腐蚀环境下喷漆或喷粉样品的评估.doc

对腐蚀环境下喷漆或喷粉样品的评估所用的标准的测试方法Standard test method for evaluation of painted or coated specimens subjected to corrosive environments1 范围1.1 这个测试方法覆盖预先喷漆的或喷粉的样品，来进行加速的和大气的暴露测试以及后来的对腐蚀，与腐蚀有关的起泡，在划痕处喷漆不附着或其它的涂层特征的评估。1.2 这个标准不声称可以处理所有的安全问题，如果有的话，和它的使用有关。在用这个标准之前考虑和建立适当的安全和健康规则并决定规范限制的适用性是使用这个标准的人的责任。 1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers the treatment of previously painted or coated specimens for accelerated and atmospheric exposure tests and their subsequent evaluation in respect to corrosion, blistering associated with corrosion, loss of adhesion at a scribe mark, or other film feature.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.参考文件2.1 ASTM标准：B117 操作盐雾实验测试仪器的规则2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM standards:B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing ApparatusD610 在喷漆的铁材料表面评估生锈的程度的测试方法D610 Test Method for evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel SurfacesD714 评估喷漆起泡程度的测试方法 D714 Test Method for evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD870 用浮出水面的方法来测试喷粉的耐水性的规则D870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings using water emersion.D1014 铁表面上的喷漆外部暴露测试的规则D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on SteelD1735 用水雾仪器测试喷粉表面的防水的规则D1735 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of coatings using water fog ApparatusD2247 在100%相对湿度条件下测试喷粉表面防水的规则D2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of coatings in 100% Relative Humidity D2803 金属上的有机喷粉对丝状腐蚀的抵抗力的指南D2803 Guide for Filiform Corrosion Resistance of Organic Coatings on MetalD4141 对喷粉表面做的加速的户外暴露测试的规则D4141 Practice for Conducting Accelerated Outdoor Exposure Tests of Coatings D4585 采用控制的浓度测试喷粉层对水的抵抗力的规则D4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of coatings using controlled condensationD4587 用荧光的 UV 浓缩光和水暴露仪器测试喷漆和相关的喷粉和材料的规则D4587 Practice for Conducting Tests on Paint and Related Coatings and Materials Using a Fluorescent UV-Condensation Light and water-Exposure Apparatus G23非金属材料的暴露，光暴露仪器（碳弧型）带水和不带水的操作的规则 G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type) with and without water for Exposure of Nonmetallic materials G26非金属材料的暴露，光暴露仪器（氙弧型）带水和不带水的操作的规则G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure of Nonmetallic materialsG85 改良的盐雾测试方法G85 Practice for Modified Salt Spray (Fog) TestingG87 操作潮湿的 SO2 测试方法G87 Practice for Conducting Moist SO2 Tests 2.2 ANSI 标准：2.2 ANSI standard:B94.50 单点切工具，基本的术语和定义B94.50 Single-point Cutting Tools, Basic Nomenclature and Definitions for 3.重要性和应用 3 Significance and Use 3.2 这个方法提供在暴露于腐蚀环境后，一个评估和比较底层，预处理，或喷粉系统，或者所有的综合的基本的腐蚀性能的方法，3.2 This method provides a means of evaluating and comparing basic corrosion performance of the substrate, pretreatment, or coating system, or combination thereof, after exposure to corrosive environments.4. 仪器4 Apparatus 4.1划线工具 建议用一个直柄的碳化钨/硬质合金尖，车床切割工具(ANSI B94.50, Style E )或碳化物尖的铅笔类形的工具。任何其它划线工具如解剖刀，剃刀片，小刀，或者其它尖锐的工具是不可以接受的，除非生产商和用户达成一致。4.1 Scribing toolA straight-shank tungsten carbide tip, lathe cutting tool (ANSI B94.50, Style E ) or carbide-tipped pencil-type tool is recommended. Any other type of scribing instrument such as a scalpel, razor blade, knife, or other sharp pointed tool is unacceptable unless agreed upon between the producer and the user. 4.2 画直线用尺 用任何有足够长并且有足够硬度的画直线用尺来指导划线工具走直线4.2 StraightedgeAny straightedge of sufficient length and rigidity to guide the scribing tool in a straight line.4.3空气来源 需要来自压缩的空气，在80 psi (552kPa)可以传递至少10 ft3/min (4.72L/s)。