绿色物流系统建设现状与对策的文献综述+英文文献

苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 1 文献综述文献综述 引言 引言 物流自从 1979 年被我国引入 已得到很大的发展 但与此同时 物流活动也对生态 环境造成了极大的影响和破坏 因此 近年来我们一直普及和提倡绿色物流这一崭新的 概念 所以 收集涉及到绿色物流的相关学识水平较高的论文 进行分析总结文章所述 的内容 问题 方法及其意义 一 一 绿色物流的相关内容分析绿色物流的相关内容分析 刘辉在 我国绿色物流发展状况及其路径初探 中提出 绿色物流也称环保物流 是指在物流过程中抑制物流对环境造成危害的同时 实现对物流环境的净化 使物流 资源得到最充分利用 随着环境资源恶化程度的加深 人类生存和发展的威胁越大 因此人们对环境的利用和环境的保护越来越重视 现代物流的发展必须优先考虑环境问 题 需要从环境角度对物流体系进行改进 即需要建立一种既维护全球环境和可持续发 展 改变原来的生产发展与物流 现代绿色物流管理强调了全局和长远的利益 强调 全方位对环境的关注 体现了企业绿色形象 是一种新的物流管理趋势 在当前的国际 国内形势下 建立与经济全球化趋势和我国社会主义市场经济相适应的现代绿色物流体 系 提倡高效节能 绿色环保的物流活动 是十分必要而且有重大意义的 我国国家标准 物流术语 中的 绿色物流 是指在物流过程中抑制对环境造成危 害的同时 实现对物流环境的进化 使物流资源得到充分利用 谢泗薪 吕静 2009 认为它通过先进的物流技术和面向环境管理的理念 以降低 污染物排放 减少资源消耗为目标 是一中融合了环境保护观念的物流决策模式 王静 2009 认为绿色物流主要内容包括 企业的物流活动和社会对绿色物流活动 的管理 规范和控制 各个单项的绿色物流企业 如绿色运输 绿色仓储 绿色包装 绿色流通加工等 还包括为实现资源再利用而进行的废弃物循环物流 林敬松在 绿色物流 现代企业持续发展的必然选择 中指出 现代物流活动是由 实现物质 商品空间移动的输送 时间移动的保管 流通加工 包装 装卸等元素构成 现代物流活动中的各个元素都在不同程度上因存在非绿色因素而对环境造成污染 二 二 中国发展绿色物流的必要性中国发展绿色物流的必要性 郑文生在 关于绿色物流管理的若干思考 中提出 物流是介于生产与消费之间的 经济活动 包括运输 保管 装卸 配送 流通加工 物流信息处理等多项基本活动 马天山在 现代物流基础 中说过 绿色物流是指为了实现顾客满意 连接绿色供给主 体和绿色需求主体 克服空间和时间阻碍的有效 快速的绿色商品和服务流动的绿色经 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 2 济管理活动过程 现代绿色物流强调了全方位对环境的关注 体现了企业的绿色形象 是一种全新的物流形态 1 绿色物流是可持续发展的需要 可持续发展战略指社会经济发展必须同自然环境和社会环境相适应 可持续发展战 略同样适用于物流企业 它要求企业将其经营活动与自然环境 社会环境的发展相联系 因此 物流企业必须树立绿色观念从事绿色经营 做到物流与环境共生 绿色物流的建 立 更有利于全面满足人民不断提高的物质和文化生活的需要 物流作为生产和消费的中 介 是满足人民物质和文化生活的基本环节 而绿色物流则是伴随着人民生活需求的进一 步提高 尤其是绿色消费的提出应运而生的 2 绿色物流有利于物流企业取得新的竞争优势 日益严峻的环境问题和日趋严格的环保法规 使企业必须积极建立完善绿色物流体 系 绿色物流不仅是一般物流成本的降低 更重视的是绿色化和由此带来的节能 高效 少污染 随着可持续发展观念不断的深入人心 消费者越来越关注企业是否具有社会责 任感 即企业是否节约利用资源 企业是否对废旧产品的原料进行回收 企业是否注重 环境保护等等 这些都成为决定企业形象与声誉的重要因素 通过绿色物流来追求高于 竞争对手的相对竞争优势 绿色物流是最大限度降低经营成本的必由之路 当前的物流 基本上还是高投入于大物流 低投入小于物流的运行模式 而绿色物流强调的是低投入 大物流的方式 显而易见 绿色物流不仅限于一般物流的节约和低成本 更重视的是绿色 化和由此带来的节约和降低成本 更重视的是绿色化和由此带来的节能高效少污染 它对 生产经营成本的节省可以说是无可估量的 3 绿色物流是全球经济一体化的需要 陈柳钦在 物流管理新趋势 中指出 目前 世界各国都把绿色物流作为物流业发 展的重点 积极开展绿色环保物流的专项技术研究 促进新材料的广泛应用和开发 进 行回收物流的理论和实践研讨 积极出台相应的绿色物流政策和法规 努力为物流绿色 化和可持续发展奠定基础 同发达国家相比 我国存在多方面的差距 这也正是我国绿 色物流发展的障碍 三 三 绿色物流有利于提高企业形象和取得新的竞争优势绿色物流有利于提高企业形象和取得新的竞争优势 绿色物流有利于提高企业形象和取得新的竞争优势绿色物流有利于提高企业形象和 取得新的竞争优势绿色物流有利于提高企业形象和取得新的竞争优势 郑桂军 2009 认为企业在追求利润的同时 还应该注重环保 尽量减少或避免物流活动对环 境的危害 从而树立良好的企业形象 同时 绿色物流的实施在一定程度上也有利于增 强企业的竞争力 能够增强品牌的使用价值 大打绿色品牌 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 3 总结总结 通过学习了类似相关于绿色物流系统建设的现状与对策当今学术领域较高水准的论 文 包括 绿色物流的产生背景 绿色物流的理论基础 绿色物流的概念 绿色物流 的特点 绿色物流的内涵 我国发展绿色物流存在的问题和障碍 我国发展绿色物流的 必要性 我国发展绿色物流的对策战略等等 从中了解到 绿色物流是实现社会经济可持续发展的必然的要求 对提高社会经济 和人类生活水平有着深远的影响 我国发展绿色物流必须要求政府 企业 社会共同努 力 同时 绿色物流符合时代发展的要求和人类生存发展的利益 因而必然成为 21 世纪 物流管理发展的方向和趋势 目前我国绿色物流的发展才刚起步 存在很多问题 要使 我国绿色物流快速发展还需要政府 企业 消费者的共同努力 任务艰巨 尽管我国在 发展绿色物流方面存在许多障碍 但从其社会责任及可以带来的积极作用方面考虑 我 们应该努力发展绿色物流 促进经济社会的可持续发展 强调物流活动过程中要注重减 少对环境的污染 充分利用有限的资源发挥最大的效用 我国现阶段发展绿色物流的主要问题是 落后的思想观念 物流基础设施不够完善 相关物流专业人才缺乏 相关政策体制法规不健全等等 我国发展绿色物流是顺应时代的潮流 也是我国在未来的经济环境发展中的必经之 路 所以发展我国绿色物流迫在眉睫 对于我国发展绿色物流我认为主要从以下几方面 进行着手努力 政府引导 政府应当制定并不断完善相应的规章制度 政府大力培养专业的绿色物流管理人才 政府扩大建设绿色物流的基础设施 企业贯彻 绿色运输策略 绿色流通加工 绿色包装管理 绿色废弃物物流管理 生产绿色物流运输工具 开展绿色营销 民间落实 学习绿色环保知识的重要性 绿色环保从我做起 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 4 从国内学者对绿色物流系统建设现状与对策的研究来看 虽然设计的范围很全面也 很广泛 但每个人都是从单方面进行研究 例如 有的只是介绍了绿色物流的情况和知 识 有的只是介绍了绿色物流实施过程的问题 有的只是罗列了企业应该如何实施绿色 物流 我认为我国的绿色物流至今还停留在观念的水平上 离具体的实施还有相当长远的 距离 而和国外的情况相比 更是存在着明显的差距 在这些学者的基础上 我将会归纳与总结 取其精华 综合起来 进行进一步的补 充 文章将会进一步的先说明绿色物流的相关理论知识概念 结合我国现状与对策 学 习国外的先进理念 为我国今后发展绿色物流做出必要的结论 参考文献参考文献 1 陈柳钦 环保 物流管理新趋势 中国经济信息 2002 15 2 谢泗薪 吕静 绿色物流 物流企业的战略选择 J 现代物流 2009 8 55 57 3 王静 基于循环经济的绿色物流发展研究 J 经济问题 2008 12 40 42 4 马天山 现代物流基础 M 北京 人民交通出版社 2005 1 5 郑文生 关于绿色物流管理的若干思考 中国资源综合利用 2003 9 28 6 郑桂军 两型社会 绿色物流意识的培养 J 企业家天地 2009 11 128 129 7 林敬松 对发展绿色物流的思考 物流 2008 8 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 5 2012 International Conference on Applied Physics and Industrial Engineering Green Packaging Management of Logistics Enterprises Guirong Zhang Zongjian Zhaoba Shandong Jiao tong University Jinan Shandong China Chang an University xi an Shanxi China Abstract From the connotation of green logistics management we discuss the principles of green packaging and from the two levels of government and enterprises we put forward a specific management strategy The management of green packaging can be directly and indirectly promoted by laws regulations taxation institutional and other measures The government can also promote new investment to the development of green packaging materials and establish specialized institutions to identify new packaging materials standardization of packaging must also be accomplished through the power of the government Business units of large scale through the packaging and container based to