英语专业大学三年级精读单词解释.doc

1. sodden / sdn; sdn/ adj soaked through; very wet 浸透的; 湿透的: My shoes are sodden from walking in the rain. 我在雨里这麽一跑, 鞋全湿了. (in compounds 用以构成复合词): drink-sodden, ie stupid through drinking too much alcohol 因酗酒而痴呆的.2. irritably iritbli adv. 易生气地 And the rain-thats enough to make anyone jumpy, he continued irritably.“还有这雨,谁都觉得受不了啦。”他没好气地继续说。 - 英汉-辞典例句 Dr. McEwan fretted irritably as he withdrew the otoscope from old Rudys ear.麦克文又愤怒,又烦躁地把耳镜从老鲁迪的耳朵抽出来。 - 英汉-辞典例句 Maybe Ill learn about babies sometime, she thought irritably, as the carriage jolted and swayed out of the morass surrounding the station, but Im never going to like fooling with them.过些时候也许我会摸准小毛头的脾气,她烦燥地想着,同时马车已颠簸摇晃着驶出了车站周围的烂泥地,不过,我永远也不会喜欢逗他们玩。 - 飘（部分）-piao083. condemned kndemd adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的动词condemn的过去式和过去分词例句:The condemned man listened to his sentence without batting an eyelid. 那被定罪的人木无表情地听著对他的宣判。Many contemporary writers condemned the emperors actions. 当时的许多作家都谴责该皇帝的行径。We condemned him for his bad conduct. 我们责备他行为不检点。4. set out setautvt. 规划, 展现, 开始vi. 出发例句:They set out on the last stage of their journey. 他们开始了旅行的最後一程。She set out the reasons for her resignation in a long letter. 她在一封长信里阐明了辞职原因。She set out the pieces on the chess-board. 她把国际象棋的棋子摆在棋盘上了。5. plank / plk; plk/ n long flat piece of sawn timber, 50-150mm thick and at least 200mm wide, used for making floors, etc 木板（厚50-150毫米, 宽至少200毫米, 用以铺地面等）. (esp politics 尤用於政治) any of the main principles of the policy or programme of a political party （政党的）政策或政纲的准则: the main planks of their disarmament platform 他们的裁军政纲准则. (idm 习语) thick as two planks = thick. walk the plank = walk1. plank v (phr v) plank sth down (infml 口) (a) put (sth) down heavily 重重地放下（某物）: plank down ones luggage 重重地放下行李. (b) pay (money) at once 立即付（钱）. Cf 参看 plonk1 v.planking n U planks used esp to make a floor; structure made of planks 板材; （尤指）地板: Are you going to cover the planking with carpet? 你打算在地板上铺地毯吗?6. magistrate / mdstret; mdstret/ n official who acts as a judge in the lowest courts; Justice of the Peace 地方法官; 治安官: The Magistrates Courts 地方法院 * come up before the magistrate 在地方法院出庭. magistracy / mdstrs; mdstrs/ n C position of a magistrate 地方法官或治安官的职位. the magistracy Gp magistrates as a group 地方法官团; 治安官团: Hes been elected to the magistracy. 他已选进地方法官团.7. squat 1 1 / skwt; skwt/ v (-tt-) I, Ipr, Ip (down) (a) (of people) sit on ones heels or on the ground with the knees drawn up under or close to the body; crouch （指人）蹲, 收膝而坐, 伏下身子: The old man squatted (down) by the fire. 老人蹲在炉火旁. =illus at kneel 见kneel插图. (b) (of animals) crouch with the body closeto the ground （指动物）伏在地上. (c) (infml 口 esp Brit) sit 坐: Can you find somewhere to squat? 你找个地方坐下好吗? I occupy an empty building or settle on un-occupied land, etc without permission 擅自占用空建筑; 擅自在空地上安家: homeless people squatting in a derelict house 擅自居住在破败的空屋里的无家可归的人. squat n 1 sing squatting position 蹲; 收膝而坐. 2 C building occupied by squatters (squatter 2) 被擅自占用的建筑物: living in a squat 住在私占的屋子里.squatter n 1 person who sits in a squatting position 蹲着的人. person who occupies a building or land without permission 擅自占用房屋或土地的人: claim squatters rights 要求获得擅自占房者应得的权利. (Austral 澳) sheep-farmer 牧羊场主.squat 2 / skwt; skwt/ adj (-tter, -ttest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) short and thick; dumpy 矮胖的; 矮墩墩的: a squat man 矮胖的男子 * a squat teapot 扁而粗的茶壶.8. clumsily klmzili adv. 笨拙地 He spoke so naively and clumsily that I could see the bare bone of his holy plot.他讲话的口气十分天真,笨拙,我都看出了他那神圣计策中的无法遮掩的骨架。 - 英汉-辞典例句 Pulling a dirty rag from his breeches pocket, he rubbed it clumsily over her face, then pinched her nose between its folds.他从裤袋里摸出一块肮脏的破布,笨拙地擦着她的脸,然后将破布摺起来捏住她的鼻子。 - 英汉-辞典例句9. drape / drep; drep/ v (a) Tn.pr sth round/over sth hang (cloth, curtains, a cloak, etc) loosely on sth 将（衣物 帘 幕 斗篷等）悬挂, 披: a fur coat draped round her shoulders 披在她肩上的皮大衣 * Dust-sheets were draped over the furniture. 家具上盖着防尘布. (b) Tn, Tn.pr sb/sth (in/with sth) cover or decorate sb/sth (with cloth, etc) （用布等）遮盖或装饰某人某事物: Dracula appeared, draped in a huge cloak. 吸血鬼披着一件大斗篷走了出来. * walls draped with tapestries 饰有挂毯的墙壁. Tn.pr sth round/over sth allow sth to rest loosely on sth 将某物随便围在或放在另一物上: She draped her arms around his neck. 她伸开双臂轻轻地搂着他的脖子. drape n 1 sing way in which a curtain, dress, etc hangs （帘 幕 衣 裙等）悬挂状. 10. scalp / sklp; sklp/ n skin of the head excluding the face 头皮（头顶及其周围的皮肤）: dandruff flaking off ones scalp 从头皮上脱落下的头皮屑. this and the hair rooted in it, formerly cut off a dead enemy as a trophy by some N American Indians 带发头皮（旧时北美印第安人取自敌人头颅作为战利品的）: (fig 比喻) be after sbs scalp, ie want to punish, take revenge on sb, etc 想整治某人（惩罚 报复等）. scalp v Tn take the scalp(2) from (an enemy) 剥（敌人）的头皮: (joc 谑) Youve just about scalped me! ie cut my hair very short. 你把我的头发剪得真短!11. puny / pjun; pjun/ adj (-ier, -iest) (usu derog 通常作贬义) (a) small, weak and underdeveloped 弱小的; 发育不良的; 未充分发展的: puny limbs, muscles, stature 细弱的肢体 不发达的肌肉 瘦小的身材 * What a puny little creature! 多麽瘦小哇! (b) feeble or pathetic 虚弱的; 可怜的: They laughed at my puny efforts at rock-climbing. 他们取笑我在攀岩活动中的那种可怜劲儿.12. wisp / wsp; wsp/ n (of sth) (a) small separate bunch, bundle or twist (of sth) （某物的）小束, 小捆, 小绺, 小缕: a wisp of hair/hay/straw/grass 一束头发乾草/稻草/青草. (b) small streak or ribbon 小的条或带: a wisp of smoke 一缕烟. small thin person 瘦小的人: a wisp of a girl 瘦小的女孩儿. wispy adj (-ier, -iest) like a wisp or in wisps; slight or straggly 似一束的; 成捆的; 稀疏的: wispy hair, clouds 成缕的头发 云彩 * a wispy white beard 一绺白胡子.13. warder / wd(r); wrd/ n (fem 阴性作 wardress/ wdrs; wrdrs/) (Brit) person who works as a guard in a prison; jailer （监狱的）看守人.14. gallows / gluz; loz/ (also the gallows) n (pl unchanged; usu sing with sing v 复数不变, 通常作单数,与单数动词连用) wooden framework on which criminals are put to death by hanging 绞架: to send a man to the gallows, ie condemn him to death 把一男子送上绞架（处死）.# gallows humour jokes about unpleasant things like death, disease, etc 伤感的幽默（有关死亡 疾病等不快事的笑话）.15. bowels baulz n. 肠, 内脏例句:What is it like in the bowels of the earth? 地球内部是什么样子？Causing evacuation, especially of the bowels; purgative. 排泄的，排除的引起腹泻，尤指肠泻的; 净肠的Take some purgative and it will help you purge your bowels of bad matter. 吃点泻药有助于你将肠胃中的有害物质除去。16. stand by 袖手旁观例句:How can you stand by and let him treat his dog like that? 他那样虐待他那只狗，你怎么能袖手旁观呢？Ill stand by you whatever happens. 无论如何，我都支持你。17. tissue / tu; tu/ n U, C mass of cells forming the body of an animal or a plant （动植物的）组织: muscular, nervous, connective, etc tissue 肌肉 神经 结缔等组织 * The tissues have been destroyed and a scar has formed. 那些组织受到破坏, 结了疤. C piece of soft absorbent paper that is thrown away after use (as a handkerchief, etc) （用作手帕等的）纸巾: a box of tissues 一盒纸巾 * face/facial tissues, ie for removing make-up, etc 面纸巾（用以清除脸部化妆物等的）. (also tissue-paper) U very thin soft paper used for wrapping and packing things （包装物品用的）薄纸, 绵纸. C, U (any type of) fine thin woven fabric （任何种类的）薄织物. C (of sth) (fig 比喻) connected or interwoven series （相关的或交织的）一套, 一系列: His story is a tissue of lies. 他的话是一派谎言. * the complex tissue of myth and fact 虚实交错的复杂情况.18. bayonet / bent; bent/ n dagger-like blade that can be fixed to the muzzle of a rifle and used in hand-to-hand fighting 枪刺; 刺刀. bayonet / bent, also benet; bent/ v Tn stab (sb/sth) with a bayonet 用枪刺刺（某人某物）: bayoneted to death 被枪刺刺死.19. toil away 长期劳累 We toil away all afternoon to get the house ready for our guest.我们忙了一下午收拾房子准备迎接宾客。 - 英汉-短句参考 The soundbite, of course, gets the economics precisely backwards: exports are the price a country must pay for its imports; Europeans toil away making stuff for others to consume only so they can in turn get their hands on the fruits of foreign labours.这一讲话无疑与经济学准则背道而驰:出口是国家为进口而付出的代价;欧洲人辛辛苦苦地生产产品给欧洲以外的人消费,只是为了能反过来得到别国劳动力的劳动果实。 - 20. handcuff hndkf n. 手拷vt. 上手拷例句:The prisoner wore (a pair of) handcuffs. 犯人戴著(一副)手铐。21. solemn / slm; slm/ adj not happy or smiling; looking very serious 不愉快的; 无笑容的; 表情严肃的: solemn faces 严肃的面孔 * look as solemn as a judge 像法官一样板着脸. done, said, etc in a serious and committed way, after deep thought 庄重的; 郑重的; 深思熟虑的: a solemn promise, undertaking, pledge, etc 郑重的许诺 保证 誓言等. performed with religious or other ceremony; formal 隆重的; 正式的; 庄严的: asolemn funeral procession 肃穆的送葬行列. solemnlyadv: I have some distressing news for you, he began solemnly. 有件伤心事要告诉你,他郑重其事地说道. solemnness n U.22. chain / ten; ten/ n (a) C, U (length of) connected metal links or rings, used for hauling or supporting weights or for fastening or restraining things 链子; 链条: keep a dog on a chain 用链子把狗拴住 * pull the chain, ie to flush the toilet 拉链子（冲抽水马桶） * Remember to put the chain on the door when you lock it. 锁门时别忘挂防盗链. * a length of chain 一截链条. (b) C length or loop of chain used for a specific purpose （有某种用途的）一截或一圈链条: a bicycle chain, ie for transmitting power from the pedals to the wheels 自行车链条 * The mayor wore her chain of office round her neck. 市长戴带着象徵她官职的项链儿. * She wore a locket hanging on a silver chain. 她戴着银项链儿, 坠着个挂盒. =illus at App 1 见附录1之插图, page xiii. =illus 见插图. C usu pl 通常作复数 (fig 比喻) thing that confines or restrains 束缚或限制的事物: the chains of poverty 贫困的桎梏. C series of connected things 一系列的事物: a chain of mountains/a mountain chain 连绵的山山脉 * a chain of circumstances, events, ideas 一系列的情况 事件 意见. C group of shops or hotels owned by the same company 同一公司所属的商店或旅店; 联号: a chain of supermarkets/a supermarket chain 超级市场联号. C (formerly) unit of length (66 feet) for measuring land （旧时）测链（测量土地的长度单位, 等於66英尺）. =App 5 见附录5. (idm 习语) in chains (a) (of a prisoner) bound with chains （指囚犯）用链锁住的. (b) not free; kept as a prisoner 不自由; 被囚禁. chain v Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态, Tn.pr, Tn.p sb/sth (to sb/sth); sb/sth (up) fasten or confine sb/sth with or as if with a chain 用链子或像用链子一样拴住或束缚住某人某事物: prisoners chained to a wall, each other 用链子锁在墙上 互相锁住的囚犯 * chain (up) a dog for the night 晚上用链子把狗拴起来 * (fig 比喻) Too many women feel chained to the kitchen sink, ie feel that they spend all their time doing housework. 很多妇女觉得自己被拴了在厨房的洗涤槽上.# chain-gang n (US) group of prisoners chained together or forced to work in chains 用链子拴在一起的囚犯.chain-letter n letter sent to several people each of whom is asked to make copies of it and send them to other people who will do the same 连锁信（寄给数人的信, 要求每个收信人复制数份再分寄给他人, 如此延续下去）.chain-mail n U armour made of metal rings linked together 锁子甲.,chain reaction (a) chemical change forming products which themselves cause more changes so that new compounds are produced 连锁反应. (b) series of events each of which causes the next 连锁式反应的一系列事件: The Government fear the strike may produce a chain reaction in other industries. 政府害怕罢工可能在其他行业产生连锁反应.chain-saw n saw with teeth set on an endless chain and driven by a motor 链锯.chain-smoke v I, Tn smoke (cigarettes or cigars) continuously, esp by lighting each from the one just smoked 一枝接一枝不断地吸（香烟或雪茄）. chain-smoker n.chain-stitch n (a) U (in crochet or embroidery) type of sewing in which each stitch makes a loop through which the next stitch is taken （钩针或刺绣织品的）链状工艺. (b) C stitch made in this way 链状针脚.chain-store n any of a series of similar shops owned by the same company 联号（同一公司所属的一系列类似商店之一）.23. foolery / fulr; fulr/ n U, C foolish behaviour 愚蠢的行为. This is excellent foolery.这是一些精采的蠢话。 - 英汉-辞典例句 And now, you look here, he added, suddenly changing his tone, weve had about enough of this foolery.他突然改变了语气继续说道,“我们废话说得大多了。 - 英汉文学-金银岛-jinyindao26 He was seeking a face-saving deal with the banks board that would allow him to resign under his own terms and escape some blame for the foolery involving his girlfriends compensation.他曾一度向银行董事会寻求一份挽回颜面的协易,即允许他以个人的名义辞职,以摆脱对他给女友加薪的愚蠢行为的指责。 - If Nell will stop this foolery of sleeping on the sitting-room sofa.如果内尔不再干这种在起居室沙发上睡觉的蠢事的话。 24. caress / kres; krs/ n loving touch or stroke 爱抚; 抚摩. caress v Tn touch or stroke (sb/sth) lovingly 爱抚或抚摩（某人某物）: She caressed his hand. 她抚摩他的手.25. foresee / fsi; frsi/ v (pt foresaw / fs; frs/, pp foreseen / fsin; frsin/) Tn, Tf, Tw see or know that sth is going to happen in the future; predict 预见; 预知; 预料: The difficulties could not have been foreseen. 这些困难是无法预见的. * He foresaw that the job would take a long time. 他预见到做这件工作需要很长时间. * They could not have foreseen how things would turn out. 他们不可能预知事情的结果. forseeable / -bl; -bl/ adj that can be foreseen 可以预见的: (in) the forseeable future, ie (during) the period of time (usu short) when one knows what is going to happen （在）可预见的将来26. grip / grp; rp/ v (-pp-) I, Tn take and keep a firm hold of (sth/sb) 紧抓（某物某人）; 紧握: The frightened child gripped its mothers hand. 受惊的孩子紧抓住他母亲的手. * The brakes failed to grip (ie engage with and stop the wheels) and the car ran into a wall. 汽车刹车失灵撞在墙上了. Tn esp passive 尤用於被动语态 (fig 比喻) seize the attention, imagination, etc of (sb) 吸引（某人）的注意力 想像力等: an audience gripped by a play 受戏剧吸引的观众 * gripped by/with fear 吓住. grip n 1 sing (on sb/sth) (a) action of gripping; firm hold 紧抓; 紧握: take a grip on a rope 抓紧绳索 * I let go/released my grip and he ran away. 我一松手他就跑了. * The climber relaxed her grip and fell. 攀登者手一松跌了下去. * (fig 比喻) The plays exciting at first, but in the third act it loses its grip on ones attention. 那剧一开始很精采, 但到第三幕就没看头儿了. (b) way or power of gripping 紧握的方式; 紧握力: a grip like iron, like a vice, like a bulldog, etc 像钢铁般 像老虎钳般 像斗牛犬般夹住或咬住不放 * tyres which give (a) good grip on the road 能紧贴着路面的车胎. (c) (fig 比喻) force that paralyses or disables 造成瘫痪或伤残的因素: the icy grip of winter 冬季严寒的破坏力 * people in the grip of disease, despair, etc 疾病缠身 陷於绝望等的人们. 2 C part that is to be gripped; handle 把手; 柄: a wooden, metal, etc (hand-)grip 木 金属等（手）柄. 3 C wire pin with two prongs for keeping hair tidy; hair-grip 发卡; 发夹. 4 C (US) large strong bag with handles 手提包: a leather grip 皮制手提包. 5 (idm 习语) come/get to grips with sb/sth (a) seize (an opponent) and begin to fight 抓住（对手）博斗起来; 扭打: She was unable to get to grips with her assailant. 她无力与袭击她的人扭打. (b) (fig 比喻) begin to deal with (a problem, challenge, etc) 开始应付（难题 挑战等）. get/keep/take a grip/hold on oneself (infml 口) gain control of oneself and improve ones behaviour (eg after being afraid, lazy, out of control, etc) 恢复自制力并改进行为（如不再胆怯 懒惰 失态等）. lose ones grip = lose.gripping adj exciting; holding the attention 令人激动的; 吸引人注意力的: a gripping account, film, story, etc 吸引人的报告 电影 故事等 * gripping yarns 扣人心弦的奇谈. grippingly adv27. convict / knvkt; knvkt/ v Tn, