仁爱版八年级英语U7-U8知识点归纳

UNIT 7 ORGANIZING A FOOD FESTIVALTopic 1. We need to make some money一、重点词汇：（一） 词形转换：1.success(形容词)successful 2.invitation(动词)invite 3.tooth(复数)teeth4.friendly(比较级)more friendly 5.Russia(形容词)Russian 6.Africa(形容词)African7.India(形容词)Indian 8.sandwich(复数)sandwiches9.supply(复数)supplies 10.post(名词)poster（二）重点词组：1.hear of 听说2.make money 挣钱3.be pleased to do 很高兴做某事4.think about 思考，思索5.think over 仔细考虑6.make a poster 做海报7.Organize a Food Festival 举办美食节8.turn to sb./sth. 求助于，求教于9.chat with sb. 和某人交谈/聊天10.whats more 而且11.never mind 没关系12.work hard at 在方面努力学习二、重点句型：1.Do you know about Daniel Igali ? 你知道丹尼尔艾格雷吗？know about“了解”，know a lot about“对某事了解很深”，know a little about“对某事或某人了解一些”，而know是“知道”，“认识”之意，如：I know her.我认识她。I know about her.我了解她。二者意思不同。2.I have heard of him.我从未听说过他。 hear of sb./sth“听说过某人或某事”hear + that从句“听说，得知”hear from sb.“收到某人的来信”hear“听见” listen“注意听”3.Ill think over how we should organize the food festival.我将仔细考虑我们应该怎样组织这次美食节活动。think over“仔细考虑”think of/about“考虑，思考”think of 还有“想起”之意4.Lets try our best to make it successful.让我们尽力成功举办这次美食节活动。try ones best=do ones best尽力，努力make sb./sth. successful 使获得成功5.Whats more, Im sure that selling rice and dumpling dishes can make a lot of money.而且，我相信出售米饭和饺子会赚很多钱。Whats more (口语)而且，更有甚者She is a beautiful girl .Whats more ,she is friendly to us.她是一个漂亮的女孩，而且对人也友好selling rice and dumpling dishes是v-ing分词短语做主语。6.Its a pleasure.用于感谢的答语还有：Thats Ok./Thats all right./Youre welcome./My pleasure.7.May I invite you to our food festival?Invite sb. to some place邀请某人去某处Invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做谋事 如：May I invite you to go shopping with me?我能邀请你一起去购物吗？8.Extension six zero zero six, please. 请接分机号6006。相当于Can I have extension six zero zero six ,please ? 或Please dial extension six zero zero six.9.Keep trying.继续努力吧。Keep(on)doing sth.继续/重复做某事Keep sb./sth.doing sth. 让某人持续做某事；让某事持续进行 如：He kept writing all the night.他整晚在写作。Ill try not to keep you waiting.我会尽量不让你久等。10.It has very few school supplies.学校设施简陋。句中supplies是作名词用。如：very few school supplies,这里supplies是名词复数，译为“学校设施简陋”，supply作为动词用，意为“提供”、“供应”。如：The school supplies books for/to the children.=The school supplies the children with books.-学校提供孩子们书籍。即：supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb. with sth.11.Our students will sell many delicious international foods in order to raise money for a village school in Nigeria.为了给尼日利亚一所乡村学校筹钱，我们学生将出售许多美味的国际食品。in order to意为“为了”，它引导的动词不定式短语作目的状语。否定结构 用in order not to ,比so as to正式，也可以用so that代替。如： -Hell try his best to work hard in order to/so as to catch up with his classmates.=Hell try his best to work hard so that he can catch up with his classmates. 他将尽全力努力学习为了能赶上他的同学。raise money集资，筹款 三、语法学习：1.宾语从句 宾语从句在句中起宾语的作用。