动词时态和语态复习教案[1].doc

动词的时态与语态.教学目标：1、掌握八种时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。 2、分清易混淆的几组动词时态：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般过去时和过去完成时；过去完成时和现在完成时 3、掌握各种时态及情态动词的被动语态。 4、熟悉并掌握主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。. 教学方法：讲练结合法. 教学重难点：1. 各种时态的基本结构和用法； 2. 分清易混淆的几组动词时态：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般过去时和过去完成时；过去完成时和现在完成时； 3. 被动语态. 教学过程：一动词的基本形式：英语动词共有五种基本形式,即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。1.动词的基本构成及形式：形式构成例词动词原形词典中一般给出的形式be, have, come, do第三人称单数形式在动词原形后+ srunruns, likelikes以ch, sh, s, x, o结尾的动词后+ esteachteaches, washwashes,gogoes, passpasses以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ estrytries, studystudieshavehas现在分词在动词原形后+ ingreadreading以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e再+ ingwritewriting, havehaving以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ ingswimswimming, digdigging少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y再+ ingdiedying, lielying过去式与过去分词(规则变化)在动词原形后+ edworkworked以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，改y为i再+ edcarrycarried, studystudied以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此字母后再+ edstopstopped, planplanned说明：词尾ed在清辅音后读/t/;在浊辅音和元音后读/d/;在/t/和/d/后读/ d/.词尾es或s在/s/,/z/,/t /,/d /后读/ z/;在清辅音后读/s/;在浊辅音及元音后读/z/;在/t/,/d/后读/ts/, /dz/.2.不规则动词的过去式和过去分词：原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词1.AAA型costcostcostputputputcutcutcutreadreadredreadredhithithitsetsetsethurthurthurtshutshutshutletletlethurthurthurt2.AAB型beatbeatbeaten3.ABA型becomebecamebecomerunranruncomecamecome原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词4.ABB型(1)原型后加d或t:burnburntburntmeanmeantmeanthearheardheardspoilspoiltspoiltlearnlearntlearnt(2)原型改d为tbuildbuiltbuiltsendsentsentlendlentlentspendspentspent(3)其他bringbroughtbroughtmeetmetmetbuyboughtboughtpaypaidpaidcatchcaughtcaughtsaysaidsaiddigdugdugsellsoldsoldfeelfeltfeltshineshone (shined)shone (shined)fightfoughtfoughtsitsatsatfindfoundfoundsleepsleptsleptgetgotgotsmellsmelt (smelled)smelt (smelled)hanghung (hanged)hung (hanged)spillspiltspilthave,hashadhadspitspatspathidehidhid (hidden)standstoodstoodholdheldheldsweepsweptsweptkeepkeptkeptteachtaughttaughtlaylaidlaidtelltoldtoldleaveleftleftthinkthoughtthoughtloselostlostunderstandunderstoodunderstoodmakemademadewinwonwon5.ABC型(1)原型后加n或en:blowblewblownmistakemistookmistakendrawdrewdrawnrideroderiddendrivedrovedrivenriseroseriseneatateeatenseesawseenfallfellfallenshowshowedshown原型过去式过去分词原型过去式过去分词givegavegiventaketooktakengrowgrewgrownthrowthrewthrownknowknewknownwritewrotewriten(2)过去式后加n或enbreakbrokebrokensinksunk (sank)sunken (sunk)choosechosechosenspeakspokespokenforgetforgotforgottenwakewokewokenfreezefrozefrozen(3)改i为a(过去式）和u（过去分词)beginbeganbegunsingsangsungdrinkdrankdrunkswimswamswumringrangrung(4)其他be (am,is)wasbeengowentgonebe (are)werebeenlielaylaindodiddonewearworewornflyflewflown二、动词的时态在英语中,由于谓语动词发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化,这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.英语共有16种时态,重点学习9种.现以动词do为例,将这9种时态构成列表如下：一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时：do does现在进行时：am/is/are doing 现在完成时：has/have done现在完成进行时：has/have been doing过去一般过去时：did过去进行时：was/were doing过去完成时：had done(初三学)将来一般将来时：am/is/are going to do will/shall do过去将来过去将来时：was/were going to do would/should do1、一般现在时的用法1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理等。句中常有often，usually, every day, always, sometimes等时间状语。如：We always care for each other and help each other. (经常性动作) The moon moves around the earth and the earth moves around the sun. （客观真理）2）有时表示按计划、规定将要发生的动作（即用一般现在时表将来），句中都带有时间状语，但常限于少数瞬间动词，如begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等，如： The train starts at nine in the morning. Our holiday begin in a week. 3）在when，as soon as，if, unless等引导的时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中不能用将来时，要用一般现在时表将来。 Ill give him the message when I see him. Ill write to your parents if you are not here tomorrow. Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place. 注 如果will作为情态动词表意愿，此时不影响时态使用。 If you will not help us, we will not finish the work in time. 4）用于某些固定句型，表现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 Here comes the bus!What time is it now?2、一般过去时的用法(第一大热点)1） 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。