人教版英语八年级下册知识点总结.doc

Unit 1 whats the matter?一、 theme（了解）:1) Talk about health and first aid 健康与急救 2）Give advice 提建议二、 知识点P11、Whats the matter with(关于) sbsth?某人或某物怎么了？（询问健康问题或困难，麻烦等）询问问题的其他常用句型：Whats the troubleproblem with sb?Whats wrong with sb? Whats up? (口语)What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事？Is there anything wrong with sb? 2、健康问题的表达：1）havehas +aan+疾病have a coldfevercough (感冒，发烧，咳嗽)2）havehas+aan+身体ache have a stomachachetoothacheheadache(胃疼，牙疼，头疼)3）havehas+aan sore+身体部位have a sore backthroat (背疼，嗓子疼)4）身体部分+hurt head and neck hurt 头和脖子疼（P2）5)sb +hurt+身体部位oneself hurt yourself 伤到你自己（P4）hurt his back伤到他的背(p5)6）cut oneself身体部位cut myself切到自己（P2）7）have a heart problem心脏病have problems breathing 呼吸困难8）get hit 被打 get sunburned被晒伤3、1）foot-feet on foot 步行 tooth-teeth2) She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water.(1) too much, much too和too many: too much 太多，可以修饰动词和不可数名词；much too 太，修饰形容词，much too cold太冷；too many 太多，修饰可数名词复数。（2）enough adv. adj. 足够的（地），充分的（地），enough修饰名词，可前可后，water enough=enough water足够的水；修饰形容词需后置，big enough足够大P24、1）lie down and rest 躺下来休息考点lie 趟，lie-lay-lain-lying考点：休息 rest=takehave a rest=take breaks(a break)2) hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶with介词带有，具有（反without）3）see a dentist 看牙医 4）get an X-ray考点5)take ones temperature 量体温51）What should I do? 考点：should 情态动词，应该，应当，用于询问，提出建议，或表达职责和义务。As a student, you should study hard. (职责，义务)You should lie down and rest. (提建议)2）sound like 听起来像 3）on the weekend 在周末 all weekend 整个周末6、You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要离开电脑休息。考点1）need 实意动词，需要 need+nving(被动)to do sth (需要做某事)I need your help.The trees need watering. (to be watered)树需要浇水了情态动词，need+do sth 考点2）break cn 休息，间歇 take a break=take breaks v 折断，打破7、I sat in the same way for too long without moving .我以同样的姿势一动不动地做了太久。1）in the same way 同样的方式 2）for too long 太久 3）without 没有+nving8、Ifyour head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.考点1）if引导的条件状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。考点2）hurt vi 疼痛3）go to a doctor去看医生=go to see a doctorP33a 9、1)go along沿着考点2）see sb doing sth 看到某人正在干某事（强调动作正在进行），See sb do sth 看到某人做某事（强调动作过程或经常发生）类似用法的感官动词：hearwatchnotice sb doingdo sth3）next to紧挨着，旁边 4）shout for help 呼救10、The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice.公交车司机，24岁的王平，没有多想便停下了车。考点1）24-year-old，复合形容词，数词-名词（单数）-形容词，只作定语，表语用24 years old考点2)without thinking twice 没有再想，毫不犹豫反think twice 11、He got off and asked the woman whathappened?他下车问那位妇女发生了什么事？考点1）get off从、下来 get off the busplanehorseship (较大的交通工具)，反 get on get out of the cartaxi下车反 get into 上车考点2）happen vi 发生，没有被动语态，（1） sth happened+地点、时间某地或某时发生了某事（2） sth happened to sb 某人发生了某事（不好的事）（3） sb happened to do sth 某人恰巧干某事I happened to meet him.12、He expected most or all the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.他希望大部分或全部乘客下去等下一辆公交车。考点1）expect sb to do sth期望某人做某事expect to do sth 期望做某事expect that从句2）wait for sbsth 等待某人、某物 wait for sb to do sth等待某人做某事 wait to do sth 等待做某事13、To his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。考点1）surprise n 惊讶to ones surprise让某人惊讶的是in surprise 惊讶地 v 使惊奇考点2）agree to do sth同意做某事agree with sb 同意某人的观点 agree on sth 就某事达成一致We agreed on the price. 我们就价格达成了一致。14、Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time.多亏王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人。考点1）Thanks to+n. 