它可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词、不定式、分词、动名词以及某些形容词的宾语，宾语从句可以由连词that, whether, if, 代词who, whose, what, which和副词when, where, how, why等引导。现先着重介绍连词that引导的宾语从句。下面就举例说明：I think he will be all right in a few days. 我想他几天就会好了。Im afraid (that)you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。I dont think(that)you are right. 我认为你不对。I hope that youll be better soon. 我希望你很快康复。I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。Im glad that you are ready to help others. 我很高兴你乐意帮助别人。学习宾语从句应注意几点：(1).引导词 (2).时态（时态一致） (3).语序（陈述）2.征求对方意见或提建议的句型。提建议、征询对方意见的四种表达方式(1) Shall I (we) ? 常用在提供帮助，提出建议，要求给以指示和征求意见，常译为我（们），好吗？ 如：Shall I (we) open the window? 我（们）把窗户打开，好吗？(2) May I? 常用在征求对方意见的句子中，常译为“我可以吗？” 如：May I invite you to organize the Food Festival with me ? 我可以邀请你和我一起组织这次美食节吗？(3) Will you ? 常用于请求对方完成某一动作，同时征求对方意见，常译为“请你好吗？”如：Will you please call me this evening?请你今晚打电话给我好吗？(4) Would you like to? Would like to do sth. 想要做某事。如：Would you like to eat another mooncake?你想再来一块月饼吗？四、日常交际用语：谈论社交活动中有关常见的日常交际用语Shall we have a food festival to make money for his school ?May I invite you to our food festival ?Id love to, but Im afraid I have no time.Will you please tell me something about?Whats up ?Thank you for inviting me to your food festival.Topic2 Cooking is fun一重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1.cook(名词)cook/cooker 2.fine(副词)finely 3.gentle(副词)gently4.noise(形容词)noisy 5.noisy(副词)noisily 6.hot（名词）heat7.polite(反义词)impolite 8.proud(名词)pride（二）重点词组：1.be ready to do sb./sth. 乐意/准备做某事2.be kind to sb./sth . 对某人/某物友好3.slicefinely 精细地把切小4.for a few minutes 过了一会儿5.fillwith 用装满6.drink to somebody 为干杯（或祝酒）7.finish doing 做完某事8.sit down at the table 坐在桌子旁边9.at table 吃饭，就餐10.start with 以开始11.raise glass 举杯12.take a sip 喝一小口13.around the world=all over the world=in the world 世界各地二.重点句型：1.You often teach me to be kind to the poor and the old. 你经常教我要善待穷人和老人。teach sb. to do sth.教某人（如何）做某事 be kind to do sth. kind是形容词，译为“善待某人”2.Would you like me to help you? 你需要我的帮忙吗？该句表示“客气的请求”，相当于Would you like + to do?或Will you please + do?另外like sb. to do sth.,这里like是动词，相当于want,译为“要某人做某事”。3.Its very kind of you. 你真是太好了。该句等同于You are very kind.4.After that, fill bowels 70%80% full with bone soup slowly.之后，慢慢地在碗里加78分的骨头汤。fill with“用装满”,fill用作动词，构成be filled with等同于be full of译为“充满，装满” 如：Fill the glass with water.往杯子里注满水（强调动作）The glass is filled of water.= The glass is full of water. 杯子里装满了水（强调状态） 5.Its not impolite to smoke during a meal in France. 在法国，吃饭时吸烟不是不礼貌的。 During是介词，后常跟名词或短语，而while是连词，后常跟从句。如： What did you do during the summer holiday? 在暑假期间你做了什么？这里不能用while代替。6.what does the dinner start with ? 晚餐先吃什么？begin/start with 以开始，如：Lets start our class with Unit 1.让我们从第一单元开始上课。7.Never drink too much during a dinner. 就餐时千万别喝太多。too much 是用来修饰不可数名词，too many是修饰可数名词，而much too是修饰形容词和副词。