reduce the use of packaging materials develop and use green packaging materials and easy recycling packaging materials for proper packaging 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 6 Keywords logistics green Packaging logistics management green logistics 1 Introduction Shortage of resources in society today the resources available for human use has become increasingly scarce To packaging for example most packaging products are single use and turn to waste after use and the product life cycle of them are very short so consuming large amount of resources consumed in the same time the ecological environment has also been an unprecedented threat In China the pollution caused by packaging waste has become the fourth largest source of pollution only followed to water pollution lake and ocean pollution and air pollution The development of green packaging protection of the ecological environment and promoting sustainable economic development have become the consensus in the world s packaging industry in many industrialized countries 2 The content of green logistics 2 1 The concept of Green Logistics Green Logistics is a logistics activity which aimed to reduce pollution of the environment and consumption of resource using of advanced logistics technology planning and implementation of transport storage packaging handling processing and distribution It is an effective and efficient flow of goods that connecting the main green supply and the main green demand to overcome the obstacles between space and time and green services activities in the process of 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 7 economic management also known as environmental logistics 2 2 The contents of green logistics system Green Logistics System includes the following six aspects green transportation green storage and safekeeping loading and unloading system of green green packaging green distribution processing collection and management of green information 3 The negative impact of packaging 3 1 Package on the consumption of resources The packaings of product have different levels Packaging that directly contact with the product is the inside packaging usually is disposable packaging In order to make easier for transport storage and loading and unloading sometimes it needs for secondary packaging or even packaging several times There are many different types of logistics containers such as with different materials different structure as well typical of such trays containers container bags corrugated boxes cans buckets and other utensils Both products loaded package and logistics package were needed to consume a large a mount of resources and produce large amounts of solid waste Thus the impact of packaging to environment is very large 3 2 Pollution generated by packaging 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 8 Solid waste pollution Packing and consumption of resources in large numbers will generate a lot of waste From a global point of view packaging waste generated an important component of solid waste At present there are about 10 million tons of solid waste annual in the world and packaging waste accounts for about the total l 3 Waste packaging materials include paper plastic metal glass and other ingredients To deal with these solid waste not only need to spend a lot of manpower material and financial resources but also caused serious pollution of the natural environment and threatened the survival environment of the human Liquid and gaseous pollution Abandoned chemical residues in bucket will flow into the nearby villages and farmland follow the rain causing large areas of water and soil serious pollution and even the growth of plants will be contaminated The health of residents and living environment will be greatly affected The spread of bacteria and pests In international logistics the traditional natural packaging material may not only carry a variety of crop pests but also carry various types of bacteria which may spread and endanger the local forests and crops and even affect human and livestock s safety 4 Green package 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 9 4 1The conception of green package Green package can also be called ecological package or environmental friendly package is defined as environmental friendly package which is completely made by natural plants can be circle or second use be prone to degradation and promote sustainable development even during its whole life cycle it is hurtless to environment as well as to human body and livestock s health In short green packaging is the appropriate packaging that can be