教育教学论文关于跨文化交际

第 1 页 共 10 页 Praise acts on the similarities and differences in Chinese and English culture Abstract Because of the different traditions and customs in Chinese and English cultures people s way of life way of thinking values language habits are very different distinct cultural differences also exist many daily communicative activities in two languages This paper through the comparison and analysis of compliment behavior in Chinese and English culture differences and pragmatic failures we further understand the language only in a certain cultural background and context are used correctly in order to reflect the communicative value to them it is of great help and inspiration to our daily communication English language teaching and research Key Words Praise acts the similarities and differences Language is the carrier of culture is an inseparable part of culture it reflects culture and is influenced by culture Apart from the structural rules of language use namely restricting the pronunciation vocabulary and grammar but also restricted by the use of rules rules of use here refers to the language of the social culture social culture determines language appropriateness Because of cultural transfer foreign language learners often will own cultural model into a new language and culture 第 2 页 共 10 页 while culture is the unity continuity and consensus and their differences and variability Praise act this social phenomenon exists in every society exists in a variety of different language and culture different levels and different degrees reflects people s communicative activities it can not only shorten the distance between people but also can contact the feelings to consolidate and strengthen the communication between the unity the social function of lubrication oil American linguist Pomerantz pointed out that praise language is a support act supportive action is also a kind of evaluative behavior assessment action that is to say praise not only praise of nature nature also has evaluation Let s discuss Chinese English culture in praise the speech act on the similarities and differences of culture and make an analysis on the pragmatic failures resulting from this so that we can better understand the cross cultural communication how to appropriately praise each other and know how to correctly on the other side of the complimentary language response it has an extremely important role in our daily communication English language teaching and research Praise acts in Chinese and English culture similarities 1 Pay attention to courtesy 第 3 页 共 10 页 The degree of politeness in verbal communication in a certain sense marks the level of civilization of a society reflects a nation s spirit China is an ancient civilization a state of ceremonies in interpersonal communication people pay much attention to the humble and respectful attitude and polite language English culture also fully embodies the principles of polite speech act Ricci Leech 1983 on the basis of previous studies from the perspective of pragmatics and rhetoric of interpersonal communication the principles of politeness in communication activities are summarized and new classification namely the Tact Maxim Tact Maxim generosity maxim generosity Maxim approbation maxim approbation Maxim modesty maxim modesty Maxim consistent standards agreement Maxim and sympathy maxim sympathy Maxim and other six standards Some western scholars have politeness phenomena in verbal communication from different perspectives were discussed the polite to become one of the important research topics in pragmatics The politeness principle is reflected to the behavior in the expression of praise and gratitude Chinese and English have many similarities For example 1 Your cooking is really delicious 2 Thank you for your help 第 4 页 共 10 页 2 Advocate modest attitude Is generally believed that modesty is with the Chinese culture of virtue but in the English culture is also an important content In the Chinese expression of humility for praise and evaluation from each other are generally not used fully agrees with the response and to downsize to agree strategy For example 1 A You just sing really well B Really But I think I didn t let go 2 A You have a nice one room apartment B Yes The rent is expensive It is a burden The speaker by agreed and approved by to praise each other s behavior the hearer by modest polite attitude to response so as to create and atmosphere this is typical of Chinese and English language in conversation Praise acts with the characteristics of social etiquette in daily life maintain a relationship between people 3 Pay attention to harmony Many oriental countries including China in the history of social structure has been a family type forming a polymerization mode which is characterized by conformity consciousness is strong not to highlight the 第 5 页 共 10 页 individual pay attention to harmony with others It is not difficult to find in the school some speak artistic teacher student is speaking strategies such as your article is well written if the word more beautiful more wonderful The teacher put criticism calligraphy and praised the combined weakened the criticism of taste easy to accept students for the maintenance of a harmonious relationship between teachers and students plays a good role China has to and as the axis of the culture Chinese people often unconsciously subtle use of this and culture to understand each other each other to achieve a harmonious relationship English speaking countries mostly alien mixed country become a kind of discrete model characterized by mutual estrangement pay attention to the individual However their society is not in the coordination on the efforts Western philosophers of language and the pragmatic Grice proposed in 1968 four coordination principle session needs 1 tell the truth do not say not quite grasp it 2 to grasp the information quantity don t give out the required information 3 said about the content words don t beside the point 4 to a crisp concise clear The four principle is considered to be the general principle of conversation language communication Praise acts the differences in Chinese and English culture The differences between the praise of Chinese and English culture 第 6 页 共 10 页 An American student and a Chinese students were invited to go to Japan to a friend s home although the Chinese students to the United States after the students say that Japanese food is not to his taste but eat and visit after farewell he has kept in front of his master said how delicious meal American students think Chinese students say the words it sounds very hypocritical He thinks if he is himself he would say some words of thanks but will also bluntly pointed out that the taste of food In this regard the Chinese students explained that delicious food is an expression of gratitude not hypocritical flattery In English culture people used to put on the other side of the admiration and gratitude of the speech act of different performance if want to praise them is also critical restrictive and high profile praise and the Chinese people in the face of the same object the praise and thank the words is low profile without evaluation affirm often by Westerners as too much humility is false flattering performance The differences between the awards range and different ideas Different traditions and values in Chinese and English culture leads to the differences of praise range in the Western cultural background religious belief income and age are taboo topics such as we are to such problems will make the topic praised the embarrassment further exchanges between the two sides And praise words in English in contrast higher 第 7 页 共 10 页 frequency in Chinese language to praise the personality inner character and the spirit of praise and admiration as usual can hear the following greetings 1 Your temper is very good so have patience to the children 2 Did you get up so early 3 You study really hard The traditions and values of different is also reflected in the different ideas of the same praise people A culture generally recognized or considered valuable behavior but not in another culture admits or is rejected a culture that is civilization and appropriate language in another culture is backward rude Let us on the following topics are discussed which will have a more profound understanding of As for the weight this is a high frequency in the two languages of the topic In the past Chinese people meet if say to each other fat and fat is a compliment but improve the people s standard of living has brought the health and aesthetic needs a lot of people would rather listen to others say that they thin but we still can t deny in the influence of traditional culture And say to each other fat and fat still contain compliment each other favorable conditions of life meaning and say that the other lost general also expressed their health concerns in English culture 第 8 页 共 10 页 does not have this meaning people put overweight as a sign of ill health so that each other fat will be interpreted as alluding each other physical decline and say that the other lost is no doubt the compliment As for the money for Chinese people praised the family background economic status of each other is a compliment in many cases the compliment will also carry the envy of the composition in English culture is not people pay more attention to the individual effort and wealth this concept in the Benjamin Franklin writings have been God helps those who of help themselves God helps those who help themselves As for the friendship the two Chinese English cultural background of people attach importance to friendship but interpersonal relations orientation of Chinese people with emotion as the center believe that friends especially friends should help each other mutual loyalty so we often hear really mean enough and loyal such a compliment this is listening not in English culture In English culture as the interpersonal relationship orientation in the context of work interests and activities as the center friend relationship still emphasizes the independence autonomy and competition not the obligation and responsibility to each other So if a person did not give him in trouble to help a friend is quite normal and understandable 第 9 页 共 10 页 As for the appearance Chinese women are praised for their appearance of the opposite sex in public or the presence of her husband most people will feel embarrassed som