4.3 Air sourceA source of compressed air capable of delivering at least 10 ft3/min (4.72L/s) at 80 psi (552kPa)4.4 空气枪 空气扫尘枪和喷嘴的结合，需要符合以下规格4.4 Air GunAn air dusting gun and nozzle combination to meet the following specification:空气消耗 压力 喷嘴直径Air consumption pressure psi Nozzle Diameter ft3/min(m3/min) (kPa) in.(mm)8.4(0.24) 80(550) 0.12(3.0)4.1.1 用一个包括障碍物，阻碍或者是要求的屏风的防护装置来保护操作者和接近使用空气的地方的其他人。防护装置必须放在空气喷嘴和操作者之间。已经发现一个如打沙的柜子的装置是可以接受的。4.4.1 A guard consisting of barriers， baffles, or screens required to protect the operator and other individuals near the area where the air is being used. The guard must be placed between the air nozzle and the operator. A device such as a sand-blasting cabinet has been found to be acceptable.注意1 没有防护装置情况下用空气枪是违犯美国职业安全和健康管理法规的Note 1the use of an air gun without a guard is in violation of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulation4.5 刮檫工具 一个硬的抹刀, 刀子，或者类似不带锐利的边缘或角的工具4.5 Scraping toolA rigid spatula, knife, or similar instrument with no sharp edges or sharp corners.4.6 刻度 任何带有1mm刻度的尺子4.6 ScaleAny rule with 1-mm divisions5. 测试样品的预处理5 Preliminary treatment of test specimens划线的样品5.1 Scribed Specimens在指定或者同意，准备测试的每个样品，将其划开，放在测试箱子里后，划线需要按照纵向暴露。这个位置将允许溶液小滴沿着划线的地方纵向流下。5.1.1 where specified or agreed upon, prepare each specimen for testing by scribing it in such a manner that the scribe can be exposed lengthwise when positioned in the test cabinet. This position will allow solution droplets to run lengthwise along the scribe.5.1.2 手持工具，大约和样品表面保持45o 角，划样品。调整工具位置以便只有碳化物尖和表面接触。拉划线工具在被测试物层上得到一个均匀的V形切口。经常检验工具看其是否钝了，缺了块，或者磨损了，并且按照需要替换或者修理。划的线需要够长以包含重要的测试部位，但是不应该接触样品的边缘。划线需要穿透金属表面的所有有机层，留下一个均匀的亮的毛刺线。划线穿透的金属层的深度需要在生产商和应用者之间达成。所划线的质量也可以通过低倍的放大来观察。注意，标记和描述可能会影响结果的缺陷，代码和瑕疵。5.1.2 Scribe the specimen by holding the tool at approximately a 45o angle to the surface. Position the tool so that only the carbide tip is in contact with the surface. Pull the scribing tool to obtain a uniform V-cut through the coating that is being tested. Inspect the tool frequently for dulling, chipping or wear and replace or repair as needed. The scribe should be of sufficient length to cover the significant test area, but should not contact the edge of the specimen. The scribe must penetrate all organic coating layers on the metal, leaving a uniformly bright line of burrs. The extent of scribe penetration through metallic coatings should be agreed upon between the producer and user. Quality of the scribe may be observed with the aid of low-power magnification. Note, mark, and describe defects, coding, and flaws that may affect results. 5.1.3 如果在生产商人和应用者之间达成一致，除了一个单个的直的线之外的划线也可以使用。5.1.3 scribe lines other than those of a single, straight nature may be used if agreed upon between the producer and the user. 5.1.4 按照6.1 暴露所划的样品并且按照第7部分进行评级。5.1.4 Expose scribed specimens in accordance with 6.1 and rate in accordance with Section 75.2 没有划线的样品 涂了内层油漆，油或者是蜡的样品，可以不用划线来评估它们。按照第6部分的来暴露这些样品，按照第8部分来分总体表面的腐蚀程度。5.2 unscribed specimensSpecimens coated with paint undercoats, oils, or waxes may be evaluated without a scribe. Expose such specimens in accordance with Section 6 and rate for corrosion of the general surface in accordance with Section 8.5.3 切的边缘 面板的被切的边缘可以在测试过程中暴露，或者是用蜡，胶带，或者是其它生产商和使用者达成的方式保护起来。