常和表过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, just now, last, ago等。 Once upon a time, there were six blind men in a village in Indian. I saw him every day at that time. 那时侯每天我都会见到他。 Mary always got up too late and never had enough time for breakfast. 注 表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用used to和would +动词原形。 When we were boys, we used to go swimming every summer.但是，would与used to都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时间。如： I would / used to go to France six times. (错)（应说I went to France six times.） He used to live in Africa for twenty years. (错)（应说He lived in Africa for twenty years.）2）表示说话人始料未及的事情时I didnt know it was you. I never thought you would bring me a gift.3）一般过去时常用于没有明确过去时间状语的句子中，这是高考命题的热点与难点。此类用法由于受汉语表达习惯的影响，或因这类表书无明显时间状语的缘故，学生容易忘记使用过去时。 一定要注意好分析语境。 -You phone number again?- I didnt quite catch it. -Nancy is not coming tonight.-But she promised. 对无明显过去时间状语而用一般过去时的句子，要注意在语言环境中寻找除时间状况外的信息词或隐含信息，比如表示时间对比关系的but, and now，暗示时间先后的when, before, while, not until, sooner，题干中已出现的过去时态等。 I asked you not to move my dictionary, now I cant find it. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I missed half of it. 3、一般将来时的用法 表示将要发生的动作或存在的情况，由“主语+will / shall+”构成。有时句中有表示将来的时间状语，这时从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。将来的时间状语有：next year, tomorrow, next time, in a few days.The agreement will come into effect next spring. When will you be able to give us an answer?We wont / shant be free tonight. 几种表示将来的形式：1） 口语中常用be going to来表示打算、准备要做的事情或根据迹象推断肯定要发生的事（主要指天气）They are going to see a film this afternoon. There is going to be a party on Saturday evening.Its going to snow.2） be to do 表示拟订或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情。The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a.m.You are to hand in your homework this afternoon.3） be about to即将要发生的事，句中不使用表示将来的时间状语（但可与when连用），意为“立刻，马上”The film is about to begin.I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 4） 用一般现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好的将来的行为，只限go, come, start, begin, arrive, return等少数动词。The train leaves the station at 7:15.Mr Wang is leaving for Hangzhou tomorrow.4、现在进行时的用法1）表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作，由be+现在分词 We are having an English class. The population of the earth is increasing very fast. 2）在时间、条件等状语从句中，代替将来进行时。 If I am sleeping when he comes, please wake me up.3）与always, constantly, forever等连用，表示赞叹、厌烦、高兴等情绪。 You are always forgetting the important things. He is constantly thinking of how he could do more for others. 5、过去进行时的用法 表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作，was / were doing The children were watching TV when their mother came in. In those years we were having a hard time. 注在不少情况下，没有表示过去的时间状语，这是要通过上下文来看出这是过去某时正在进行的动作。They all worked hard. Everybody knew what he was working for. 6、现在完成时的用法 have +过去分词，时间状语有already, yet, notyet, just, for, since1) 表示的动作在说话前已经完成，但对现在有影响。I have seen the film many times.The city has taken on a new look in the last few years.2) 表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去，常与for或since等表示一段时间的状语连用或与so far，now，today，this week等表示包括现在时间在内的状语连用。He has studied English for 5 years. Now I have finished the work. 3) 用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作（代替将来完成时）Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped raining in the morning, well go to the park.7、过去完成时的用法 had +过去分词1）表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态（即“过去的过去”）。句中常有by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before in entered the university.2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态。常与for, since连用 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. The old man died after he had been ill for a long time. 3）叙述过去发生的事情，在叙述了一段事情后，又叙述了发生在这些事情前的动作。 Lao Li died yesterday. He had been a friend of mine. 4） 在固定句型中Hardlywhen; Scarcelywhen; No soonerthanHardly had he began to speak when someone interrupted him.No sooner had he shut his eyes than he got a hard push in his side. 8、过去将来时的用法 should / would + do构成，有时也用was / were going to do表示。