如：too much water太多的水，too many trees太多的树木，much too tired太累了 8.In parts of India, they use their fingers and bread to pick up the food .在印度地区，他们用手指和面包来抓食物。这里pick up译为“抓起，拾起”，另外还有“（用车）接（人或物）之意。如：Ill come to pick you up.我会开车去接你。三、语法学习：1.宾语从句（二）宾语从句的第二种类型由if或whether连接词引导，语序要用陈述句语序，意思是“是否”“是不是”。如：I dont know if/whether it is fine tomorrow.(语序必须是陈述句的)Do you know if/whether hell come?I dont know if/whether hell come.（宾语从句用将来时态）比较:If he comes tomorrow, let me know.(条件状语从句用现在时态)注：if引导状语从句，译为“如果”；引导宾语从句，译为“是否”，等同于whether。当宾语从句后面有or not时，一般用whether,不用if。2掌握并懂得正确应用It is+adj. + to do sth.句型It is+adj. + to do sth.句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。通常若主语太长，为避免头重脚轻，可用it 作形式主语，将动词不定式后置。如：It is necessary to study English hard.Its polite to smoke during a meal in France.四、日常交际用语：有关就餐前的日常交际用语Whats the most popular in your restaurant ?.Whats your favorite Chinese dish?.Would you like me to help you? Of course. Its very kind of you.How do you to make it?It sounds difficult.Well done!Topic3. A wonderful food festival!一、重点词汇：（一）词型转换：1.sell (名词)sale 2.buy (反义词) sell 3.else (同义词)other4.regular (副词)regularly 5.noisily (比较级)more noisily 6.neatly (最高级)most neatly（二）重点词组：1.shine brightly 阳光灿烂2.many different delicious food 各种不同的可口食物3.on sale 上市，出售4.kindhearted 心地善良5.a table for two 一张双人桌6.have the bill=get/pay the bill 结帐，付帐7.go Dutch 各付各的帐/AA制8.main course 主食，主菜9.go well 进展顺利10.sell well 卖得很好11.be worth doing 值得做12.send to 把寄给13.send for 派人去请14.keep a balanced diet 保持日常饮食均衡15.not onlybut also 不但而且16.not all 并非所有的二、重点句型：1.enjoy yourselves! 祝你们玩得开心！enjoy oneself 相当于have a good /nice/great/wonderful time2.Anything else ? 还要别的吗？else译为“别的”“其他的”常修饰疑问词，不定代词并放在所修饰词的后面。如：what else, who else, nobody else, something else等。other也表示“别的”“其他的”，但它修饰名词。如：some other people其他的一些人，other修饰名词people,不能用else代替。3.The Beijing roast duck smells nice and tastes nice, too. 北京烤鸭闻起来很香尝起来也香。 这里smell和taste都是系动词，后面加上形容词nice表语，构成系表结构，“系动词+adj.”构成系表结构，这类动词还有look, feel, sound, seem, get, turn, become, grow, make, keep等。 too, also, as well和either 都可以表示“也”，但用法不同：also较正式，位置通常接近动词，不用于句末：too多用于口语，位置通常在句末，前面常有逗号隔开，as well也多用于口语，只用于句末，以上3个词都不用于否定句，而either却用于否定句。如He also plays the piano.他也弹钢琴。He is a worker, too. 他也是个工人。He plays the guitars as well.他也弹吉他。He was not there ,either.他也不在那里。4.We must remember that we should eat not only our favorite food but also other healthy food.我们必须记住我们不仅要吃我们喜欢吃的食物，而且还要吃其他有益健康的食物not onlybut also不但而且，这种结构属于“对称”的句型，要求only和also尽量用同样的词语，如：She not only reads English ,but also speaks French. 她不仅能看懂英语，而且还能说法语。5.The more regularly we eat, the healthier we are.我们的饮食越有规律，我们身体就越健康。The+比较级，the+比较级表越就越。如：The more trees we plant, the more beautiful our city is.我们种越多的树，我们的城市就越漂亮。6.Not all students have a regular breakfast.并非所有的学生早餐饮食有规律。Not all译成“并非所有的”，是部分否定。如：Not all students like swimming. 并不是所有的学生喜欢游泳。三、语法学习：1.