解读丁香的种子繁殖与嫁接繁殖.doc

/ / / /解读丁香的种子繁殖与嫁接繁殖Interpretation of clove seed breeding and grafting propagation 丁香为丁香花的简称,又名紫丁香、百结花等,为木樨科香花属落叶灌木或小乔木。植株高45m,树皮暗灰色或灰褐色,有沟裂,枝条润滑无毛。叶卵圆形或肾脏形,先端锐尖,叶基心脏形,全缘,革质。初春开花,花单瓣或重瓣,开于前年小枝上,顶生或腋生,花端四裂,筒状,呈圆锥花序,瓣柔色紫,幽香袭人,为我国着名园林花卉。丁香花花期45月,910月蒴果成熟。紫丁香喜光,稍耐阴,荫地能生长,但花量少或无花;耐寒性较强;耐干旱,忌低温;喜潮湿、肥美、排水良好的土壤。可播种、扦插、嫁接、压条、分株繁衍。Clove is short for lilac, also known as lilacs, hundreds of flowers, etc., for clover robinia genus deciduous shrubs or small trees. Plant 4 5 m tall, bark dark gray or beige, grooved, lubrication branches glabrous. Lobes ovoid or kidney form, apex sharp tip, leaf base shape heart, entire, leathery. Early spring flowering, a single or double, flower sprigs on the same as the year before, or the altar, four flower end crack, tubular, a panicle, disc and soft colors purple, fragrant attacks, for our country the famous garden flowers. Lilacs bloom 4 5 month, 9 10 month capsule to mature. Resistance to lilac like light, a little dark, the shadow can grow, but spend less or no flowers; Strong cold tolerance; Resistance to drought, avoid is cold; Hi moist, fertile and well drained soil. Can be seeding, cutting, grafting, layering, points strains breeding. 9-10月份,蒴果由绿色变为黄褐色,为种子成熟标志,应立刻连同果枝剪下,以防种子流失。从小枝上采集果穗后及时放入通风枯燥的室内阴干,不宜曝晒,以免种子强度失水而丧失生命力。在室内堆放厚度45cm,并经常翻动使其渐渐阴干,待有2/3蒴果开裂时,即可用柳条或其他木棒抽打脱粒,除去毗籽即得净籽。用清水浸泡种子,每5d换1次水,1个月后捞出用0.03%的高锰酸钾消毒2h,然后停止催芽(可常温也可加温),但要经常翻动。选择土质疏松肥美的砂质土壤、排水良好、较枯燥的地块,做生长10m、宽1.5m、高1520cm的高床,底肥施碳铵150225kg/hm2、腐熟有机肥3045t/hm2,并用硫酸亚铁150kg/hm2或退菌特150225 kg/hm2停止土壤消毒。秋季播种,秋播种子不用处置,采种后即在10月下旬播种,播幅宽8cm,行距宽20cm,沟深23cm,覆土厚度2.02.5cm,播后秋灌,以利保墒。翌年春发芽早,出苗也划一。春季播种,处置过的种子经过催芽有30%种子裂嘴露白,4月下旬开端播种,技术同秋播。实验标明,春播比秋播效果好,固然出苗迟,但出苗划一,出苗率较高,而且生长略高。September - October, capsule from green into brown, as the seed mature symbol, should immediately along with the branch cut, to prevent loss of seeds. From small branches after gathering grain timely put in ventilated dry room in order, unfavorable and insolate, avoid seed intensity of water loss and loss of vitality. Stacking thickness of 4 5 cm indoors, and often turn to them gradually, for two-thirds capsule ruptures, you can use the wicker or other stick beat threshing, apart from which the seeds for a quick net seed. Soaking seed with pure water, every 5 d in one water, one month after the remove to disinfect with 0.03% potassium permanganate in 2 h, and then stop accelerating germination (also can be warmed to room temperature), but will often turn. Choose loose soil fertile sandy soil, good drainage and relatively dull plot, growth of 10 m high, 1.5 m wide, 15 20 cm high bed, fertilizers applied producyion of 150 225 kg/hm2, 30 45 t/hm2, rotten organic fertilizer using ferrous sulfate 150 kg/hm2 or refund bacteria, 150 225 kg/hm2 stop soil disinfection. Need not disposal of autumn sowing seeds, vegetable seeds, seed after sowing in late October, width of furrows for sowing 8 cm wide, leading 20 cm wide, groove deep 2 3 cm, thickness 2.0 2.5 cm, soil after seeding QiuGuan, keep moisture. The following spring sprout early emergence also draw. Spring sowing, disposal of 30% after sprouting seed crack mouth thief, in late April start sowing seeds, technology with autumn sowing. Experiments indicate that spring than autumn sowing effect is good, is late emergence, but the application of uniform, high germination rate, and slightly higher growth. 可用嫩枝扦插和硬枝扦插。丁香的硬枝扦插是取一至二年生强健枝条作插穗,直接插入温床,使其生根发芽而构成新的植物体。通常是春季花谢后1个月剪取顶枝停止扦插,插穗的长度为1015cm,带有23对芽节,其中1对芽节埋入土中,在25条件下,3040d生根,当幼根由白变为黄褐色时开端移苗栽植五角枫。嫩枝扦插在78月停止,选当年生的粗壮枝条,剪成15cm左右长的插条,插入事前准备好的苗床内,并恰当遮荫,坚持潮湿,50d左右生根。若插前用500 g/g的吲哚丁酸快速处置插穗,可使扦插生根率达80%以上。扦插成活后,第2年春季移植。Available twig cuttage and hard branch cuttage. Cloves hard branch cuttage is take a cuttings to biennial branches strong, directly inserted into the hotbed, the root of the new plant. Usually 1 months after spring flowers die shearing telome stop cutting, the cutting length of 10 15 cm, with 2 3 section of bud, bud section 1 in case of buried in the grave, under the condition of 25 , 30 40 d to take root, beginning when young white to tan main bed out plant. Twig cuttings in July August stop, choose the thick branches, cut 15 cm long cutting, insert the preparation good seedbed, and appropriate shade, adhere to the damp, about 50 d take root. If the plug before use mu g / 500 g of indole butyric acid fast disposal cuttings, can make the cuttings rooting rate above 80%. Spring transplant cuttings survival, after 2 years. 嫁接可用芽接或枝接。芽接法:芽接可于78月停止,枝接则在早春萌动行进行为好。嫁接所用砧木普通为女贞、水蜡、流苏、丁香等。女贞砧木萌芽容易,应随时剪除,否则数年后仍为女贞而非丁香。接穗要选用当年生强健枝条上的丰满叶芽,砧木选用一至二年生丁香实生苗。嫁接时,接穗上的叶片要剪掉,只留叶柄,然后在芽的上方1cm处横切1刀,再从芽的下方1.01.5cm处向上平削,将皮层内的木质部剥掉。把砧木距空中5cm至10cm处横切1刀,再从切口中间向下切长3cm左右的立刀,使之呈“T”字形土工格栅厂家,然后悄悄地把皮剥开,将接穗插入“T”字口内,接穗与砧木要严密对合,最后用塑料薄膜条捆绑即可。芽接后23周,假如接穗上的叶柄自然零落,阐明芽已成活,这时可解除塑料条。Grafting can use bud grafting or scion grafting. Bud grafting method, grafting can be in August 7 to stop, scion grafting has lost his good conduct marching in the early spring. Used in general for the root privet, water wax, tassels, clove and so on. Privet scion bud easily, should be cut off at any time, or after a few years is still the privet instead of cloves. Scion should choose was born a strong branches full leaf bud, root stock selection to biennial clove the west. Grafting, grafting on the blade to cut, petiole, only then 1 cm above the buds of cross-cutting knife, 1 from bud again below the 1.0 1.5 cm place planed upwards, the xylem peeled off within the cortex. Root stock from air 5 cm to 10 cm in cross-cutting knife, 1 from middle incision to the vertical knife incised about 3 cm long, make it a T glyph, then quietly put skin peeled off, insert a scion, T word mouths scion and rootstock should closely involution, finally BoMoTiao bound with plastic. If 2 3 weeks after grafting, grafting on petiole nature is shattered and clarify bud is survival, then can remove plastic article. 枝接法:普通在早春萌动行进行,接穗长度为810cm,带2对芽节,将接穗下部两边削成斜面。砧木选用一至二年生丁香实生苗,在离空中510cm处切掉顶部,再从砧木的断面上垂直向下劈开1条缝,然后将接穗插入。接穗的斜面与砧木要严密吻合,用塑料条捆绑好。为避免嫁接刀口处失水过多,可用潮湿的土埋上,待接穗上的芽萌动后,去掉掩盖的土。也可秋、冬季采条,经露地埋藏于翌春枝接,接穗当年可长至5080cm,第2年萌动前需将枝干离空中3040cm处短截,促其萌生侧枝。靠接法:将丁香接穗与砧木,各削1个相同大小的接口,将两者严密地捆绑在一同。当刀口产生愈伤组织后秸秆打包机,将砧木从接口上方1cm处将顶枝剪掉,将接穗从接口下方1cm处剪断,使之成为一个新的植物体。Scion grafting method: ordinary stirring in the early spring line, scion length is 8 10 cm, with 2 to bud section, lower part of the scion cutting bevel on both sides. Root stock chooses one to biennial clove west, away from the air cut off the top 5 10 cm, and then on the cross section of vertical downward from the stock split 1 the seam, and then insert the scion. Cant to closely match w