外贸英语写作翻译.doc

外贸英语写作外贸英语写作本资料由实惠网外贸论坛（ ）整理，欢迎加入本论坛讨论外贸，分享外贸经验，交流外贸心得。特别推荐免费外贸平台实惠网（ ）注册免费，发布产品免费，实惠网精品模版 免费使用，询盘不断，欢迎加入实惠网，注册轻松赚的美金。Lesson one1.International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries, it involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而 比国内贸易要复杂的多2. With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在 因此 在此方面具有一定的知识 是十分必要的 这既有益于企业的发展 又有益于个人的进步3. Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.其他参与国际贸易的形式 有管理合同 承包生产 和交钥匙工程4. International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. Exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现 即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售5. Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as mean of entering a foreign market.除了国际贸易和投资国际许可和特许经营优势也是进入国外市场的一种方式Lesson two1GDP and GNP are two important concepts used to indicate a countrys total income. The difference between them is that GNP focuses on ownership of the factors of production while GDP concentrate the place where production take place.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调生产要素的所属权，而后者着重于进行生产的国家。2. In assessing the potential of a country as a market, people often look at per capita income.要评估某一市场的潜力人们往往要分析其收入3. Countries of the world are divided into three categories of high income, middle-income and low-income economies.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域 高收入国家4. China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle- income country thought it was a low income country just a few years ago.中国现在的年人均收入为1100美元以上 但几年前他还是个低收入国家5. So far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, India, these countries or regions either have rich consumers and offer good business opportunitie4s or are developing fast with very promising market potential.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场 如亚洲四小虎 东盟国家 俄罗斯等国 这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力 能为中国提供很好的商机Lesson three1. The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越重要2. The most famous free trade area is North American Free Trade Agreement, the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada, Mexico in 1991.最著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区 它是由美国 加拿大和墨西哥于1991年建立的3. The member of an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, but also use the same currency.经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收 政府开支 企业策略等方面保持一致 而且还应实用统一的货币4. The European commission is a full-fledged entity.欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一5. Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation was set up at the Ministerial meeting held in the Australia.APEC建立于在澳大利亚的一次部长级会议上Lesson four1. Economic globalization is giving new impetus and providing opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and interactive.经济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新的动力和机会 同时也使各经济体相互依赖相互影响2. Multinational enterprise shall be defined as a business organization which owns, controls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more than one country.跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有控制和经营资产的商业组织3. While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought about by economic globalization, there are also loud voices of opposition.许多人欢呼全球经济化带来的好处 但同时也有强烈的反对声音4. The transfer of the intra- MNE transactions constitutes a very significant proportion of total international trade.跨国公司的内部交换占整个国际贸易的一个很大的比例5. Although the day-to-day running of corporate operations maybe decentralized to the affiliate, the major decisions, such as those on corporate goals, new investments and their location, are made by the parent company.尽管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨国企业的子公司 但重要决策 如有关公司目标和新投资等都有母公司来决定6. But like it or not, economic globalization has become and objective trend in world economic development.无论认识是否喜欢经济全球化已成为世界经济发展中的一个客观趋势Lesson five1. In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self- sufficient.在复杂的经济世界中 没有一个国家能完全自给自足2. With the development of manufacture and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, international specialization.随着制造业和技术的发展 出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素 即国际专业化3. According to the theory of comparative advantage, both trade partners can be benefit from trade.按照比较利益学说 两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处4. Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular advantage through its own action.