第一人称用should，其它人称用would。表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 They were sure that they would succeed. l 现在完成时与一般过去时区别1）都表示过去做的动作，现在完成时强调动作对现在的关系如结果、影响等，所以不能与过去时间状语连用，一般过去时只能表示过去的事实，不表示与现在的关系，所以与过去的时间状语连用。Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. （对现在的影响就是我已经知道电影的内容了）When did you see the film? I saw it yesterday. （与现在没有关系，只表示什么时间看的）He has taught the class for two terms. （表明现在还在教，或者刚刚不教）=He is still teaching or he has just stopped teaching it.2) 当瞬间动词的肯定式为完成时，不能与表一般的时间状语连用。 He has left home for a month. （错） 应用：He left home a month ago. It has been a month since he left home. He has been away from home for a month. A month has passed since he left home.3) 当瞬间动词的否定式为完成时，可以与表一段的时间状语连用，因为此时的否定式表达一种状态而不是动作。 He hasnt left home for a month. I havent seen her for a few days.注have been to 表已经去过某处，现在回来了have gone to表去了某处，还没回来。二、动词的语态1、当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。被动语态通常由be+过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。1）一般现在时 am / is / are done 2）一般过去时 was / were done3) 一般将来时 shall / will be done4）过去将来时 would be done5）现在进行时 am / is / are being done6）过去进行时 was / were being done7）现在完成时 has / have been done8）过去完成时 had been done9）情态动词 can / must / may be done那个国家讲英语。English is spoken in that country.这个城市在1948年被解放。The city was liberated in 1948.据说她的问题将在明天的会议上被讨论。Its said that her problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.这些教材现在正在被印刷。The textbooks are being printed at present. 自从她离开后，就再也没有听到她的消息。She hasnt been heard from since she left. 能在两小时完成它吗？Can it be finished in two hours?2、主动形式表示被动意义1）系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep +形容词构成系表结构。 The steel feels cold. His plans proved to be practical. 2）表示主语的属性特征的动词。如read, write, sell, wash, wear, open, lock, shut, dry这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语如well, easily, smoothly等。如： The door wont lock. The book sells well.Your pen writes smoothly.3、下列情况下主动句不能改为被动句：1）谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack等。2）谓语是不可拆开的短语动词take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of等。3）宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词、抽象名词等。4、汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如： It is said / hoped / believed / well known that It must be admitted / pointed our thatl 关于语态变化的几种形式：1） 只带一个宾语，把此宾语变为主语，原主语变成宾语The first World War stopped his work. -His work was stopped by the first World War.注 宾语是一个从句，借用形式主语I could see that he was dying. -It could be seen that he was dying.2） 带双宾语，把其中一个边，另一个不变The hospital gave him a job. -He was given a job by the hospital. -A job was given to him by the hospital.3） 带复合宾语，宾+宾补，只能把宾语变成主语，宾补变成主补He asked me to step in and have a rest. -I was asked to step in and have a rest (by him).We saw a lot of students reviewing their lessons.-A lot of students were seen reviewing their lessons.注 所有的不定式作宾补，变成被动一定要含to，包括感官动词和实义动词I saw him across the street. - He was seen to across the street.无论宾补是什么都要遵循以上原则。The teacher considers him honest. (形容词作宾补)-He is considered honest by the teacher.We made him our group leader. (名词作宾补)-He was made our group leader.I found nobody in. (副词作宾补)-Nobody was found in.4） 短语动词变成被动语态，要保持其完整性He often refers to this book.-This book is often referred to. The PLA man picked him up.-He was picked up by the PLA man.5） 含有情态动词的动词变成被动，要情态动词+be done You should not treat sports and games as amusement.-Sports and games shouldnt be treated only as amusement.We had better not put off the meeting. - The meeting had better not be put off.l 被动语态与系表结构区别 被动语态表动作，系表结构表状态The school gate is shut by an old man at 6 p.m. every day. (表被动)The school gate is shut now. （表状态）动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度有逐年加大的趋势。在15个单项选择中，考查动词时态的题一般不少于两道，动词的时态常和语态结合在一起进行考查。高考命题常从以下三个角度进行命题：一是直接给定时间状语，考生可直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；而是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出判断并选择最佳答案。答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参考信息”，尤其是动词冗长信息中的时间信息。如havent said, was doing 等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：1、 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些？2、 这个动作处于什么时态，是进行中，还是已经结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？