宾语从句第三种类是由what, which, whose , whom, who, where, when, why, how等引导，应注意语序变化（宾语从句是陈述语序）这类宾语从句是由特殊问句转变而来的，要用wh特殊疑问词来引导，意义即为疑问词本身的含义。如：Tell me what you want.告诉我你想要什么？Can you hear what I said? 你能听见我说了什么吗？You may ask him when he come.你可以问他什么时候来。Do you know who will come at the meeting?你知道谁要来参加会议吗？Tell me how she looked after her operation.告诉我她术后恢复的怎么样。注意：(1)宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，尤其要注意whether, if和wh疑问句引导的宾语从句的语序，即按照主语，谓语的顺序。如：Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗？I dont know who all those people are.我不知道那些人是谁。(2)宾语从句要考虑“时态一致”即当主句是过去时，从句也要用过去的某一时态。如：He asked me which my favorite Chinese dish was.他问我最喜爱的中国菜是那一样。Did you know who they were?你知道他们是谁吗？(3)若宾语从句跟在动词think, believe, suppose, except等后面，表示“要”，“认为”，句子的否定在主句上，称“否定前移”。如：I dont think you are right.我认为你是不对的。You dont think he is right, do you? 你认为他是不对的，是吗？2.副词的比较级和最高级的构成 （1）规则副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则。单音节词或少数双音节词构成规则一般在词尾加er或est以e结尾的词加r或st以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i,在加er或est多音节词和部分双音节词构成规则在词前加more或most少数不规则副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式如下：原级well badlylittlemuchfar比较级betterworselessmorefarther/further最高级best worst leastmost farthest/furthest(2) 副词比较等级的用法a. 同级比较：表示两者在某一方面程度相同时，用“as+副词原形+as”的句式；但表示前者不如后者时，用“not so(as)+副词原形+as”的句式。如；The boys are listening as carefully as the girls. 男生们跟女生们在一样认真地听。He didnt dance so(as) well as Jim. 他跳舞没有吉姆跳得好 b.比较级：表示一方程度比另一方更高时，用“副词比较级+than”的句式。在这一句式中，当than前后的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。副词比较级前常用much., a little, still, even表示“更”，这也可以作为判断比较级的依据。如： I sing better than she (does). 我唱歌比她唱得好。 My brother did much better in his lessons than I.我哥哥功课学得比我好多了。c.最高级：表示三个或三个以上的人或物的比较时，用副词最高级。结构为“the+副词最高级+比较范围。”其中的the常省去，比较范围常用of或in短语。如： Maria speaks English (the) best in our class. 在我们班上，玛丽亚英语讲得最好。 He studies (the) hardest of the three boys. 这三个男孩中，他学习最用功。四、日常交际用语：有关就餐时日常交际用语Here is the menu for you.May I take your order?Would you like to try?/start with?Id like,please.Which kind of drink would you like, beer, wine or tea? Anything else?No, thats all.May I have the bill?Lets go Dutch.UNIT 8 BEAUTIFUL CLOTHESTopic 1 What a nice coat !一重点词汇及短语：（一）词汇：1.服装名称：belt腰带 blouse宽松的上衣 boots 靴子 cap 帽子coat外套 dress套裙 gloves手套 hat 帽子jacket夹克 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子 raincoat雨衣scarf围巾 shirt衬衣 shoes鞋子 shorts 短裤skirt裙子 socks 短袜 stockings长袜 suit套服sweater毛衣 tie领带2.小件briefcase公文包 purse钱包 umbrella雨伞 wallet 皮夹3.衣服号码small小号 medium 中号 large 大号 extra large特大号（二）短语：1.on the first floor 在一楼2.getfrom 从中得到3.shopping center 购物中心4.catch ones eye 吸引某人的注意5.go with 与相配6.on special days 在特殊的日子7.in fact 事实上，实际上8.thanksgiving Day 感恩节9.depend on 依靠，依赖,相信10.Its said that 据说11.Santa Claus 圣诞老人12.the sameas 与一样13.protectfrom 保护使不受14.as well as 也，还15.be made of/from 由制成二重点句型：1.whats it made of?它是由什么做成的？be made of意为“由制成”（看出原料），类似结构的短语还有be made from“由制成”（看不出原料）be made in “某物生产于某地”be made up of“由组成”be made into“把作成某产品”如：The table is made of wood.这张桌子是木头制成的。Paper is made from wood.纸是木材做成的。The TV set is made in Japan.这台电视机是日本产的。The medical team is made up of ten doctors.这支医疗队由十位大夫组成。Bamboo can be made into walking sticks and fishing rods.用竹子可以制成很好的拐杖和钓鱼竿。2.The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和了。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”如：The little tree is getting taller and taller.那棵小树越来越高了。对于多音节的形容词或副词则这样表达more and more+adj/adv.如：The girl becomes more and more beautiful.那个女孩变得越来越漂亮了3.We can get cotton from plants and get wool,silk and leather from animals.我们可以从植物中获得棉花，从动物中获得羊毛、丝绸和皮革。get sth .from/sth./sb.从某事或某人处获得某物。4.Acaught her eye.一个引起了她的注意。如：catch ones eye 意为“吸引某人的注意”如：Can you catch the teachers eye? 你能引起老师的注意吗？5.What the people there wear depends on their likes and dislikes.人们的衣着取决于他们的喜好。depend on 意为“依靠、依赖”如：We depend on our hard work.我们依靠我们的努力工作。6.Some people prefer to dress formally一些人宁可打扮得正式些prefer 宁肯，更喜欢， prefer A to B = like A better than BI like prefer singing =I like singing better.我更喜欢唱歌。I prefer swimming to skating.比起滑冰我更喜欢游泳。7.While many South American people have the same way of dressing as Australia?然而许多南美的人们和澳大利亚有相同的衣着方式。While用于对比两件事物，意为“而，然而”Michael is interested in music, while his brother prefers P.E.迈克对音乐感兴趣，而他的兄弟却更喜欢体育。the same as 和一样/相同，反义词：be different from与不一样，如：My idea is the same as yours, but its different from his我的主意和你的一样，但和他的不一样。8.People first started wearing clothes to protect themselves from the sun ,wind, rain and cold.人们最早穿衣服是为了保护他们不受日晒、风吹、雨打以及寒冷。protect from sth/doing sth 阻止做The trees can protect the sand from moving.树可以防止沙子向前移。Try to protect your skin from the sun.尽量保护你的皮肤不受太阳暴晒。三语法学习：感叹句（1）感叹句用于表示说话时的一种较为强烈的感情。如：喜悦、赞叹、惊异、愤怒、厌恶等。感叹句的构成为“感叹部分+陈述部分+（主语+谓语）”，感叹部分由感叹词引导，陈述部分为整个感叹句的主语和谓语，句尾要用叹号“！”，读时要用降调。如：What a nice day it is ! 多好的天气！What a good boy he is ! 多好的男孩！How silly you are ! 你真傻！How beautiful it is ! 它多美啊！（2）感叹句的四种形式： What +a(an)+名词单数+主语+谓语 What +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语 How +形容词+主语+be How +副词+主语+动词 （3）口语中，what或how引导的感叹句可省略主语+谓语。如： What an interesting book! /How interesting!( 4) what 与how引导的感叹句之间的转换。 What a beautiful girl she is!=How beautiful the girl is! How delicious the food is!=What delicious food it is!Topic2 What would you like to wear ?一重点词汇：1.school uniform 校服2.allow sb.to do sth 允许某人做某事3.make a survey 做调查4.be in need 在需要时5.take off 脱下，脱掉；起飞6.on every occasion 在每一个场合7.have a business meeting 开商务会议8.dress for 为穿衣服/打扮9.in fashion 流行，时尚10.out of fashion 不流行，过时11.advise sb.(not) to do sth. 建议/劝告某人（不要）做某事12.at other times 在其余的时候；有的时候二重点句型：1.I dont like uniform because they will so ugly on us.我不喜欢校服，因为我们穿了它看起来很丑。