如果没有被保护，剪切面板边缘的方法需要在生产商和使用者之间达成，标注上是否边缘需要毛刺朝上还是毛刺朝下5.3 Cut edgesCut edges of panels may be exposed during testing, or protected by wax, tape, or other means agreed upon between the producer and the user. If left unprotected, method of shearing panel edges should be agreed upon between the producer and user, noting whether edges are oriented in the “burr up” or “burr down” configuration.5.4 变形 暴露前的测试板，如果需要变形，需要在生产商和使用者之间达成。 5.4 DeformationDeformation of test panels prior to exposure, if desired, should be agreed upon between the producer and user. 表格1 划线后不合格等级 （程序A）划线后的典型的平均值徐变TABLE 1 Rating of failure at Scribe (procedure A)Representative mean creepage from scribe毫米 英寸（大约） 等级Millimeters inches(approximately) Rating number Zero 0 10Over 0 to 0.5 0 to 1/64 9Over 0.5 to 1.0 1/64 to 1/32 8Over 1.0 to 2.0 1/32 to 1/16 7Over 2.0 to 3.0 1/16 to 1/8 6Over 3.0 to 5.0 1/8 to 3/16 5Over 5.0 to 7.0 3/16 to 1/4 4Over 7.0 to 10.0 1/4 to 3/8 3Over 10.0 to 13.0 3/8 to 1/2 2Over 13.0 to 16.0 1/2 to 5/8 1Over 16.0 to more 5/8 to more 0 表格2 没有划线区域的分类（程序B）TABLE 2 Rating of Unscribed Areas(procedure B)失败区域 等级Area Failed Rating numberNo failure 100 to 1 92 to 3 84 to 6 77 to 10 611 to 20 521 to 30 431 to 40 341 to 55 256 to 75 1over 75 06. 测试样板的暴露6 exposure of test specimens6.1 按照以下一个或多个的测试方法或规则来暴露测试样板：B117, D610,D714,D870,D1014,D1735,D2247,D2803, D4141,D4585, D4587, G23,G23,G26,G85,G87, 或者是任何其他经生产商和使用者同意适用的测试方法。测试时间和评估间隔应该在样板暴露之前达成。6.1 expose test specimens in accordance with one or more of the following test methods or practices:B117, D610,D714,D870,D1014,D1735,D2247,D2803, D4141,D4585, D4587, G23,G23,G26,G85,G87, or any other applicable test method, as agreed upon between the producer and the user. The length of test and evaluation intervals should be agreed upon prior to exposure of specimens.7. 程序A 划线样板的评估7 Procedure AEvaluation of Scribed Specimens 7.1 方法1（空气吹法） 在暴露之后，用温和的温度为110F (45C)的水流冲洗每个样品。持喷嘴大约于45度角，沿着整个划的线吹， 用空气喷嘴机械地弄乱划线表面连接处来确保喷气开口。从暴露箱子里拿出来15分钟内需要完成对样品的喷气，如果喷气不能在要求的时间内完成，在室温下将样品浸如水中,或者存放在塑料袋子里，来避免任何干燥损害。7.1 Method 1 (air blow-off)Rinse each specimen after completion of the exposure period, using a gentle stream of water at a temperature up to 110F (45C). Holding the nozzle at approximately a 45angle, blow along the entire scribe line, disturbing the surface adjacent to the scribe mechanically by the air nozzle to ensure an opening for the air blast. Complete the air blasting within 15 min of specimen removal from the exposure cabinet. If the air blasting cannot be completed within the prescribed time. Immerse the specimens in water at room temperature or store in a plastic bag to avoid any drying defect.7.2 方法2（刮掉）在暴露之后，用温和的温度为110F (45C)的水流冲洗每个样品。在温和的冲洗水下，按照4.5里所描述的，用力地用一个工具刮样品。将刮具面垂直于样品表面拿着，和划线平行，来回移动刮具在划线上来去掉底切上的没有附着的层，不去掉仍然有附着力的层。从暴露箱子里拿出来15分钟内需要完成对样品的刮切。如果不能按照要求的时间来完成刮切，在室温下将样品浸如水中,或者存放在塑料袋子里，来避免任何干燥损害。7.2 Method 2 (Scraping) Rinse the specimen after completion of the exposure period, using a gentle stream of water at a temperature up to 110F (45C).Scrape the specimen vigorously with an instrument described in 4.5 while under the gentle stream of the rinse water. Hold the scraper with its face perpendicular to the specimen surface and parallel to the scribe, moving it back and forth across the scribe to remove the coating that has been undercut and has suffered loss of adhesion only, not to remove the coating that still has adhesion. Complete the scraping within 15 min of specimen removal from the exposure cabinet. If scraping cannot be completed within the prescribed time, immerse the specimens in water at room temperature or store in a plastic bag to avoid any drying effect.