2003年职称英语考试卫生类A类卷

1 2003 年职称英语考试卫生类 A 类卷 第第 1 部分 词汇选择部分 词汇选择 1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively A invented B explained C considered D accepted 2 He talks tough but has a tender heart A heavy B strong C wild D kind 3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy A making B taking C expecting D discussing 4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing A waste B buy C sell D use 5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters A function B ability C volume D power 6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs A tensely B nearly C closely D carefully 2 7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadness A excited B supported C inspired D directed 8 The book provides a concise analysis of the country s history A clean B perfect C brief D real 9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times A suggested B warned C confirmed D stated 10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o clock A began B continued C resumed D ended 11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger A substitute B sign C proof D target 12 However bad the situation is the majority is unwilling to risk change A eager B reluctant C pleased D angry 13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one 3 A control B limit C replace D offset 14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post war reconstruction of the area A investigate B deny C stress D create 15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water A suddenly B gradually C excessively D exceptionally 第第 2 部分 阅读判断部分 阅读判断 阅读下面这篇短文 短文后列出 7 个句子 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断 如果 该句提供的是正确信息 请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑 如果该句提供的是错误信息 请在答题卡上 把 B 涂黑 如果该句的信息文章中没有提及 请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑 Using HIV Virus to Cure Cancer Scientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency 免疫缺陷 virus HIV one of mankind s most feared viruses as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the body s immune 免疫的 defenses making it ideal for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies according to the Observer A team at the California based Salk Institute one of the world s leading research centers on biological sciences has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the U S Food and Drug Administration FDA to begin clinical gene therapy 治疗 trials this year The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have far wider applications The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades 4 Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was shocking but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the potentially deadly genes removed Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient s body fails to work properly In the past two years breakthroughs in genetics 遗传学 have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally Unfortunately the body s immune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier The HIV virus has the ability to escape from and then destroy the immune defense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies 1 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2 The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3 HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4 The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the body s immune cells A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5 Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6 It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7 The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第第 3 部分 概括大意与完成句子部分 概括大意与完成句子 Exercising Your Memory 5 1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power unless you help it help by letting your mind go 2 That s not to say that memory doesn t change throughout life Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored One system divides it up as short term less than one minute remembering a telephone number while you dial for instance long term over a period of years and very long term memory over a lifetime 3 Short term memory isn t mastered until about age 7 but after that you never lose it Long term memory however involves more effort and skill and changes through life It s not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long term memory 4 First we must get information into our heads through learning Learning strategies can get rusty 生锈的 迟钝的 without constant use High school and college students who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long term memory abilities at least long term enough to get them through a final exam usually do well on memory tests The longer you stay in school the more chance you get to polish your learning skills It s no wonder that more highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life 5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active reading discussing taking classes thinking and those who do not Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape and this helps your memory to function at full capacity 6 The next part of a healthy long term memory is retention 保持力 记忆力 the ability to store what you have learned Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost whether they still exist in the brain nut our mental searching cannot turn them up or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages 7 The third necessity for memory is recall the ability to mind the memories we have stored Again while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people research indicates that the older we get the longer it takes to recall facts But slower recall is still recall In fact aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people 23 Paragraph 3 24 Paragraph 4 25 Paragraph 5 26 Paragraph 6 6 A Effects of aging on a person s recall ability B short term memory versus long term memory C retention as the second necessity for memory D like between learning strategies and effective memory skills E Significance of exercising your muscles F importance of staying intellectually active 27 Retention refers to 28 The rate of forgetting is the same 29 Remembering something all your life 30 Exercising your brain every day is beneficial A to the proper function of your memory B is called long term memory C the capacity to store what you have learned D belongs to every long term memory E the ability to remain mentally healthy F for younger and older people 第第 4 部分 阅读理解部分 阅读理解 第一篇 First Aid First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse temperature a clear airway 气道 and breathing In minor emergencies first aid may prevent a victim s condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain First aid must be administered as quickly as possible In the case of the critically injured a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life First aid measures depend upon a victim s needs and the provider s level of knowledge and skill Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do Improperly moving a person with a neck injury for example can lead to permanent spinal 脊 柱的 injury and paralysis 瘫痪 Despite the variety of injuries possible several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies The first step is to call for professional medical help The victim if conscious should be reassured that medical aid has been requested and asked for permission to provide any first aid Next assess the scene asking other people or the injured person s 7 family or friends about details of the injury or illness any care that may have already been given and preexisting conditions such as diabetes 糖尿病 or heart trouble The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet 手镯 or card that describes special medical conditions Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or card that describes special medical conditions Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury do not move the victim First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life threatening conditions exist One method for evaluating a victim s condition is known by the acronym 首字 母缩写词 ABC which stands for A Airway is it open and clear B Breathing is the person breathing Look listen and