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念 一个国家可以通过自己的行动发展某种特定的比较利益5. The idea of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade.比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石Lesson six1. The cost of a product will decrease with the expansion of production scale.一件商品的成本会因生产成本的扩大而减少 2. In reality, complete specialization may never take place even though it is economically advantageous.在实际中即使完全的专业化 在经济上有利也可能永远不会发生3. Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non- traffic barriers.配额或者说数量限制是最常见的关税壁垒4. The visible trade is the import and export of goods, and the invisible trade is the exchange of services between countries.有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易 而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换5. The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and complex, often a mixture of visible and invisible trade.国家从事的贸易种类是多样的 复杂的 往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合Lesson seven1. Packing should be made according to the requirement of transportation. In most cases, the seller knows clearly the particular type of packing required for transporting the goods safely to destination.包装需按运输的要求进行 在大多数情况下 卖方明确知道把货物安全的运到目的地所需要的包装2. In many cases, the buyer shall be notified to go through the inspection of goods at or before the time of shipment. Unless otherwise specified, the buyer is supposed to undertake the charges of inspection thus incurred for his own sake.在许多情况下 应通知买房在卖方在货物启运之时或之前安排验货 除非合同另有规定 否则买房必须支付为其自身利益而安排的验货费用3. The importer can sell the goods to a new buyer while they are being carried by mens of negotiable shipping documents which are very convenient for use.进口商可以通过可转让的运输单据将货物在运输途中卖给新买方 这类可转让单据用起来非常方便4. Under all terms, the respective obligation of the buyer and the seller are grouped under 10 headings.在所有条款中 买卖双方各自的义务排列在10项标题下5. The 2000 revision of incoterms took accounts of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the changes in transport practices.2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关税区的发展 商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加 以及运输方式的变化Lesson eight1. A contract is enforceable by law, and the party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be forced to make compensation.合同依法实施 未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉 并被强制作出赔偿2. Oral business negotiations refer to face to face discussions or those conducted through international trunk calls.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际长途电话进行的商谈3. Enquiries made by the buyer are to get information about the goods to be ordered, and are not binding on the inquirer.买方发出的询盘是为了获得拟定商品的有关信息 他对发出迅盘的人无约束力4. The validity period is indispensable to a firm offer, that remains valid until a stipulated time or until it is accepted or rejected.有效期对于确盘是必不可少的 在规定的时间之前 或在被对方接受或拒绝之前确盘一直是有效的5. A counter offer is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and unbinding once a counter offer is made.还盘是对发盘的拒绝 一旦做出还盘 原报盘即失效而失去约束力Lesson nine1. As counter trade often takes place in less developed economies in centrally planned economies, it is often related with policy objectives in these countries.对销贸易一般是与有关国家的政策目标相互联系的 如应对外汇短缺和扩大出口之类的问题2. Fundamentally, counter trade refers to the direct exchange of assorted kinds of goods and services.实质上，反向贸易指的是各种货物和服务的直接交换3. Another important differences is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than a counter purchase deal.回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段时间4. In normal market transactions buying and selling of goods are unburdened, because of the use of money and the market.在正常的市场交易中 由于使用货币及市场手段 货物的买与卖是分别进行的5. Despite all its advantages, counter trade can be very risky business.尽管有很多好处 反向贸易可能是风险很大的事6. Another modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency and so on.在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易 寄售 租赁贸易 代理等Lesson ten1. In international trade, both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may fail to fulfill the contract.在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险 因为总存在对方不履行的可能2. Various methods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade.为处理国际贸易中的不同形势 各种支付方法便发展了起来3. A lot of international transaction are paid for by means of the draft, which is an order to a bank or a customer to pay.许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的 汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令4. Documents against payment at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents.即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据5. So far as the exporters interest is concerned D/P at sight is more favorable than D/P after sight, and D/P is more favorable than D/A.就出口商而言 即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利 付款交单比承兑交单有利Lesson eleven1. In international trade it is almost impossible to match payment with physical delivery of the goods.在国际贸易中几乎不可能使付款和实际交货同时进行2. The method of payment by the letter of credit offers securities to both the seller and buyer.信用证付款方式对买卖双方都提供保障3. Modern credits were introduced in the second half of the 19th century and had substantial development after the first world war.现代信用证在19世纪后半叶开始采用 第一次世界大战后得到了实质性的发展4. Either because the credit account is too large, or because he does not fully trust the opening bank, the exporter may sometimes require a confirmed letter of credit. 你要么因为信用证金额过大 要么因为对开证银行不完全信任 出口商有时可能需要保兑的信用证5. letter of credit are varied in form, length, language and stipulations.信用证的形式 长短 语言和规定各不相同Lesson twelve1.letter of credit are classified inti different types according to their function, form, and mechanism.信用证按其作用 形式和机制分作不同的种类2.Clean letter of credit are mainly used in non-trade settlement, while documentary credits are generally used in commodity trade.光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算 而在商品贸易中一般使用跟单信用证3.In the case of sight credits, payment can be made promptly upon presentation of draft and impeccable shipping documents.在即期信用证情况下 提示汇票和正确无误的单据后便立即付款4.A usance credit obviously calls for a time draft, and the usance vaies from 30, 60, to as long as 180 days.远期信用证显然要使用远期汇票 付款期限可为30天 60天甚至可长达90天5.A letter of credit is called tranferable if it can be transfered by its original beneficiary to one or more parties. The original beneficiary is called the first beneficiary, and the party the credits is transfered to is called the second beneficiary.如果信用证可以由原受益人转让给另一个或几个人 那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证 原受益人称作第一受益人 接受转让的人称作第二受益人6.The letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of payment for a particular transaction, and the contracting parties should make their best choice according to the specific conditions.对于一比具体交易来说 信用证给不一定是最理想的付款方式 缔约双方应根据具体情况作出最好的选择Lesson thirteen1. It is very important to use correct documents in international trade, otherwise the importer will have difficulties in taking delivery of the goods.在国际贸易中使用正确的单据很重要 否则进口商提货时会遇到困难2. The commercial invoice, generally called the invoice makes a general description of the quality, quantity, unit price, and total value of the goods.商业发票 一般称发票 这种单据对货物的质量和数量以及单价和总价进行概括性描述3. It is necessary to insure the goods against the possible risks they are exposed to in the course of transaction.货物在运输过程中可能发生风险损失 需要办理货物保险4. An on board bill of lading indicates that the goods have been actually loaded on board of the carrying vessel bound for the port of destination.已装船提单表明货物以实际装上开往目的港的承运船只5. A clean bill of lading refers to one that indicates the goods have been shipped in apparent good order and condition, which means it is devoid of any qualifying remarks about the packing and the outer appearance of the goods.清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装船 这意味着提单上未加任何有关包装或货物外表不良的批注Lesson fourteen1. There is no doubt that a society without an advanced transportation system remains primitive.毫无疑问 一个没有先进的运输系统的社会仍然是一个落后的社会2. The methods differ in terms of operating characteristics and capabilities, giving them comparative advantages and disadvantages. The five major modes are :water, rail, truck, pipeline and air.这些方式在运输特点和性能方面不同 从而使他们各有比较优势和劣势 5种运输方式分别是水路 铁路 公路 管道和航空3. The past decades has seen an increasing tendency among business firms to provide their own transportation capability.过去10年 公司自己提供运输能力的倾向越来越大 4. As a society, we enjoy a richer and more leisurely life than we would be in a totally self- sufficient community.作为一个社会 我们现在的生活比完全自给自足时更富裕 更消闲5. Another factor that has thrust transportation into the limelight in recent years is the growing utilization of just- in -time inventory systems, on the basis of a production approach in which the firm maintains very small quantities of production inputs.最近几年 运输功能引人注目的另一个因素就是越来越多的使用零库存系统 这种系统是以公司保持很少数量的生产投入的生产方式为基础的Lesson fifteen1. Insurance is a risk transer mechanism, by which the individual or the business enterprises can shift the uncertainty of the shoulders of others.保险是一种风险转移机制 通过保险个人或企业可以将生活中一些不确定因素转移给其他人2. Even under these circumstances, most of the firms prefer to pay a known cost or premium for the transfer of risk, rather than face the uncertainty of carrying the risk of loss.