多亏，=with the help of thanks for 因、而感谢考点2）was saved 被动语态 waswere+动词的过去分词（被动语态的一般过去时）考点3）in time 及时 on time 准时15、1)help others帮助 2）think about 考虑3）hit-hit-hit4)right away立刻，马上=at once 考点5）get into trouble陷入困境，惹麻烦be in trouble困境中 have trouble doing sth做某事有困难P416、1）反身代词：单数：myself, yourself ,himself, herself, itself 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 反身代词的用法：（1） 作主语同位语I made dinner myself. 我自己做的晚饭。（2）作动词的宾语：hurt, cut, enjoy, help, hurt, teach, dress, look after等Did you hurt yourself playing soccer? (现在分词短语作时间状语)2）fall down 摔倒P517、1）Someone felt sick.有人生病了。考点:sick adj. 生病的，有病的，可以做表语和定语，be sickill 生病sick kids 生病的孩子2）tell sb (not) to do sth P618、考点1）have problemstroubledifficulty doing sth做某事有困难（反have no problem doing sth）2）be interested in+ndoing sth 对、感兴趣19、As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks .作为登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。考点1）be used to doing sth习惯做某事used to do sth 过去常常做某事I used to stay up late, but Im used to going to bed early.我过去常常熬夜，但是现在习惯早睡了。考点2）risk cn.危险，风险take a risk=take risks3)one of+cn复数、之一4）because of +nprondoing(短语) 因为、 because+句子20、He found himself in a very dangerous situation.发现自己处在非常危险的境地。考点1）find+sbsth(宾语)+adj.介词短语现在分词（宾补）考点2）in a very dangerous situation处于非常危险的境况3）was caught 被动语态 4）by himself=alone 自己21、He could not free his arm.他无法使胳膊挣脱考点：free v 使自由，释放adj.空闲的，自由的，免费的22、But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.但当他的水喝完时，他知道必须做些什么来自己的生命。考点1）run out和run out of:用尽，耗尽=use up ,run out of人作主语，run out物作主语His water ran out. = He ran out of his water.考点2）save ones life 挽救某人生命23、He was not ready to die that day. 他不想那天就。1）be ready to do sth 准备好做某事2）die v-death(s) n-dead 死的 dying 垂死的3）knife-knives 4)cut off 切除24、With his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he wouldnot lose too much blood. 他用左臂包扎了自己以便不至于失血过多。考点1）so that 以便，为了，=in order that 引导目的状语2）lose too much blood 失血过多25、This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of .这意思是处于一个你似乎没法摆脱的困难之中。考点1）mean v 意思是，打算，意欲mean to do sth 打算做某事meaning n 2)seem to do sth 似乎做某事考点3）get out of 离开，从、出来，（摆脱）26、Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of ones life .阿伦讲述了正确选择和自己掌握命运的重要性。1）tell of 讲述，叙述2）importance un 重要性important adj. 重要的3）decision cn 决定 decide v make a decision to do sth= decide to do sth 决定做某事考点4）be in control of 掌管，管理（反 be out of control）27、考点1）so+adj.+that 如此、以至于引导结果状语从句考点2）keep on doing sth 继续做某事P6 28、1）mind doing sth 介意做某事2）give up (doing sth) 放弃Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、theme（了解）topic: Volunteering and offer help ,志愿服务，提供帮助1）clean up the city parksstreet 2) give out food at the food bank3)Visit the sick kids; teach kids 4) Work in an old peoples home (2d)5) Volunteerat animal hospital; after-school reading program (3a)6)give money 捐钱（2b）二、语法：动词不定式和动词短语一）动词不定式1、结构：to+动词原形或不带to2、特点：在句中除了不能作谓语，其他均可。3、句法功能：1）主语：常用it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语It is important to keepfit. =To keep fit is important.2)宾语：（1）直接宾语：想，喜欢，希望:want, like, love, would like, hope,expect; 决定同意开始学习：decide, choose, agree-refuse, begin, start, learn; forget-remember, 需要计划：need, plan.Ill help to clean up the city parks。（宾语）(2)宾补：tell,ask,advise,want,wish,allow,order，teach等She asked me to say sorry. 她让我道歉。（3）用it作形式宾语：I thinkfind、+it+adj.+to do sthI find it hard to learn English.3)表语：My dream is to become a scientist.,4)定义：I have something to eat.我有些吃的东西。5）状语4、否定：not+to do 5、疑问词（what,who,which, where,whenhow,）+to do 作宾语I dont know what to say. 我不知道说什么。6、不带to的不定式：1）had better最好2）why not, why dont you为什么不3）使役动词let, have和make4)感官动词feel,see,watch,notice,hear.