3、 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。非谓语动词.教学目标：1. 掌握不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补足语、复合结构、否定形式以及用在 how, when 等疑问词之后的用法。2. 掌握分词作定语、表语、补足语、状语（时间、原因、方式、结果和伴随等状语的用法）。3. 掌握动名词作主语、宾语的用法。4. 了解现在分词和过去分词的区别，现在分词作表语时和现在进行时的区别，过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别；了解动名词作定语、表语、介词宾语的用法。. 教学方法：讲练结合法. 教学重难点：现在分词和过去分词的区别；现在分词作表语时和现在进行时的区别；过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别；动名词作定语、表语、介词宾语的用法。. 教学过程：Step 1. Greeting Teacher and students greet each otherStep 2. Check if everybody is here.Step 3. New knowledge非谓语动词的用法 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) (3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither-次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。 3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps他的爱好是集邮。 (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected (3)分词作表语 分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in.,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的 Travelling is interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 3不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求： (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 【口诀记忆】 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装，主动答应选计划 同意请求帮一帮，愿望似乎就没有，碰巧承担常努力。 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略，漏 appear似乎，显得 determine决定 manage设法 cease停止 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 dread害怕 need需要 agree同意 desire愿望 love爱 swear宣誓 volunteer志愿 wish希望 bear承受 endeavor努力 offer提供 beg请求 fail不能 plan计划 bother扰乱；烦恼 forget忘记 prefer喜欢，宁愿 care关心，喜欢 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 learn学习 regret抱歉，遗憾 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 profess表明 claim要求 hope希望 promise承诺，允许 start开始 undertake承接 want想要 consent同意，赞同 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 vow起 contrive设法，图谋 incline有倾向 propose提议 seek找，寻觅 try试图 2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式 ask要求，邀请 get请，得到 prompt促使 allow允许 forbid禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布 force强迫 press迫使 bride 收买 inspire鼓舞 request请求 assist协助 hate憎恶 pronounce断定，表示 advise劝告 exhort告诫，勉励 pray请求 authorize授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report报告 compel强迫 invite吸引，邀请， summon传唤 command命令 intend想要，企图 show 显示 drive驱赶 mean意欲，打算 train训练 cause引起 instruct指示 require要求 deserve应受 leave使，让 tell告诉 direct指导 like喜欢 tempt劝诱 entitle有资格 order命令 warn告诫 enable使能够 need需要 urge激励，力说 encourage鼓励 oblige不得不 want想要 condemn指责，谴责 lead引起，使得 teach教 entreat恳求 permit允许 wish希望 (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 【口诀记忆】 考虑建议盼原谅， 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏 禁止想象才冒险， 不禁介意准逃亡 acknowledge承认，自认 cease 停止 mention说到，讲到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate：提倡，主张 complete完成 dread可怕 appreciate 感激，欣赏 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 contemplate细想 enjoy享有，喜爱 bear忍受 defer拖延 envy嫉妒 cant help不禁 delay延迟 escape逃跑，逃避 cant stand受不了 deny否认 excuse借口 consider 考虑 detest嫌恶 fancy幻想，爱好 favor 造成，偏爱 mind 介意 repent悔悟 figure描绘，计算 miss错过 resent怨恨 finish完成，结束不得 pardon原谅，饶恕 resist抵抗，阻止 forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复 imagine设想 postpone延迟，延期 risk冒险 involve卷入，包含 practise 实行，实践 suggest建议 hate讨厌 prevent阻止 save营救，储蓄 keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受 loathe非常讨厌，厌恶 recall回想 (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 【口诀记忆】 想起忘记常后悔 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing忘记做过某事（已做过或已发生） 2）stop to do 停止某件事，目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5）try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着 7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情） 8）propose to do 打算（要做某事） proposing doing建议（做某事） 9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念 10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。 4不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 (1）不定式作定语 1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系 He was the last one to leave school yesterday昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。 2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系 She has a lot of work to do in the morning早上他有很多工作要做。 3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