八年级英语下Unit5知识详解.doc

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 一、重点短语 1. make sure 确信;确认 2. beat against. 拍打 3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着 4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 5. wake up 醒来 6. in a mess 一团糟 7. break. . apart 使分离 8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候 9. at the time of 当.时候 10. go off (闹钟)发出响声 11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡 12. miss the bus 错过公交车 13. pick up 接电话 14. bring. together 使靠拢 15. in the area 在这个地区 16. miss the event 错过这个事件 17. by the side of the road 在路边 18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线 19. walk by 走路经过 20. make ones way to.在某人去的路上 21. hear the news 听到这个消息 22.important events in history 历史上的重大事件 23.for example 例如 24.be killed 被杀害 25.over 50 5 0多(岁） 26.a school pupil 一个小学生 27.on the radio 通过广播 28.in silence 沉默;无声 29.more recently 最近地;新近 30.the World Trade Center 世贸中心 31.take down 拆除;摧毁 32.have meaning to 对有意义 33.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 34.at first 首先;最初 二、知识点讲解：1. What was the girl doing at the time of the rainstorm?该句是含有过去进行时的句子。过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。过去进行时常与表示过去的某一特定的时间状语连用。如：at two oclock yesterday afternoon, at that time, just then.其基本结构是“was/were + v.ing 形式”如：He was reading a book at 5:00 p.m. Yesterday.What was he doing at this time yesterday?2.at that time of 意为“在时”，其后跟名词或者名词短语。如：It is important to keep calm at the time of danger.She cried out at the time of hearing the terrible news about MH370.3.So, when the rainstorm suddenly came,Suddenly用做副词，表示突然，忽然。 形容词形式为sudden，习惯用语: all of a sudden=suddenly 出乎意料的I suddenly remembered that I didnt water my vegetables in my QQ farm.The girl began laughing all of a sudden.4.My alarm didnt go off so I got up late.1)alarm “闹钟”还可以表示 “警报”As soon as they heard the alarm, they fell in for action.2)go off 是“动词+副词”短语 意为“发出响声”go off还有以下含义：表示电气等断掉，熄火The lights in my room suddenly went off just now.表示食物变质，变坏。如The meat has gone off.表示离开，离去The school bus goes off at 7:15 every day.与go有关的动词短语go out熄灭；出去 go away 离开 go through 通过 go on 继续 go over 仔细检查 go by 时间过去5.I called at seven and you didnt pick up.pick up 意为“拾起，捡起”，在此句语境中意为接电话。请注意当宾语是代词时，须置于pick与up之间Please pick up the books on the floor.The books are on the floor. Please pick them up.Pick up 还有“搭车，接某人，学会”之意。6.I called again at eight and you didnt answer either.either 副词 意为“也”They didnt catch the early plane, and we didnt either.either,too,与alsoeither 用于否定句中，放于句末表示“也”She cant speak English, I cant either.too 用于肯定句中，放于句末表示“也”I can dance and sing too.also用于肯定句，放于be动词，情态动词后，实意动词前表示“也”I am also a beautiful girl.7.So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.该句中的while用做连词，意为“当时”While we were talking, the teacher came in.复习一下while 和when 的区别while 还可做并列连词，表示对照关系，意为“而，却”He is strong while his brother is weak.8.Black clouds were making the sky every dark.make+宾语+宾语补足语 结构，其中make意为“使变为；使处于某种状态”The lecture made me sleepy.The news made me very excited.make的常用结构：（1）make sb. to do sth.使某人做某事 如：I think a good film should make me to keep my curiosity all the time.(2)make it+adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 使做某事对某人来说成为 如Hard work makes it possible for Tom to be the best student.9.With on light outside, it felt like midnight. feel like 意为感受到， 其中like 为介词，意为“像”，后接名词，代词或者动名词作宾语。如：I feel like a child when I am with my parents.10.The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area.1) 该句中的report用作动词，意为“报道，公布”，常用结构：Its reported that 据报道Its reported that over 20 people were killed in the accident.2)area用作名词，意为“地区，区域”I like the house but Im not satisfied with the area.11.Bens dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashing and radio were working.1)wood 意为“木头”，是不可数名词，常与量词短语 a piece of 连用。a piece of wood 意为“一块木头”Dont let the fire go out, theres plenty of wood.2)make sure 是个动词短语，意为“确保，核实，查清楚”其后跟宾语从句或of 连接的短语作宾语。如：We will try out best to make sure you enjoy your visit.Ill make sure of the time of the flight.11.Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.1)beat 用作不及物动词，意为“（风雨）拍打；（心脏）跳动”如：The rain beat against the car windscreen.Her heart beat fast with joy.beat还可用作及物动词，意为“打败，战胜”，其后接表示人的词作宾语，如：We werent sure we could beat them.2)heavily用作副词，意为“很大程度上；大量地”如The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.heavily 还可表示猛烈地All at once it began to rain heavily.3)该句中的against 用作介词，表示接触，意为“撞击，碰”She fell down and hit her head against the ground.against用法归纳：1）表示“反对，与相反”，反义词是for 如We are for peace and against war.2）表示“紧靠，倚在”，如A piano stood against the wall.12.He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.1）fall asleep 为固定短语，意为“进入梦乡，睡着”He lay down on the sofa and soon fell asleep.The football match was so boring that I could not help falling asleep.2）辨析asleep,sleep,与sleepyasleep是形容词，意为“睡着的，睡熟的”一般只作表语或宾补The baby is asleep in the bed.sleep名词或动词，意为“睡觉”Its important to get enough sleep.sleepy 形容词，意为“困倦的”常用作表语Im too sleepy to watch the end of the show.3)die down 是固定短语，意为“逐渐变弱，逐渐消失”After autumn, many leaves died down.Peoples patient is dying down during the long waiting time.13.When he woke up, the sun was rising.1)wake up 意为“醒来”，wake sb. up 意为“把某人叫醒”如I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock.Mother will get angry if you wake the baby up.2)rise用作不及物动词，意为“上升，增加”She felt anger rising in her heart.rise与raiserise为不及物动词，着重指“上升，升高”，表示人或事物本身由低处移向高处。