注意2 冲洗，刮或气吹可能不是对所有的情况都适用，如在连续的测试过程中过渡期的评估。如生产商和应用者之间达成一致，可以有其它的方法。Note 2Rinsing，scraping or air blow off may not be appropriate in all cases, such as for interim ratings in continuing tests. Alternative methods may be used if agreed upon between the producer and the user.7.3 评估 如表格1里描述的，从一个刻线痕开始评估腐蚀或喷漆的损失。记录从刻线处代表性的平均值，最大值，最小值变化，标注最大值是否是一个孤立的点。按照生产商和使用者所达成的，用毫米，英寸或等级记录蠕变值。RatingRate the corrosion or loss of paint extending from a scribe mark as prescribed in table 1. Record the representative mean, maximum and minimum creepage from the scribe, and note whether or not the maximum is an isolated spot. Record creep values in millimeters, inches, or rating numbers, as agreed upon between producer and user.7.2.1 除非生产商和使用者另有达成的协议，刻线蠕变被定义为“一面的”，就是，从原先的刻线到蠕变前面。同时，按照表格2进行评估，区域的腐蚀从刻线处移去了。7.2.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon by the producer and user, scribe creepage is defined as “one sided”, that is, from the original scribe line to the creepage front. Also, rate in accordance with table 2 the prevalence of corrosion on areas removed from the scribe.8. 程序B 没有刻线的区域8 Procedure Bevaluation of unscribed area8.1 暴露完成后（第6部分），用温和的温度为110F (45C)的水流冲洗样品。用纸巾或压缩的空气弄干样品表面。干燥需要不损坏样品表面的腐蚀。8.1 Rinse the specimen after completion of the exposure period ( section 6).using a gentle stream of water at a temperature up to 100F (40C).Dry the surface of the specimen with paper towels or compressed air. Drying should be done in such a manner that the corrosion on the specimen surface is not disturbed.8.2 评估没有划线的样品来看腐蚀点，气泡和可能发生的其它类型的失败。关于气泡的尺寸和腐蚀区域，在不合格地方特性允许时，可以用测试方法D714里给出的影印气泡标准来描述暴露测试结果。而方法 D610 可以用来描述生锈的频率和分布。记录受影响的大小，频率或区域。在边缘1/2英寸.(12.7mm)处的腐蚀不计算在内。8.2 Evaluate unscribed specimens for corrosion spots, blisters and any other types of failure that may occur. Where the character of the failure permits, the photographic blister standards given in Test Method D714 may be used to describe the results of the exposure test, with respect to size of blisters or corroded areas, while Method D610 may serve to describe the frequency and distribution of rusting. Record the size, frequency, or area affected. Discount corrosion within 1/2 in.(12.7mm) of edges.8.3 评估 按照生产商和使用者达成的，按照表格2，记录不合格区域的百分比或转换不合格百分比到等级号码。8.3 RatingRecord percent failed area or convert percent failure to rating numbers in accordance with Table 2 as agreed upon between the producer and user.注意3如果膜先被仔细地用中性的剥离器剥去，下层薄膜腐蚀的形成也可以被评估并按照表格2报告。做时要小心以避免腐蚀形状的变更或预处理的变更。Note 3Formation of underfilm corrosion may be evaluated and reported in accordance with Table 2 if the film is first carefully stripped with a neutral stripper. Exercise care to avoid alteration of the corrosion pattern or pretreatment.注意4关于气泡的尺寸和腐蚀区域，在不合格地方特性允许时，在测试方法D714里给出的影印气泡标准可以用来描述暴露测试结果。而方法D610可用于频率和分布，如果要求的话。 Note 4Where the character of the failure permits, the photo-graphic blister standards given in Test Method D714 may be used to describe the results of the exposure test, in respect to size of blisters or corroded areas, while Method D610 may serve to describe the frequency and distribution, if desired. 9. 程序C 评估没有保护的边缘。9. Procedure CEvaluation of Unprotected Edges9.1 如果从切割边缘的喷漆蠕变