即使是在这种情况下 大多数公司宁可付出已知的费用即保险费来转移风险 而不愿面对不确定的风险损失3. In the case of business enterpriss, the values exposed to loss are usually much higher and the premium charged is substantially higher than that for a house or a car.对企业来说 损失的价值要比个人高很多 因此 保险费也比一栋房子或一辆车高出许多4. The main stimulates to the enterprises is the release of the funds for investment in the production of other items.企业投保的主要刺激是他们可以腾出资金进行其他项目的投资5. Therefore, cargo insurance is an activity aiming at moving the burden of risk from the exporters and importers to the underwriters.因此 货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和出口商的肩上转移到专门承担风险的保险人一方的活动Lesson sixteen1. An insurance contract without an insurable interest to support it is invalid and claim made upon it will not be entertained.没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的 而任何根据这类合同提出的索赔都不会被受理2. Even though the mis-statement is unintentional, the underwriter will still be deceived and the policy voidable.尽管错误的陈述是无意的 但保险人还是受到欺骗 从而保险合同无效3. A contract of insurance is one which restores a person who has suffered a loss into the same position as he was in before the loss occurred.将受损失人的利益恢复到损害发生前的状况的合同就是保险合同4. The compensation payable generally includes the invoiced cost plus freight, the insurance premium, and an agreed percentage, say 10%.赔偿金额一般包括发票金额加上运输费用及保险费 再加上一个商定的百分比 如10%5. The insurance company will not entertain the claims if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因 保险公司将不予赔偿Lesson seventeen1. Before the first world war, the gold standard create a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.第一次世界大战以前金本位制建立了固定汇率制 每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的评价2. In 1944, 44nations held a conference at bretto woods, U.S.A., to plan better cooperation in world trade and currency matter.1944年 44国在美国布雷顿森林举行会议签署了协议 计划在世界贸易和货币方面实现更好的合作3. The flexible exchange rete system has never been clean float or free float, because the central bank takes various measures to intervene in the price of its currency in order to stabilize the exchange rate.弹性汇率制从没有真正的干净或自由的浮动过 因为中央银行为了稳定汇率采取了各种措施对货币价格进行干涉4. Under specific conditions, high interest will attract short-term international fund, increasing the exchange rete of ones own currency.在特定条件下 提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金 提高一国的外汇汇率5. There are three types of foreign exchange price today: the buying rate, the selling rate and the average of the previous two the medial rate.外汇汇率有三种形式 买进汇率 售出汇率和两者的平均值 中间汇率Lesson eighteen1. The common objective of these institutions is to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries.这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家 帮助这些国家提高生活水平2. A substantial contribution to the IBRDs resources comes from its retained earnings and the flow of repayments on its loans.国际复兴开发银行的资金有相当大一部分来自他的留存盈余以及偿还贷款的不断流入3. The loans of IBRD are directed toward developing countries at more more advanced stages of economic and social growth.该银行的贷款是向处于经济和社会发展较高阶段的发展中国家提供的4. The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term loans to those members with payment difficulties.国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有困难的基金会员国提供中期贷款5. To undertake this mission, MIG offers investors guarantees against noncommercial risks, advises developing member governments on policies and sponsors dialogues between the international business community and host governments on investment issues. 为了承担这项使命 多边投资担保机构向投资者提供担保以防范非商业性风险 向发展中成员国政府提供咨询并为国际商业界和东道国政府就投资问题安排对话 Lesson nineteen1. Foreign direct investment is the major form of international investment, whereby residents of one country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.对外直接投资是国际投资的主要方式 一国居民为进行监督和经营通过对外投资获取另一国的资产2. Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI. And lowering product costs is an important consideration.控制成本使一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一 而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面3. Operating directly abroad enhances the visibility of a firms products, making local customers feel assured about the things they buy.直接在国外经营提高一个公司产品的能见度使当地客户对它们所购买的商品更加放心4. The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so ad to increase the efficiency of the operation.即使库存管理系统的引进能最大限度的降低库存 从而提高经营消费率5. FDI is mainly practiced in three forms: building new enterprises, purchasing existing facilities and forming joint adventures. 国外直接投资有3种形式 建立新企业 购买现有设施和建立合资公司 Lesson twenty1. Options are contracts giving the right to buy or sell a security at an agre