湖南省娄底市2018_2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）.docx

湖南省娄底市2018-2019学年第二学期高一年级期末考试英语试题考生注意：1. 本试卷共150分。考试时间120分钟。2. 请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1. What does the woman want the man to do first?A. Fix the shelf. B. Paint the car. C. Look for his key.2. What is the man probably doing?A. Writing a story. B. Telling a joke. C. Watching a movie.3. How does the woman feel about Tom?A. He gets nervous very easily.B. He is not used to making a speech.C. He is extremely good at making a speech.4. Why was the woman so late?A. She didnt catch the bus.B. She took somebody to hospital.C. Something went wrong with the bus.5. What does the man mean?A. He preferred to go to the basketball game.B. He didnt like to go to the basketball game.C. He enjoyed watching the football game on TV.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What happened to Lucy today at school?A Maria had a quarrel with her.B. Maria asked her for help in the exam.C. Maria wanted to copy her homework.7. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates. B. Mother and son. C. Father and daughter.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What is the woman?A. An interviewer. B. A shopkeeper. C. A waitress.9. Whats the womans attitude to the man in the end?A. Satisfied. B. Admired. C. Unsatisfied.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. How did Mr Lam help the man?A. By helping him with his study.B. By offering him a part-time job.C. By lending him some pocket money.11. When does the man work part-time?A. On Friday. B. On the weekdays. C. At the weekends.12. What does the man think of the club?A. It is expensive. B. It is fantastic. C. It is useless.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What was the woman about to do before answering the phone?A. Get up. B. Go to bed. C. Meet the man.14. What kind of transportation will the man take to Disney World?A. A taxi. B. A bus. C. A car.15. Where will the man meet the woman?A. At Disney World.B. At Orlando Airport.C. At the Kennedy Space Center.16. Why does the man want to go to Panhandle?A. To relax on the beach.B. To meet some new friends.C. To go shopping.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. How old should the volunteers be?A. From 12 to 16. B. From 12 to 60. C. Over 60.18. What can volunteers do for the hospitals?A Show people the way. B. Help the doctors. C. Take care of children.19. What is the most suitable volunteer job for a gardener?A. Selling flowers and trees.B. Teaching people how to look after plants.C Looking after homeless dogs and cats in the garden.20. How can people get in touch with the organization?A. By making a call.B. By sending an e-mail.C. By visiting its website.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AStories of Animals Acting Just Like HumansMonkeys do mathIf monkeys manage the world, we might have stayed away from the recent banking hardship. In an experiment led by Keith Chen at Yale, monkeys showed an understanding of pricing and planning the money, as well as a wish to stay away from losses when required to buy food with money. Makes sense this one looks like its checking its stocks (股票) on a smart phone. Think thats impressive?Camel eats breakfast with peopleThe first time Joe ate with British farmers, he was uninvited. The four-year-old Bactrian camel stuck his head through their open kitchen window, and emptied a fruit bowl. Now the couple, who rent out reindeer, camels, goats, and other creatures for television shows, movies, and photo shoots, set a place at their table for the confident double-humped creature, where Joe eats grain food and his favorite: bananas on toast.Marmots (土拨鼠) befriend a boyA group of marmots in the Austrian Alps has made friends with eight-year-old Matteo Walch by chance, whose family vacations there in summer. Typically, they beat their tails, chatter, and whistle to warn other marmots of danger, but with Matteo, they behave much differently, allowing the boy to feed, pet, and even touch noses with them. “Watching them makes me feel a connection with nature,” says Matteo. How sweet!1. In what way do monkeys behave like humans according to the text?A. In character.B. In intelligence.C. In communication.D. In the way of lifestyle.2. Why do the British couple raise the animals?A. To make money.B. To have dinners with them.C. To protect endangered animals.D. To train them to act as humans.3. Why did Matteo Walch go to the Austrian Alps?A. To warn marmots of danger.B. To develop interest in nature.C. To make friends with marmots.D. To go on a holiday with his family.