feel for breathing C Circulation is there a pulse Is the person bleeding externally Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems 31 First aid may bring about all the following results EXPECT A saving a victim s life B preventing a victim s condition from getting worse C relieving a victim from pain D helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury 32 Before we administer first aid to a victim it is very important for us A to make sure what to do and what not to do B to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid C to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearing D to take him to a hospital at once 33 In administering first aid to a victim you should first of all A remove him from the accident scene B turn him over C call for professional medical help D examine him carefully 34 You may assess a victim s condition by all the following EXPECT A checking whether there is a pulse B looking listening and feeling for breathing C replacing his medical bracelet or card D examining whether the airway is open and clear 8 35 The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader A the importance of protecting the accident scene B some basic facts about first aid C what professional medical help is D who can administer first aid 第二篇 Stress at Work and Still Healthy The term could yet become the word of the year stress is on everyone s lips these days and everywhere Not only managers officials and teachers are complaining nowadays housewives children and pensioners now also have their own problems They too sacrifice themselves for others feel under or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance Irritation tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow But that is only the negative aspect Stress after all is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life tension and vitality 活力 Firstly stress is healthy says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle The doctor and management consultant says It occurs when the body loses its inner balance but then stress hormones are produced to re establish the balance Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure It is unavoidable as part of our nature There is no such thing as a stress free life But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on the duration 持续时间 its cause or causes and the sufferer s personal situation People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress Others people who feel refreshed at every new turn are relaxed and successful will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear Exercise healthy eating and relaxing are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time These factors form a unit explains Marita Voelker Albert spokeswoman for the government s Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne Its campaign Gut Drauf Feeling Good is targeted at young people The government agency s research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired overtaxed 负担过重 and under stress Eating disorders and complaints such as migraines 偏头痛 and indigestion 消化不良 nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12 to 16 year olds But even the best solutions don t work if they are not put into practice says Stehling Anybody who goes jogging regularly practices yoga 瑜伽功 and prescribes good literature as a cure for negative stress may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time 9 for it all Sometimes says the consultant it helps to take time out to reduce stress levels over a weekend 36 Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress A Stress has both positive and negative aspects B Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure C Stress only leads to serious problems D Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature 37 A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feel A fit and healthy B under or overworked C relaxed and happy D irritated tired and exhausted 38 Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress A Those who suffer from the flu B Those who are in good moods C Those who are successful D Those who feel refreshed at every new turn 39 All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to 16 EXPECT A painful headache B indigestion C nervousness and concentration problems D loss of memory 40 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress A Reading good literature B Practicing yoga C Having a healthy diet D Working overtime 第三篇 Is the News Believable Unless you have gone through the experience yourself or watched a loved one s struggle you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you You pray you 10 rage you bargain with God but most of all you clutch at any hope no matter how remote of a second chance at life For a few excited days last week however it seemed as if the whole world was a cancer patient and that all humankind had been granted a reprieve 痛苦减轻 Triggered by a front page medical news story in the usually reserved New York Times all anybody was talking about on the radio on television on the Internet in phone calls to friends and relatives was the report that a combination of two new drugs could as the Times put it cure cancer in two years In a matter of hours patients had jammed their doctors phone lines begging for a chance to test the miracle cancer cure Cancer scientists raced to the phones to make sure everyone knew about their research too generating a new round of headlines The time certainly seemed ripe for a breakthrough in cancer Only last month scientists at the National Cancer Institute announced that they were halting a clinical trial of a drug called tamoxifen 他莫昔芬 and offering it to patients getting the placebo 安慰剂 because it had proved so effective at preventing breast cancer although it also seemed to increase the risk of uterine 子宫的 cancer Two weeks later came the New York Times report that two new drugs could shrink tumors of every variety without any side effects whatsoever It all seemed too good to be true and of course it was There are no miracle cancer drugs at least not yet At this stage all the drug manufactures can offer is some very interesting molecules and the only cancers they have cured so far have been in mice By the middle of last week even the TV talk show hosts who talked most about the news had learned what every scientist already knew that curing a disease in lab animals is not the same as doing it in humans The history of cancer research has been a history of curing cancer in the mouse Dr Richard Klausner head of the National Cancer Institute told the Los Angeles Times We have cured mice of cancer for decades and it simply didn t work in people 41 According to the passage a person suffering from cancer will A give up any hope B pray for the health of his loved ones C seize every chance of survival D go out of his way to help others 42 The unprecedented interest in the cure of cancer was aroused by A a nationwide discussion of the topic B an announcement by the National Cancer Institute C a medical news story in the Los Angeles Times D a report in the New York Times 11 43 According to the New York Times report a combination of two new drugs could A prevent breast cancer B reduce the size of all tumors C cure various diseases D prevent uterine cancer 44 In the first sentence of the last paragraph it was means A it was too good to be true B it was true C it was a miracle drug D it was good 45 The history of cancer research has shown that A miracle cancer drugs often turn up unexpectedly B the mass media can work wonders C animals and humans are similar in behaviour D curing cancers in mice is much easier than in humans 第第 5 部分 补全短文部分 补全短文 A New Medicine to Treat Both AIDS and Hepatitis B A medicine approved last moth to treat AIDS 艾滋病 also shows promise against hepatitis B 乙 肝炎 The drug 3TC puts down the hepatitis B virus in people with chronic infections stopping its damage to the liver researchers reported About one million Americans are thought to be infected with hepatitis B which can lead to cirrhosis 肝硬化 liver failure and liver cancer in a small proportion of victims if left untreated 46 It s a preliminary study but this is promising It looks like it has