reused recycled or degradation corruption and does not cause pollution in humans and the environment during the product life cycle 4 2The 4R1D principles of green packaging Green packaging is not only a package of general performance but also with two main functions such as protecting the environment and renewable resources The two main functions achieved by the principles of 4R1D these are reduce reuse reclaim recycle and degradable Reduce that is packaging reduction For the premise packaging products to meet the protection facilitate the logistics sales and other functions it try to use as little material as possible European and American countries will develop packaging reduction as the preferred measures of package In order to implement the measure of appropriate amount of packaging the company should design to try and make the package of thin lightweight and never use packaging without the need for it Reuse that is repeated use of packaging After simple treatment the 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 10 containers can be reused Reuse of containers can significantly reduce waste volume To use reusable containers as much as possible will enhance recycling rate of packaging waste reuse Reclaim also calls recyclable Refers to the use of packaging waste combustion to obtain new energy sources and does not produce secondary pollution Through the recycling of packaging waste production of renewable products such as the use of thermal incineration composting and other measures to improve the land condition to achieve reuse purposes Recycle calls can be reused As far as possible to use low power low cost low pollution raw materials as packaging material in particular the selection of recycled materials should be expanded which can not only reduce environmental pollution but also saves raw materials and be propitious to recycling resources such as production of recycled paper board and plastic Degradable is the ultimate packaging waste that can not be reuse of should be able to degrade corrupt and do not form a permanent waste For example select biodegradable packaging materials of paper as more as possible Take paper on the plastic s place 5 Green packaging management strategies 5 1 Government level Government should play the guiding role of the management through the 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 11 development of a series of policies and regulations or the use of economic instruments to limit or encourage manufacturers use in product designing and packaging processing behavior in order to promote green packaging 1 To promote the development and application of new packaging materials through the legislation way The development of green packaging materials use and the development of green packaging if there are only good wishes but not mandatory requirement for the government and regulation are difficult to achieve the desired effect Currently under manufacturers and users are still relatively weak in the sense of environmental protection to pass legislation to manage the production and the use of green packaging materials is still needs in order to promote green packaging materials and the development of green packaging Green packaging regulations should include environmental standards for green packaging materials control quantity emissions of total administrative regulations and environmental purification technologies mainly including packaging waste recycling technology which prevent and eliminate pollutants discharged into the environment It should also build on the reuse system of using recycled packaging waste 2 Establish the law of the recycling or reuse The basic characteristics of circular economy are to recycle waste resources The key to recycle packaging waste is recycling and the key to recovery package is through legislation that requiring manufacturers and distributors take financial responsibility for recycling of packaging waste and recycling compulsory payment In China packaging 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 12 industry has rapidly developed over 20 years many companies already have this tolerance so the establishment of the restriction law of packaging waste has basically met the conditions It should be the priority 3 Adopted legislation to prohibit the use of certain packaging materials The relevant government agencies should adopt legislation that prohibiting the use of packaging materials that containing lead mercury tin and other components and that do not reach the required percentage of recycled 4 Establish system of storage and return Develop a number of industry standards