She rose from her seat and went out.raise是及物动词，着重指“抬起，举起，提起”，强调把某物从较低抬到较高处。arise 不及物动词，尤指问题，困境的发生，出现If you dont solve this problem, more problems will arise.如果你不解决这个问题，就将产生更多问题。If you know the answer, please raise your hand.raise raised raisedarise arose arisenrise rose risen14.How can we help each other in times of difficulty?in times of 意为“在的时候”介词of后跟名词或名词短语。如：Every is happier in times of plenty.Help each other out in times of need.15.Kate waited for someone to walk by.该句中的to walk by 路过 是动词不定式做后置定语，修饰不定代词some one.I have too much homework to do this week.The park is a good place to have fun.16.People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.remember 用作动词，意为“记住”，其反义词为forget。两词意义相反，用法相同。I remember/forget to go to supermarket to buy food.我记得/忘记要去超市买食物。I remember/forget seeing him once.我记得/忘记曾经见过他一次。17.On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed.1)on this day意为“在这一天”，具体到某天或某天的早中晚用介词onThe event happened on September 18,2010.2)was killed是一般过去时的被动语态，意为“被杀死”18.We were having fun in the playground when the school bell rang.have fun 意为“过的愉快；玩得高兴”，与having good time或enjoy oneself同义Summer is here,Li Ming .Lets have fun!have fun后还可接动名词形式，表示“愉快地做某事”We had fun/had a great time/ enjoyed ourselves singing and dancing at the party.19.We were completely surprised.surprised意为“惊讶的；吃惊的” 多修饰人surprising意为“令人惊讶的，使人吃惊的”My father wasnt surprised at the surprising news.20.School closed for the day, and Robert and his friends walked home in silence.1)close 动词 “关闭”closed 形容词 “关着的”2）in silence 意为“默默地”其中silence是名词，意为“沉默，无声”，形容词是silent“寂静的，沉默的”There was a long silence after I asked you the question.21.Even the date-September 11,2001-has meaning to most Americans.have meaning to意为“对有特殊意义”The gift has special meaning to my mom.the meaning of意为“的意思”I dont know the meaning of the word.22.I didnt believe him at first, but then I looked out the window and realized that it was true.1)at first相当于at the beginning，表示“当初，起初”与后来的事情发生对应。At first I didnt want to go, but soon I changed my mind.first of all表示“首先，最重要的是”，说明顺序，是时间上或一系列行动的开始，后面往往接着next,then等First of all, open the windows, then turn off the gas.2)realize用作动词，意为“认识到；了解到”后跟名词，代词，或从句。She spoke English so well that I never realized that she was a German.realize还可表示“实现；实行”I will work hard to realize my dream of becoming an engineer.23. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was afraid.have trouble in doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”I had trouble passing my math exam.类似用法还有have fun doing sth./ have a hard time doing sth. 三、语法过去进行时 (一）定义 ：过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。 （二）结构 was/were +doing (现在分词） （三）用法 1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：（1）We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 （2）What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ （3）My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。 （4）It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 （5）.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。 2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如： What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点) 3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行) 4、表示在过去即将发生的动作。如：She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 5、表示过去的反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词always,constantly,continually,frequently等连用，常常带有说话人的某种感情色彩。如： His mother was always working like that.他目前总是那样工作。 6. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 误：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。 when 和while的用法区别 两者的区别如下：when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间； while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in. b They were singing while we were dancing. 练习题一、英汉互译。 1. 在什么时间_ 2. 在图书馆_ 3. 在公交车站_ 4. wait for the bus. _ 5.pick up_6. walk home_ 7. 闹钟响_ 8.接电话_ 9. 忙于做某事_ 10. 雨下得很大_ 二、单项选择。 1. _ I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. A. When B. Before C. Since D. Although 2. There arent many tickets left for the concert, youd better _ that you got one today. A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sure D. make plans 3. We will_ the City Park next Sunday morning. A. clean up B. look up C. give up D. set up 4. -Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. - I am sorry. I _ football with my friends then. A. play B. played C. am playing D. was playing 5. -I didnt see you at the meetin