【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了几个动物和人类行为相似的故事。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据Monkeys do math部分的monkeys showed an understanding of pricing and planning the money, as well as a wish to stay away from losses when required to buy food with money（猴子们表现出了对定价和理财的理解，以及在需要用钱购买食物时避免损失的愿望）可推知，猴子在智力上表现得像人类。故B选项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Camel eats breakfast with people部分的Now the couple, who rent out reindeer, camels, goats, and other creatures for television shows, movies, and photo shoots（现在，这对夫妇把驯鹿、骆驼、山羊和其它动物出租出去用于电视节目、电影和摄影）可知，这对英国夫妇养这些动物是为了赚钱。故A选项正确。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Marmots (土拨鼠) befriend a boy部分的A group of marmots in the Austrian Alps has made friends with eight-year-old Matteo Walch by chance, whose family vacations there in summer.（奥地利阿尔卑斯山上的一群土拨鼠偶然结识了8岁的马泰奥瓦尔奇，瓦尔奇一家夏天都在那里度假）可推知，马泰奥瓦尔奇去奥地利阿尔卑斯山是和家人一起去度假的。故D选项正确。【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文第3小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干Why did Matteo Walch go to the Austrian Alps?其关键词是Matteo Walch，从而直接定位到Marmots (土拨鼠) befriend a boy部分的A group of marmots in the Austrian Alps has made friends with eight-year-old Matteo Walch by chance, whose family vacations there in summer.（奥地利阿尔卑斯山上的一群土拨鼠偶然结识了8岁的马泰奥瓦尔奇，瓦尔奇一家夏天都在那里度假）可推知，马泰奥瓦尔奇去奥地利阿尔卑斯山是和家人一起去度假的。故D选项正确。BToday, after 10 days of medical treatment, for the first time, I went out alone to meet a motherly lady who I had met during my stay in a program. She had been unwell recently and lived alone. Her sons live in foreign countries.After I called her and told about my plan to visit her, she started becoming excited and planning food at once. Nowadays, she has a lady cook coming by to help her but she does part of the work herself with her bandaged (绷带) leg.I reached her home alone after being guided a couple of times by her before. I carried little things (snacks, books etc.) for her. She had been waiting for some time when I arrived. We talked about different things from health to her life and mine, from past to future, from food to travel etc. During the discussion, her care for me became clear when she made warm suggestions or supported me.During the last few months, she had struggled with health and housework. She had got over those difficulties and here she was telling me how all of us must face some problems. She had seen a few people facing worse problems in the hospital and mentioned about their cases and was grateful for her present condition which was manageable.She wanted to gift me somethingshe kept thinking of a dress, watch, footwear etc. whatever was new and great in her home. I kept refusing but finally took the footwear out of politeness.She loved the snacks I had brought and wanted to eat them with her tea, I was quite happy to see the childlike interest.While I was spending time with my motherly friend, the following thought kept coming back to meprobably this is why I have lived through the 10 days in this city. The time I spent with her seemed so much needed. I felt the deep peace it could bring to me and that brought such a big joy!4. How did the elderly lady feel when she heard the authors visit?A. Shocked.B. Pleased.C. Nervous.D. Embarrassed.5. What can we learn about the lady from her talks with the author?A. She was considerate and very healthy.B. She wished the author lo live with her.C. She showed much concern to her bandaged leg.D. She was grateful compared with those less fortunate.6. Why did the author accept the ladys gift?A. It is impolite to turn down the warm-hearted offer.B. She happened to need such shoes to wearC. It would be a waste to keep shoes unused.D. She wanted to exchange gifts with her.7. How did the time spent with the lady benefit the author?A. It enabled the author to live in the city so long.B. It gave the author a lot of advice on a better life.C. It helped the author to keep a peaceful mind.D. It helped the author stay away from loneliness in life.