二）动词短语：结构1）动词+副词（away, back, in, out, off, up, down，over等），宾语为代词时，代词放中间。Clean up 2)动词+介词（for, about, of, after, from, to, with, at, with等）care for 3)动词+副词+介词come up with 4)动词+名词：take risks5)动词+名词+介词：take care of P91、考点1）clean up 打扫干净考点2）volunteer n 志愿者，义工； v 志愿做，义务做volunteer to do sth 义务做某事考点3）help (sb to) do sth=help (sb) with sth帮助（某人）做某事2、The girl could visit the sickkids in the hospital to cheer them up.1)could 可以，委婉地提建议2）sick kids 生病的孩子（sick作定语）3）to cheer them up, 动词不定式作目的状语，考点：cheer up 使高兴（代词放中间）4）give out分发（=hand out）,散发P103、1）come up with想出，提出（plan, idea）=think up2)put off+ doing sth 推迟做某事3）put up张贴，搭建4）notice cn 通知,布告make some notices un 注意v 注意notice sb do(做，强调过程)doing( 正在做) sthI noticed him enter the room. 我注意到他进了房间。I noticed his hand shaking.我注意到他的手正在抖。1） hand out分发 6）call up打电话，召集 7）ask sb to do sth 4、1）make a plan to do sth=plan to do sth 计划做某事2）help (sb) out with (sth) 帮助（某人）做某事（摆脱困境）3）used to do sth 过去常常做某事否定didnt use to do 5、lonely和alone: lonely adj.孤独的，寂寞的；alone 独自的（地） adj. adv,He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.6、listen to them and care for them1)动词+介词 2）care for 照顾=take care of, look after，非常喜欢care about 关心，在意P117、1）give up+ n.doing放弃2）each ,every: each 形容词，每个的代词每个 each(代词) of my eyes Every adj. 每个的every one of my fingers固定搭配：not every 并非每个each other 互相3）help others 帮助别人8、I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 但是我想更多了解如何照顾动物。1）want to do sth 2)learn about 了解，知道，考点3）how(疑问词)+to do 作宾语9、I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. 当我看到动物们变好和他们主人脸上喜悦的表情，我产生那么一种极强的满足感。1）get 实意动词，得到，产生；系动词，变得 get better考点2)such+aan+形容词+cn单数=so+形容词+aan+cn单数so strong a feeling Such+形容词+cn复数un 3)feeling cn 感觉4）satisfaction n 满足 satisfy v 满足5）joy n enjoy v enjoyable adj.6)owner n 主人（所有者）own v 拥有 adj. 自己的7）see sbsth do sth 看到某人、某物正在做某事10、she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.她决定参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者选拔。1）decide to =do sth决定某事= make an decision to do sth 考点2）try out for选拔，尝试3）learn to do sth 学习做某事4）go on a journey=take a journey 去旅行11、Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.1)现在分词短语作主语，谓语单数。2）come true 实现，主语通常是愿望，梦想等。12、I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.1)what引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序。2）love to do sth 3)at the same time 同时P1212、1）be busy with sth 忙于某事 at least 至少2）try to do sth 努力做某事，试图做某事3）homeless adj. 无家可归的n+less=adj. hopeless useless 4）be worried about sth 担心某事=worry about 13、few, a few, little, a little:可数名词：few(否定 )，a few(肯定)；不可数名词：little(否定)，a little(肯定)14、考点1）raise v 筹集，募集 raise money筹钱举起，抬起 raise your head 2）stop doing sth 停止做某事stop to do sth 停下来去做某事3）one of +cn.(pl)、之一P1314、1）take after 像（外貌、性格等方面）=be similar to 2) fixup 修理3）give away捐赠P1415、1）would like to do sth 考点2)set up 建立，设立（组织，团体等）3）disabled adj. 残疾的，丧失能力的able adj. （有能力的-disable v 使丧失能力-disabled adj.16、You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.考点：make it (for sb) to do sth 使某人做某事、，it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。17、1）Luckymakes a big difference to my life.Lucky对我的生活产生了很大的影响。考点：make a difference to 对、产生影响2） let sb do sth 让某人做某事3）blind adj.瞎的 deaf adj. 聋的the blinddeaf 瞎子，聋子 the+adj. 表示一类人18、1）imagine v 想象，设想imagine doing sth 想象做某事imagination n 2）think about 考虑3）difficulty un 困难have difficulty(in) doing sth做某事有困难cn 难题，难事 difficult adj.4)open v 打开 adj. 开着的（反closed）keep the window openclosed 5）a friend of mine= one of my friends 19、1）train n 火车 v 训练，培训 training n 培训2）be excited about 对、感到兴奋3）kindness n 善良形容词+ness=名词illness happiness 4)thank sb for doing sth 因某事而感谢某人20、be good at=be strong in=do well in 善于做某事21、The ideas that he came up with worked out fine. 他想出的这些主意很有效。考点：work out 成功地发展，解决，计算出Work out finewell 奏效Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一、theme(了解)：chores 做家务二、Grammar: permission许可：发出请求和请求允许的句型1、Could you (please)+动词原形+、？请你、好吗？发出请求1）肯定回答：Yes, I can. Yes, sure. No problem.2)否定回答：Sorry, I cant. Im afraid I cant.2、Could I +动词原形+、？我可以、吗？请求允许1）肯定回答：Yes, you can. Yes, please.2)否定回答：Sorry, you cant. Im afraidyou cant.考点：以could开头的表示礼貌地发出请求或请求允许的疑问句，简略回答不能用couldcouldnt,要用cancant.三、知识点P171、考点1)take out the rubbish丢垃圾take out把、带出去，取出，动词+副词，代词放中间，take it outrubbish un 垃圾 throw the rubbish扔垃圾2）do the dishes刷盘子 fold your clothes 叠衣服sweep the floor扫地make your bed整理床铺Clean your living room打扫起居室3）do the chores（cn）=do housework做家务P182、1）stay out late在外面待到很晚2）get a ride 搭便车 3）need to do sth 需要做某事（need实义动词）need do sth(情态动词)4）have to do sth 不得不做某事3、1）help (sb) out with sth帮助（某人）做某事（常指帮助某人摆脱困境）2）at least至少3）finish doing sth做完某事4、1）Two hours of TV isenough for you. 短语（名词短语、现在分词短语、不定式短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数。2）any minute now 随时5、she wont be happy if she sees this mess.1）当主句是一般将来时，条件状语从句和时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。2）mess cn 杂乱in a mess ; messy adj. 杂乱的3)clean and tidy 干净整洁的P196、1)throw down 扔下 throw-threw-thrown 扔，掷2) The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. 我一坐到电视剧前面，我妈妈就过来了。（1）the minute一、就=as soon as =the moment 引导时间状语从句(主将从现)（2）in front of和in the front of: in front of 在、前面（范围外）；in the front of 在、前部（范围内）（3）come over 过来，顺便拜访7、1）take a dog for a walk 遛狗2）生气：anger（n）-angry(adj.)-angrily(adv.)3)all the time总是，一直； all day整天； all evening 整夜8、Im just as tired as you are.=You are tired, but I am tired, too. 我和你一样累。as+adj或adv.原级+as: 和、一样，否定结构：not asas+adj或adv.原级+as: 不如9、she did not do any housework and neither did I. 她没做任何家务，我也没做。Neither 两者都不1） neither+系动助动情动+主语=宾语+neither:neither did I=Me neither, 也不（前面的否定情况也适合后者），反义词so+系动助动情动+主语（主格）=宾语+too: so did I=me too2） neither of+cn(pl):作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数，但是口语常用复数。Neither of the answers is right, 两个答案都不对。3）neither nor 都不，连接两个并列的主语，谓语动词就近原则。Neither my mom norIlike red. = Neither I nor my momlikes red.10、1）in surprise惊讶地 to ones surprise 让某人惊讶的是、2）show n 节目 v 展示，说明P2011、1）hang out闲逛2）pass sb sth=pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人3）Could I borrow that book? Could you lend me some money?(1)borrow、lend和keep: borrow借入， borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借某物；lend借出，lend sth to sb=lend sb sth 借某物给某人；borrow和lend为非延续性动词，借多久用keep.12、1)hate to do sth=hate doing sth 讨厌做某事2）Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 当你帮我洗餐具的时候，我将完成作业。While 连词，当、的时候，引导时间状语从句，谓语动词必须用延续性的；主将从现。P2113、1）drink cn 饮料snack cn 点心，小吃2）invite sb to+地点、活动：邀请某人去某地或参加某活动Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事P2214、1）makelet sb do sth让某人做某事2）have time to do sth 有时间做某事3）Housework is waste of their time.Waste cn 浪费 a waste of 浪费、a waste of timemoneywaterfood浪费时间、钱、水、食物V waste timemoney on sth=waste timemoney(in) doing sth 浪费时间、金钱做某事15、They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得好的成绩，并进入好的大学，他们应该把时间用在学业上。1）花费：spend, pay, cost, and takeSpend:sb spend timemoney on sth doing sth某人花费时间、金钱做某事Pay: sbpay somemoneyfor sth 某人付钱买某物Cost: sth cost (sb) some money某物花费某人多少钱Take:it takes sb some timeto do sth 做某事话费多少时间Spend时间和金钱；pay, cost金钱；take时间2）in order to +do(短语)为了，目的是=in order that+从句，否定：in order not to 16、when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now.当他们长大后，他们将不得不做家务，所以他们现在没有必要做家务。1）get older 长大 do housework 做家务2）there is no need for sb to do sth 对某人来说没有必要做某事（need un 必要）17、Its parents job to provide a clean and comfortableenvironment at home for their children. 在家里给孩子提供一个干净而舒适的环境是父母职责。1）it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to provide2)provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth为某人提供某物18、1)doing chores is not so difficult. 现在分词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。2）mind doing sth介意做某事19、I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores. 我认为对孩子们来说学习如何做家务是很重要的。1）it is +adj. +（for sb） to do sth （对某人来说）做某事是、的，it形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。2）how(疑问词)+to do 作宾语20、Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子太依赖父母。1）these days 现在的2）depend on依赖，取决于3）too much修饰动词21、Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves.做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性和教他们如何照顾自己。1）develop childrens independence 培养孩子的独立性Develop v 培养，发展；development un 发展；developing adj. 发展中的；developed adj. 发达的Independence un 独立-independent adj. 独立的2）teach sb how to do sth教某人如何做某事3）look after=take care of =care for照顾22、Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 既然他们和父母住在同一屋檐下，他们就应该知道每个人应该尽自己的职责来保持房子的干净整洁。1） since 连词，既然，由于，因为2） do ones part in doing sth尽自己的职责做某事3） keep clean and tidy保持干净整洁23、1）he had no idea how to take care of himself, 他不知道如何照顾自己Have no idea=dont know 不知道2）as a result结果 3）fall ill生病 4）drop 下降 dropped 24、The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future .孩子越早学会独立，对他们的将来越好。The earlier, the better 越早越好the+adj.比较级，the+adj.比较级：越、越Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?一， Topic(话题):1、talk about problems 谈论问题communication problems(交际问题)：1） From family: Parents: dont allow you to hang out with your friends, fight a lot, push you too hard (父母不允许你和朋友闲逛，父母经常吵架，管你太严)Sister or brother: look through your things, borrow your things without asking, not nice to you,(兄弟姐妹随便拿你的)东西，翻你的东西，对你不友好等）2） From school: have too much homework and too many after-school classes, have to compete with your classmates, have a fight with your best friend 1、 Give advice 给出建议（给建议的方法）1） should 应该，应当，提出建议，表示义务和职责As a student, you should study hard.You shouldnt be late for class. 2)could 可以，表示委婉客气地提建议You could ask me for help. You couldnt shout at your parents.3)Why dont you(they ,we) +do=Why not +do(动词原形)为什么不，提建议Why dont you talk to your parents? = Why not talk to your parents?其他提意见的句型（了解）Whathow about +doing sth？做某事怎么样？Shall we +do sth 让我们做某事好吗？Lets +do sth 让我们做某事吧Would you mind +doing sth 你介意做某事吗？You had better (not) +do sth 你最好（不）做某事Youd better not be late for class.二、知识点（重点）P25 1、too much, much too, too many的区别1）too much太多，修饰不可数名称或动词（修饰动词时放在后面）;too many太多，修饰可数名词复数。I have too much homework and I have to study too much.I have too many after-school classes.2) much too 太，修饰形容词 Its much too cold today.2、enough 1)足够的，形容词，修饰名词，可以放在名词前面也可以放在名词后面I dont get enough sleep. = I dont get sleep enough.2)足够地，用作副同，充当形容词或副词修饰语，但必须后置。I am old enough to care for myself.2、My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.allow vt 允许，准许考点： allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事（被动 sb be allowed to do sth）反义词组 stop sb from ding sth 阻止某人做某事Allow doing sth =sth be allowed 允许某事The teacher doesnt allow co