考拉和悉尼歌剧院及英文介绍.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除考拉和悉尼歌剧院的英文介绍The Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is a thickset arboreal marsupial herbivore native to Australia, and the only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae.The Koala is found in coastal regions of eastern and southern Australia, from near Adelaide to the southern part of Cape York Peninsula. Populations also extend for considerable distances inland in regions with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands. The Koalas of South Australia were largely exterminated during the early part of the 20th century, but the state has since been repopulated with Victorian stock. The Koala is not found in Tasmania or Western Australia.The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia on Bennelong Point. It was conceived and largely built by Danish architect Jrn Utzon, who in 2003 received the Pritzker Prize, architectures highest honour.1 The citation stated“ There is no doubt that the Sydney Opera House is his masterpiece. It is one of the great iconic buildings of the 20th century, an image of great beauty that has become known throughout the world a symbol for not only a city, but a whole country and continent. ”The Opera House was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 28 June 2007.2 It is one of the worlds most distinctive 20th century buildings, and one of the most famous performing arts centres in the world.The Sydney Opera House is situated on Bennelong Point in Sydney Harbour, close to the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Contrary to the implication of the name, it houses a multi-venue performing arts centre, rather than a single Opera theatre. As well as hosting many touring productions in a variety of performance genres, the Sydney Opera House is a major presenting venue for Opera Australia, The Australian Ballet, the Sydney Theatre Company and the Sydney Symphony. It is administered by the Sydney Opera House Trust, under the New South Wales Ministry of the Arts.悉尼歌剧院的英文介绍Sydney Opera House must be one of the most recognisable images of the modern world - up there with the Eiffel Tower and the Empire State Building - and one of the most photographed. Not only is it recognisable, it has come to represent Australia. Although only having been open since 1973, it is as representative of Australia as the pyramids are of Egypt and the Colosseum of Rome. The Opera House is situated on Bennelong Point, which reaches out into the harbour. The skyline of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the blue water of the harbour and the Sydney Opera House, viewed from a ferry or from the air, is dramatic and unforgettable. Ironic, perhaps, that this Australian icon - the Opera House with a roof evocative of a ship at full sail - was designed by renowned Danish architect - Jrn Utzon.In the late 1950s the NSW Government established an appeal fund to finance the construction of the Sydney Opera House, and conducted a competition for its design. Utzons design was chosen. The irony was that his design was, arguably, beyond the capabilities of engineering of the time. Utzon spent a couple of years reworking the design and it was 1961 before he had solved the problem of how to build the distinguishing feature - the sails of the roof. Sydney Opera House from the harbour, photo courtesy of Andrew WattsThe venture experienced cost blow-outs and there were occasions when the NSW Government was tempted to call a halt. In 1966 the situation - with arguments about cost and the interior design, and the Government withholding progress payments - reached crisis point and Jrn Utzon resigned from the project. The building was eventually completed by others in 1973. Sydney Opera House facts and figuresThe Sydney Opera house:Was designed by Danish architect Jrn Utzon. Was opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 20 October 1973. Presented, as its first performance, The Australian Operas production of War and Peace by Prokofiev. Cost $AU 102,000,000 to build. Conducts 3000 events each year. Provides guided tours to 200,000 people each year. Has an annual audience of 2 million for its performances. Includes 1000 rooms. Is 185 metres long and 120 metres wide. Has 2194 pre-cast concrete sections as its roof. Has roof sections weighing up to 15 tons. Has roof sections held together by 350 kms of tensioned steel cable. Has over 1 million tiles on the roof. Uses 6225 square metres of glass and 645 kilometres of electric cable.SYDNEY, Australia- Around every bend in Australia, there are natural beauties and magnificent vistas. But perhaps nothing identifies the country more than a breathtaking view of the Sydney Opera House.The Opera House, designed by Danish architect Jrn Utzon, is lauded by many as one of the architectural wonders of the modern world. It attracts 90 percent of tourists who visit Sydney and acts as a major home to the performing arts in Australia.Australian cuisine The site of the opera house is some 500 yards from where the first European colonists landed in 1788. Fort Macquarie was established there at Bennelong Point in 1821. A tram depot came along in 1902. Trams were phased out in the 1950s, not long after Sydney Symphony Orchestra conductor Eugene Goossens began actively floating the idea of a concert hall. A government official seized on the concept and established an advisory committee, which selected the site of the old tram shed as the new home of the Sydney Opera House.In 1956, the government announced an international design competition. Utzon won the next year with his distinctive soaring sails vision of a harborside center. He said his idea for the structure had come from a simple source: the orange.All the shells are cut out of the same sphere, says Michael Lynch, chief executive of the Opera House Trust, and now all have a common denominator.In an interesting aside, renowned American architect Frank Lloyd Wright didnt approve of the blueprints. The circus tent is not architecture, Wright said.Reconciling with the architectConstruction of the Opera House took almost a decade and a half, and cost US $66 million, more than 14 times original projections Construction began in 1959. It was supposed to take four years and cost $7 million Australian (US $4.7 million) - to be paid from lottery revenues. That turned out to be an unrealistic figure.They went through extraordinary difficulty in trying to make the building work, Lynch says. The sails themselves are all made out of pre-stressed concrete at a point where that was pretty much cutting-edge technology.Construction wasnt finished until 14 years later in 1973, with a $100 million Australian (US $66 million) price tag. Utzon didnt stick around for the completion. He left in 1966, disgusted with changes the New South Wales government wanted to make to his design - as early as the first year of construction, for example, officials had demanded he double the number of performance spaces in the facility. Utzon vowed never to return. I dont care if they pull the opera house down, hes reported to have said.The architect, now 81, apparently has had some change of heart over the years. The Sydney Morning Herald reports that hes agreed to help Australian architects upgrade the building. The article says theyll travel to the Spanish island of Majorca to consult with Utzon on redesigning the interior to match the exterior. Utzon is not expected to come to Sydney for the project. Going for more than just concertsThe ceiling of the Opera House. The architect said the design concept came from an orange: Shells . cut out of the same sphere The complex boasts several performance halls that carry every genre of entertainment, from jazz to ballet. An estimated 3,000 performances each year are seen by about two million people.I think its one of the great performance arts centers in the world, Lynch says. The performing arts in Australia have blossomed, I think, largely because of the role that this building plays.Visitors are drawn to more than the performances. The complex holds cafes and shops, too. Today, more than 300,000 visitors tour the opera house each year.And with the eyes of the world turning to Australia for the year 2000 and its Summer Olympic Games there, its a safe bet that the Sydney Opera House will remain the nations true center stage.悉尼的英文简介Australias premier city is the oldest settlement in Australia, the economic powerhouse of the nation and the countrys capital, Canberra is everything but name. Built on the shores of the stunning Port Jackson, you would have to die and go to heaven before you see a more spectacular setting for a city. Its a vital, self-regarding metropolis, making itself a melting pot with people from all over the world.When to GoThe best times to visit are of spring and autumn, especially around March to April or October to November. Sydney is blessed with a temperate climate. Sometimes torrential downpours often break the heat between October and March. Winters are cool rather than cold. Beach lovers unperturbed by the hazards of lizard-skin should come between December and February.Sydney HarborThe harbor is the defining characteristic of the city. Its multiple sandstone headlands, dramatic cliffs, rocky islands and stunning bays and beaches, make it one of the most beautiful stretches of water in the world. Officially called Port Jackson, the harbor stretches some 20km inland to join the mouth of the Parramatta River. The most scenic area is on the ocean side of the bridge. The Sydney Harbor National Park protects the scattered pockets of bushland around the harbour and offers good walking tracks. The best way to experience the harbour is to go sailing, but if youre lacking nautical skills there are plenty of ways to enjoy it. Try catching the Manly ferry, swimming at Nielsen Park, walking from Manly to Spit Bridge, having a drink at Watsons Bay, dining with a view at Rose Bay, Balmoral or Circular Quay, or cruising to the heads on the Bounty.Sydney Opera HouseAustralias most recognizable icon is dramatically situated on the eastern headland of Circular Quay. Its famous sail- and shell-like roofs were inspired by palm fronds, according to architect Jorn Utzon, but may remind you of turtles engaging in sexual congress. The Opera House is so unique that it has been photographed a zillion times, appears on an army of cheap t-shirts, every other Sydney postcard and decorates the frames of Dame Ednas dramatic glasses. It was built between 1959 and 1973, but plagued with construction delays and political difficulties which culminated in the resignation of Utzon in 1966. Although some visitors are disappointed by the interior, designed by a consortium of Australians after Utzon quit, its a truly memorable place to see a performance or to sit at one of its outdoor cafes with a bottle of white wine and watch harbour life go by. The Opera House hosts theatre, classical music, ballet and film, as well as the seasonal opera performances. There is free music on the prow of the Opera House on weekends and a craft market on the forecourt on Sunday.The RocksThe Rocks is the oldest, quaintest part of Sydney. Today it is unrecognizable from the squalid, overcrowded and plague-ridden place it used to be. Reinvented by visionaries in the building industry and the trade union movement in the 1970s, the Rocks is now a sanitized, historical tourist precinct, full of cobbled streets, colonial buildings and stuffed koalas. If you ignore the kitsch, a stroll around the Rocks can be delightful. Attractions include the weekend market, the Earth Exchange geological and mining museum, and