【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C【解析】本文为记叙文。在接受了10天的治疗后，作者第一次独自出去会见了一位慈母般的女士，她是作者在一个项目中遇到的。作者和她在一起的时间似乎很有必要。作者感受到了它能带给自己的深深的宁静和巨大的快乐!【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的After I called her and told about my plan to visit her, she started becoming excited and planning food at once.（我打电话给她，告诉她我要去看她的计划后，她开始变得兴奋起来，马上开始准备吃的）可知，那位老太太听到作者要来探望它后感到很高兴。故B选项正确。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的She had seen a few people facing worse problems in the hospital and mentioned about their cases and was grateful for her present condition which was manageable.（她看到一些人在医院里面临着更严重的问题，并提到了他们的情况，她很感激自己目前的状况是可控的）可知，与那些不幸的人相比，她心怀感激。故D选项正确。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的I kept refusing but finally took the footwear out of politeness.（我一直拒绝，但最后还是出于礼貌把鞋子拿走了）可知，作者最终接受了老太太的礼物，是因为拒绝热心的礼物是不礼貌的。故A选项正确。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The time I spent with her seemed so much needed. I felt the deep peace it could bring to me and that brought such a big joy! （我和她在一起的时间似乎是那么的需要。我感到它能给我带来深深的平静，这给我带来了如此大的快乐!）可知，和那位女士在一起的时间使作者能保持了一种平和、快乐的心态。故C选项正确。CA study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process (衰老过程). Researchers say that getting older should not necessarily mean becoming more weak or sick. Their research shows that a devotion to a life of movement and exercise may help us live not only longer, but also healthier.For their study, the researchers looked at two groups. The first group was made up of 125 non-professional cyclists between the ages of 55 to 79. This group included 84 healthy men and 41 healthy women. We will call this group the “cyclists”.Researchers then found 130 people to make up a second group. Within this group, 75 people were aged from 57 to 80. The other 55 were between the ages of 20 and 36. The people in this group were also healthy, but they did not exercise regularly. We will call this group the “non-exercisers”. Smokers, heavy drinkers of alcohol and people with other health issues were not included in the study.Then, researchers gave both groups a series of tests. They tested their muscle mass (肌肉质量), muscular strength, percentage of body fat and the strength of their immune (免疫的) systems. Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process. For example, they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength. Also, their body fat did not increase with age.The researchers also found something they had not expected. The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not age either.The researchers advise us all to find an exercise that we like in our lives.8. How did the researchers carry out the study?A. By comparing.B. By discussing.C. By imagining.D. By reasoning.9. Which of the following is a result of the research?A. The cyclists kept a thin body shape.B. The non-exercisers gained weight easily.C. The cyclists muscles remained strong with age.D. The non-exercisers usually had health problems.10. Which is an unexpected result for the researchers?A. The cyclists had normal aging process.B. The cyclists immune systems didnt age.C. The cyclists lost nearly all their fat.D. Everyone needed an exercise in their lives.11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Healthy People Need More ExerciseB. Take an Exercise, the Harder, the BetterC. Cycling Is the Best Way to Prevent AgingD. A Lifetime of Exercise Slows Aging Process【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现终身规律锻炼或运动可减缓衰老进程。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二、三、四段对研究过程的描述及第四段中的Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.（然后研究人员比较了两组的结果）可知，研究人员通过比较来进行研究。故A选项正确。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually regarded as a normal aging process. For example, they did not lose muscle mass or muscular strength.（结果显示，骑自行车的人并没有经历通常被认为是正常老化过程中的身体变化。例如，他们没有失去肌肉质量或肌肉力量）可知，随着年龄的增长，骑自行车的人的肌肉依然保持强健。故C选项正确。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not age either.（研究表明，骑自行车的人的免疫系统也没有老化）可知，骑自行车的人的免疫系统没有老化。故B选项正确。【11题详解】标题判断题。根据第一段中的A study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process (衰老过程).（一项研究发现，终生有规律的运动和活动可以减缓衰老过程）及下文对这项研究的描述可知，D项“一生的锻炼可以减缓衰老的过程”适合做本文最佳标题。故D选项正确。