ACT语法部分攻略.docx

语法的四个关键: 1. Economy 精简, 2. Order 顺序, 3. Punctuation 标点, 4. Sound Sentences 句子结构, 5. Choice of Words 选词和常用错误, 6. Think like a writer 语感1. Economy 精简Stew Michaels wanted to form a nonprofit organization to help people in Darfur and Eastern Chad. a. No change b. begin and found. C. formulate D. provide the formation of2. Order题排序的题最费时间。可以先做别的再做排序。3. Punctuation 标点从简。逗号最常考。3a. COMMA 逗号:l 介绍性的从句要用逗号：Knowing my teacher had “a thing” about being late, I made sure to be on time to class.Upon completing the building the contractor sent us the billa. No change b. building, the contractor c. building the, contractor d. building the contractor,l 顺便补充的信息要前后都加逗号：Steve, who loves tennis so much he wears white shorts to school in winter, has a tournament in Phoenix next week.l 前后平等的两个完整句子，中间有for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS六个连接词) 等要加逗号。前后只有两个词不要加逗号。如果后面的句子不是完整句子也不用加逗号：Lance, and his buddy, think NASCAR is righteous.a. No change b. and his buddy, c. and his buddy d. , and his buddyMike was the first person on the scene of the accident, and tried to help the injured passenger.a. No change B. accident and tried c. accident and, tried d. accident; and triedl 东西罗列要加逗号（a, b, c, and d）. 形容词罗列也要加逗号。但是有些不性质的名词在一起修饰用的不用加逗号，例如A small brick house, A gray wool sweater, The powerful summer sunl 在ing从句前，如果直接跟的名词和ing相关就不要逗号(Mr Right offered rewards to students trying to improve their scores)，如果和相连的词不相关就要加逗号(Mr Right offered rewards to students, trying to improve their scores.)3b. Semicolon分号:两句独立的完整句子，如果中间没有连接词FANBOYS，可以用分号：I am thinking of going to Georgetown University; D.C. is an ideal place for me to begin my political career.两句独立完整句子中间可以加”。; therefore/however, 。”：I like huge pickup trucks; however, they are not practical in New York City.总之后半句一定是完整独立的句子。尽量少用分号。3c. Dash 横杠前后一起横杠，表达和思路上的断开，或者另外一种情况代替冒号后面的名词罗列，很少考到：Skiing there is expensive it cost me $97 last time I went but the back bowls are worth every penny.My friends Jill, Kim, and Sophie all teach gymnastics with me during summer vacation.3d. s APOSTROPHE分清s和s，这经常考到l The Daltons boat and the Larsons car washed away in the flood.l Joe and Annes basement was also destroyed by the floodl Both of my parents siblings live in Rochester.l We drove to the lade in Angies and Paiges convertible, dressed as the latest all-girl band.a. No change; b.in: Angie and Paiges; c. in Angie and Paiges; d. in Angie and Paigesl We know not all of you will have youre home work done.a. no change; b. you will have your; c. them will have their; d. you, will have yourits=it isits=它的4.句子结构4a动词单复数 The boy takes the test. The girls take the test.找准主语和动词，把对应的主语和动词划出来对应看单复数：Claudia and Kevin, who want to join the speech and debate club together, first decide to start dating after Claudias sisters boyfriend brings Kevin over to play Guitar Hero.George, encouraged by his friends, are finally going to get that tattoo:A. no changeB. friends, isC. friends areD. friends: arel Each/every/anyone/anybody/someone/no one/either/neither这些都是单数要用单数的动词例如does或者is. 代词也搭配单数例如his/its: Everyone took his water guns(不是their water guns) If anybody wants to go, she should give her number to Abby (不是they should give their number)l Group/team/committee/class/family这些含义是复数但是词语本身是单数的也要当作单数处理搭配动词单数l None of/fraction of/percent of/part of 这些都要看后面的词是单数还是复数，相应搭配单数或者复数的动词 70 percent of the student body works during summer. l Where Jeremy and Justin went to the rodio in Kansas, they met the rodeo clowns and they showed them how to rope.a. No change; b. they; c. , they; d. Jeremy 这里前面已经有一个they不能有两个they说不一样的人，所以后面必须是Jeremy4b 动词时态l 前后时态一致：He tried, ran the race, and won. I tried, but didnt expect As soon as the class bell rang, students rushed the doorl 前后的用法一致。以下1是对的2是错的：1. Miss Sharp sang, danced, and cooed as she entered the room for our first-period class2. Miss Sharp sang, danced, and was cooing as she entered the room for our first-period class1. Gerome likes to hike, to bike, and to run.2. Gerome likes to hike, to bike, and running1. Her students were asked to write their essays accurately, thoughtfully, and thoroughly2. Her students were asked to write their essays accurately, thoughtfully, and in a detailed manner4c Reflexive pronouns - myself/herself/themselves/ourselves不要把这些词当主语用：Tammy and I spent （不是Tammy and myself）4d 修饰短语的位置。以下1是对的2是错的：1. The tennis player in a short skirt asked the swinner to help change her tire.2. The tennis player asked the swimmer to help change her tire in a short skirt.1. With grins on their faces, the group of freshmen boys admired the cluster of senior girls.2. The group of freshmen boys admired the cluster of senior girls with grins on their faces.5 Choice of Words用词经常用错的词，请说出差别分别造句：accept 和 except; effect 和 affect; fewer和less; 可数与不可数then和than; farther 和further; 前者是物理距离后者是程度Who和whom; 前者主语后者宾语 the girl who is your favorite/the girl whom you admireI 和me也是主语和宾语的区别。如果是as和than后面不要用宾语用主语来比较：l Tim is happier than he is 不要用than himl My brother is as unhappy as I (am). 不要用than methat和which; that是特指前面修饰的名词其后面内容是句子的关键，而which前面可以加逗号其内容可有可无并不关键也不特指只是补充信息。如果是人的话两个都不能用，要用whol The waterfall that empties into the lake starts above the tree line.l The waterfall, which empties into the