numerous craft shops and art galleries.But its the old buildings, alleyways and historic facades that attract most visitors. Try exploring the less developed areas in the contiguous suburb of Millers Point, which has not sacrificed its community life to the tourist dollar. Check out the Lord Nelson Brewery Hotel and The Hero of Waterloo, two of Sydneys oldest pubs.Circular QuayCircular Quay is built around Sydney Cove and is considered by many to be the focal point of the city. The first European settlement in Australia grew around the Tank Stream which now runs underground into the harbour here. For many years this was the shipping centre of Sydney, but its now both a commuting hub and a recreational space, combining ferry quays, a railway station and the Overseas Passenger Terminal with harbour walkways, restaurants, buskers, parks, the Museum of Contemporary Art and, of course, the Sydney Opera House.Macquarie StreetSydneys greatest concentration of early public buildings grace Macquarie St, many of them commissioned by Governor Macquarie and designed by the convict architect Francis Greenway. The most impressive are the elegant, two-storied Parliament House, Sydney Hospital, the Mint Building, the exquisite Hyde Park Barracks, St James Church and the voluminous State Library. The Barracks and the Mint are now museums, the library hosts exhibitions and there are tours of both the hospital and Parliament House. Macquarie St is the eastern boundary of the Central Business District and borders the Domain and the Royal Botanic Gardens. It runs from Hyde Park to Circular Quay.The Domain, Art Gallery & Botanic GardensThe Domain is a large grassy area east of Macquarie St which was set aside by Governor Phillip for public recreation. Today it is used by city workers for lunchtime sports and as a place to escape the bustle of the city. On Sunday afternoons, its the gathering place for impassioned soapbox speakers, who do their best to entertain or enrage their listeners. It is also the venue for free events held during the festival of Sydney in January and the popular Carols by Candlelight at Christmas. The Art Gallery of New South Wales is in the northeast corner of the Domain. It has excellent permanent exhibitions of Australian, European, Japanese and tribal art, and has some inspired temporary exhibits.The Royal Botanic Gardens encompass Farm Cove, the first bay east of Circular Quay, and include the site of the colonys first vegetable patch. They contain a magnificent collection of South Pacific plant life, tropical displays in the Arc and Pyramid glasshouses, and a beautiful, old-fashioned formal rose garden. The spectacularly located gardens are a favoured spot for family picnics and wedding photographs.Darling HarbourThis huge waterfront tourist and leisure park comprises walkways, gardens, museums, an aquarium, convention centre, casino, eateries and shops. It was once a thriving dockland area, but it declined to the level of an urban eyesore before being reinvented as Darling Harbour in the 1980s by a combination of vision, planning, politicking, forbearance and huge amounts of cash. The emphasis is on casual fun and enjoyment of the kind appreciated by families with small children and coach tourists. The highlights are the Sydney Aquarium, the Australian National Maritime Museum, the water sculpture, the Chinese Garden, the massive IMAX cinema, and the nearby Powerhouse Museum, Sydneys most spectacular museum.Bondi BeachBondi Beach is the grand dame of Sydneys beaches with a magnificent sweep of sand and a never-ending series of majestic rollers crashing into the shallows. The suburb of Bondi Beach is an eclectic mix of ice cream parlours, designer cafes, greasy fish & chips joints, kosher shops and surf fashion stores. The seafront promenade and pavilion have been given a welcome facelift; car parking and fixing the offshore sewage outlets remain the only problems.Ku-Ring-Gai-Chase National Park R-p6Ku-Ring-Gai Chase National Park covers 150 sq km (60 sq mi) of sandstone bushland at the mouth of the Hawkesbury River, 24km (15mi) north of Sydney. The park has over 100km (60mi) of shoreline, plenty of forest and wildlife, a number of walking tracks and some magnificent Aboriginal rock art. Elevated parts of the park offer superb views across Pittwater towards the northernmost suburbs of Sydney.Royal National ParkThe Royal National Park, 35km (22mi) south of city, is the oldest gazetted national park in the world. The sea of low scrub which covered the sandstone plateau in the north of the park was devastated by the 1994 bushfires, but the forested river valleys and the beaches were unscathed. The park is dissected by the Hacking River and there are riverside picnic and boat hiring facilities at Audley. Theres a spectacular 26km (16mi) coastal track stretching the length of the park, which is accessible from Bundeena. It passes the lovely lagoon beach at Wattamolla, and the popular surfing spot at Garie Beach. The best views are from the southern boundary of the park overlooking Bulli from the edge of the Illawarra escarpment.Most visitors to Sydney arrive at Kingsford Smith airport. Airfares to Australia are expensive - its a long way from anywhere and flights are often heavily booked. The most pleasant way to get around in Sydney is by ferry. A trip on the Manly Ferry is the best way to experience the harbor if you cant charm someone into taking you sailing. Major roads from Sydney go north to Newcastle, west to the Blue Mountains, south to Melbourne and Canberra and down the south coast to Wollongong.Anyway, you will certainly find this trip to Sydney Australia one of your most memorable experiences in your life. The trip will leave you sweet memories that you would like to share with your family and your friends.SydneySydney is an important commerc