providing for daily necessities beverages such as beer mineral water etc which all use reusable packaging materials When consumers buy these goods they should deliver a certain margin to the store and their deposit refunded by the store when they return the container Such a system could be further extended to other reusable packaging materials production and sales such as washing and painting 5 Full use of leverage on tax Tax authorities give duty free low tax benefits or charge higher taxes to the production and use of packaging materials manufacturer based on whether all or part of its product packaging and packaging materials make use of recyclable packaging materials to encourage use of recycled resources 6 Restrict excessive packaging Excessive packaging is excess packaging on the function and the value It is in the form of materials through consumption of too much taking up too much volume decorating with luxurious decoration to the product being packaged Excessive packaging meets parts of consumer s 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 13 blind psychological satisfaction but does not take green factors into consideration It is not only a waste of resources but also pollution to the environment and contrary to the concept of green packaging Country should make legislation to limit excessive packaging from the perspective of environmental protection and consumer protection 7 Establish several of research institutions to assess packaging materials The development of professional research organization for packaging materials is used to assess the various packaging standards and the research system provides two optional recycling channels The first one is that suppliers recall their packaging and the second one is to set up an private and non profit organization dedicated to recycling packaging Suppliers can apply to join and pay certain management fees to become a member Member companies print same recyclable symbol on the packaging Recycled logo printed on the packaging for recycling by the organization 5 2 Firm level For enterprises the development of green logistics is the trend Logistics managers should assess the situation and actively respond to shorten the gap of the green logistics operation and make a further green recycling of logistics processes Green packaging materials Green packaging materials are the recycled materials causing the minimum of burden to the environment and maximum coefficient of utilization in the whole process of the life cycle Green packaging material is the core of green packagings which not only reduce and 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 14 eliminate the environment pollution alleviate the pressure on the ecological environment but also conserve or replace some of the expensive or lack resources in order to reuse waste resources Based On sustainable development strategy environmental performance must be as an important aspect to study when used of packaging materials The strategy of sustainable development must proceeded from considering the material s three elements performance economy and environment including resources energy environmental protection Using green packaging materials is the fundamental way to ensure the sustainable development strategy angle from the material The lower costs of packaging The largest proportion of packaging cost is the packaging material cost so lower costs should start from reducing packaging material cost first And because of this organizations need reasonable packaging materials procurement under the premise of ensuring the basic functions to minimize the grade of material Using common packing that does not have special arrangements for the return of the use With turnover packaging that can be used repeatedly such as drinks beer bottles Repetition utilization is that the packaging turn to another material after the first use by a simple treatment Using simplified packaging and reach appropriate packaging Packaging reduction to reduce packaging waste from source is world idly recognized as the preferred means of packaging green The formation of excessive packaging waste is also a cause unnecessary pollution Package unit large scale and containerization Large scale packaging of logistics system conducive to mechanization process in handling removal 苏州大学本科生毕业设计 论文 15 storage and transportation and speed up the operating speed of these links It helps to reduce the unit packaging and to save packaging materials and packaging cost It also helps to protect the cargo body such as the use of container bags containers pallets and other container means D