-direction, while Chinese left-branching-direction.E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change, growth and innovation are the norm.以变革、成长和创新为准则的电子商务是个充满挑战、充满活力的领域。,3. Syntax,20,English can not do without a subject, while Chinese can.The application has been improved. A number of new features have been added and a number of bugs have been fixed.已改进了该应用程序。增加了一些新功能，纠正了一些错误。,3. Syntax,21,English can not do without a subject, while Chinese can. A solar heater is installed on the roof of every house, providing warm water for the shower.家家房顶上都装了供淋浴用的太阳能热水器。,3. Syntax,22,English starts from the most important .John Smith389 Pine St.Fresno, CAU.S.A.,Chinese ends with the most significant.中国河南省郑州市 黄河大街十一号李海先生收,4. Discourse,23,English and Chinese both use cohesive devices to achieve textual coherence, but differ from each other in the number and usage of these devices.My father once bought a Lincoln Convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. It would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay for my college education. Sometime I think Id rather have the car.,4. Discourse,24,我父亲曾经买过一辆林肯敞篷车。他尽量省钱才买下了它。它现在会值好多钱。可是为了帮我付大学的学费他把它卖了。有时我想我情愿要那辆车。父亲曾经买过一辆林肯敞篷车。当时他是尽量省钱才买下了车。现在那辆车会值好多钱。可是父亲为了帮我付大学学费把车卖了。有时我想我情愿要那辆车。,4. Discourse,25,Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.聪明人防患于未然, 愚蠢者临渴掘井。 In line with latest trends in fashion, a few dress designers have been sacrificing elegance to audacity.为了赶时髦，有些时装设计师舍弃了优雅别致的式样，而一味追求袒胸露体的奇装异服。,5. Way of thinking:generic vs. specific,26,The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上，以点脚步声也没有。Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.在举行个别交谈之前，(我方)已经就所要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。,4. Way of thinking: inanimate vs. animate,27,A bridge will fly to span the north and south.一桥飞架南北。We are getting ahead of the story.我们已经将到故事的后面去了。,4. Way of thinking:clockwise vs. counterclockwise,28,4. Way of thinking:clockwise vs. counterclockwise,warm clothesa five percent discountemergency exitwet paintanswer the phonestanding clockcrew only,III. Process of Translation,30,1. Three Phases,A (Source) B (Receptor) (Restructuring) (Analysis)X (Transfer) Y,31,Referential Meaning is based on the objective impression by an object.landlordindividualismredThat is not funny!How are you doing, you son of a bitch?,Associated Meaning is tied to the personal experience and point of view.a wealthy but vicious mana selfish and self-centered mansocialismStop it!Are you well, my dear old friend?,2. Analysis,32,Structural Meaning is determined by the grammatical structure.I spent a long day on a hired mule before the carrier who had been my guide pointed to a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.我雇了一头骡子，邮差权充向导，骑了一整天，然后他遥指着河那边的一栋木屋。我给他钱，他默然拒绝，径自骑骡走了。,2. Analysis,33,Style is one more thing that needs to be caught at this stage.Once upon a time there was a princess. And the princess lived in a castle with her father and mother. Her father and mother were King and Queen of the country. One day the King took the Princess away on his horse and they rode over the hills and then they came.,2. Analysis,34,3. Transfer,I looked back. The town of Quilon, the white tops of its buildings barely visible above the palm-fringed coastline, was far, far away and the whisper of a train whistle came as if from another world. Here where I was in a puny primitive boat poised precariously on the gently heaving breast of the ocean, life was elemental, primeval. Here the water was deep, very deep. The blue sky over head was high, very high. The dark, little, semi-naked boatman might have been from another century, from another age altogetherwhen the earth was young and man had just learnt to build boasts and light a fire by striking a flint stone!,35,4. Restructuring,我回头望，望见了奇伦镇。从以棕榈缀着边的海岸望上去，那些房舍的白色屋瓦几乎要消失在视线中。奇伦镇已经好远，好远，连火车低呜的汽笛音听来都象来自另一个世界。这舟此刻在海浪起伏的胸膛上载浮载沉，而我坐在这原始的小舟里。生命也回归本质，回到亘古的最初。海水如此深沉，而顶上的蓝天又是如此高阔。黝黑矮小的船夫打着赤膊，也许是来自另一个世纪，另一个时代一个当大地还很年轻，一个当人类才刚学会造筏，用燧石取火的岁月！,36,4. Restructuring,再回首奇棱镇，几难见镇里白色屋顶，棕榈为边的海岸线上，上望镇已远，遥似不可及，火车汽笛声，音响如隔世。舟子弱质原始，依浪缓见起伏，随波逐流不可欺；生命至此，听天由命，一如远古始祖。这水，这样深，深不见底；那天，那般高，高入云霄。怎知这黝黑、五短，半已裸裎的船家不是来自另一个世纪，另一个时代其时，天地初辟，人始造舟，初初学会击石取火！,IV. Unit of Translation,38,Laser雷射/激光Copy拷贝/备份Telephone 德律风/电话Fans 粉丝/影迷Film 菲林/胶片Cast 卡斯/演员表Democracy 德先生/民主,Denver 丹佛Clinton 克林顿Yosemite 优胜美地Coca-cola 可口可乐Washington华盛顿/王盛堂Newmark 纽马克/牛马客,1. Phoneme,39,2. Morpheme,Walk/ingPlace/dTalk/sSpeak/erDream/yPost/-modern/ismAnti/dis/establishment/arian/ismI/ love /you.,40,3. Sentence,The credit card is not widely used because it is small but because it convenient and safe.信用卡没有被广泛地使用,因为它体积小, 不是因为它便捷和安全。信用卡被广泛使用, 并非因为其小巧, 而是因为它既方便,又安全。,41,3. Sentence,He stood convicted of sickness, hunger, wretchedness, and want.他站在那儿，因为有病、饥饿、不幸又贫困，而被判罪。他站在那儿，被判有罪，因为他有病、饥饿、不幸又贫困。,42,4. Discourse,I am sorry for the delay in replying. But I have been very bu