look so ugly on us意为“穿在我们身上看起来很丑”2.I think our school should allow us to design our own uniform. 我认为我们的学校应该允许我们设计自己的校服。allow“允许、许可”，allow sb .to do sth.“允许某人做某事”如：Mr.Wang allows us to play football.王老师允许我们踢足球。3.They are good for patients. 他们对病人有好处。be good for 对有益，be bad for 对有坏处，be good at 擅长于4.Second,patients can find easily when they are in need.第二，当病人需要我们时，会很容易地找到我们。be in need “需要”，与 need同义。如：When you are in need, you can call me.当你在需要的时候，你可以打电话给我。5.You should take off your shoes when you enter someones home in Japan. 当你进入日本人家的时候，必须先脱掉鞋子。take off意为“脱下，脱掉”，反义词组是put on. take off还可表示“起飞”The plane will take off in an hour.飞机将在一小时内起飞。6.But now ,most of us can dress for ourselves.但是现在我们大多数人都可以自己打扮。dress for“为穿衣服”put on“穿（戴）上”的动作，反义词take offwear, have on, be on“穿（戴）着”的状态。dress sb./oneself“给别人/自己穿衣服，dress up“穿上盛穿、乔装打扮”dress后不能接“衣服”类的词作宾语。7.Its well-known that uniforms are not popular but useful.众所周知，制服不流行但有用。Its well- known意为“众所周知”如：Its well- known that this song is very popular. 众所周知，这首歌很流行。notbut 不是而是He isnt a teacher but a doctor.他不是一个老师而是一个医生。三语法学习： 跟to do的动词口诀希望想学就同意，(hope, wish, would like, want, learn, agree)需要决定选to do。(need, decide, choose)开始喜欢又讨厌，(begin, start, like, prefer, love, hate)to do, doing意无别。忘、记停止继续试。(forget, remember, stop, go on, try)to do意不同。命令警告邀人教，(order ,warn, ask, tell, invite, teach sb .to do)希望要让别人做。(wish,want, would like, get, allow sb .to do)五看三使役，(see, look at, watch, notice, observe, make, let, have)二听一感半帮助，(hear, listen to; feel; (to)help)主动to字要离去，被动to字要回府。 跟do的动词口诀听观感使让帮请最好不带to，为什么不呢？(hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,feel,make,let,have,help,please,had better,why not)Topic3 Lets go to see the fashion show一重点词汇：1. fashion show 时装表演/时装秀2. T-shaped stag T型台3. in the center of 在的中心4. high fashion 高级时尚5. in the world of 在领域6. wedding dress 婚纱7.stand for 代表8.get ones name 得名9.be known to 为所知10.be designed as 以来设计11.except for 除之外二.重点句型： 1.There is going to be a fashion show in fashion show in Xidan Shopping center.在西单购物中心将会有一场时装秀。 There is going to be是There be结构的将来时,表示某地将举行某项运动，或将有某物。如：There is going to be a football match in our school next week.=There will be a football match in our school next week.我们学校下周将有一场足球比赛。there is/are going to be=there will be2.Here come the models. 模特走过来了。（1）英语中以here或there开头的句子要倒装，除主语是代词外，动词要放在主语之前。如：Here come Mary! 玛丽来了！ Here come the bus! 车来了！(2)主语若是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如：Here she comes.她来了。Here it is.它在这儿。3.The Tang costume stands for Chinese history and fashion culture.唐装代表着中国的历史和服装文化。stand for意为“代表”，如：It stands for Olympics.它代表着奥林匹克。4.The so-called Tang costume got its name because China became known to other countries during the Han and Tang Dynasties.所谓的唐装是因为中国在汉、唐时期开始文明于世而得名。（1）so-called所谓的（2）get ones name得名 如：The village got its name from the lake in it.这个村庄因村内的湖泊而得名。 5.Chinese