DA study showed that fat was socially catching among friends. People were actually making one another gain and, sometimes, lose weight. The finding has been proved in other populations. So how does friends body weight affect each other? One way is imitation (模仿). Brain scans show that when you watch someone else eat or run, your brain activity is the same as if you were eating or running yourself, causing you to do the same things.People in experiments seated next to heavy eaters would eat more than those seated next to light eaters. Social examples also play a role: If your friend gains weight, you might become less willing to go to the gym because your friends example showed you that weight gain isnt the end of the world. Shes heavier but still the same person you know and love. And now that 66 percent of the American population is overweight, thats a pretty well-fixed social example.Happily, this effect could be turned up side down if people worked to create an opposite social exampleweight loss can affect each other just as easily as weight gain if you form the fat-fighting habits, starting a running club including friends of friends so that youre making close friends with more exercisers. You can also make healthier food choices and eat with greater self-control. If you give up the fries and eat more vegetables, your friends are more likely to make the same choices.If youre thinking those sound like a lot of work maybe it would just be easier to ditch friends who gain weight to stop them from affecting you. People who kept away from a fat friend didnt lose weight, possibly because the cost of losing a friend stopped weight-loss efforts.12. What will people in the experiments do if they eat with heavy eaters?A. Hate them.B. Leave them.C. Follow them.D. Lose weight.13. How might people respond to their fat friends according to the text?A. Go to the gym with them often.B. Think nothing of becoming fat.C. Warn them the danger.D. Like them better.14. What can you do to make good use of the discovery?A. Set a good example for your friends.B. Make up your mind to make more friends.C. Set up health club as a business.D. Drink more water.15. What does the underlined word “ditch” in the last paragraph mean?A. Depend on.B. Relieve in.C. Watch over.D. Give up.【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。一项研究表明，肥胖会在朋友间传染。人们实际上是在互相增重，有时还在减肥。这一发现已在其他人群中得到证实。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的People in experiments seated next to heavy eaters would eat more than those seated next to light eaters.（在实验中，坐在重食者旁边的人会比坐在轻食者旁边的人吃得更多）可推知，在实验中，如果人们和食量大的人一起吃饭，他们也会跟着吃。故C选项正确。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的If your friend gains weight, you might become less willing to go to the gym because your friends example showed you that weight gain isnt the end of the world. Shes heavier but still the same person you know and love.（如果你的朋友体重增加了，你可能就不太愿意去健身房了，因为你朋友的榜样告诉你，体重增加并不是世界末日。她更胖了，但仍然是你认识和爱的那个人）可知，对于长胖了的朋友，人们认为变胖没有什么大不了的。故B选项正确。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的If you give up the fries and eat more vegetables, your friends are more likely to make the same choices.（如果你放弃薯条而多吃蔬菜，你的朋友更有可能做出同样的选择）可知，根据这项发现，你可以为你的朋友树立一个好榜样。故A选项正确。【15题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的People who kept away from a fat friend didnt lose weight, possibly because the cost of losing a friend stopped weight-loss efforts.（远离肥胖朋友的人并没有减肥，可能是因为失去朋友的代价让减肥的努力停止了）可知，划线词所在句句意为“如果你认为这些听起来需要做很多工作，那么也许甩掉那些体重增加的朋友会更容易些，这样他们就不会影响你了。” 由此可知，划线词ditch意为“甩掉，丢弃”。A. Depend on依靠；B. Relieve in缓解；C. Watch over监视；D. Give up放弃。故D选项正确。【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第4小题中，考生可以根据该划线词所在的上下文语境来推测其指代对象。根据下一句People who kept away from a fat friend didnt lose weight, possibly because the cost of losing a friend stopped weight-loss efforts.（远离肥胖朋友的人并没有减肥，可能是因为失去朋友的代价让减肥的努力停止了）可知，划线词所在句句意为“如果你认为这些听起来需要做很多工作，那么也许甩掉那些体重增加的朋友会更容易些，这样他们就不会影响你了。” 由此可知，划线词ditch意为“甩掉，丢弃”。A. Depend on依靠；B. Relieve in缓解；C. Watch over监视；D. Give up放弃。故D选项正确。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Recent scientific studies have only underlined the importance of good sleep. But just what can a woman (or man) do to get a good nights rest? _16_.Silky (丝滑) SmoothFor silky smooth skin, buy some silky smooth cloth without wrinkling (起皱)！ _17_. Silk wont leave impressions on the face, those kind of strange marks that can appear anywhere on the body a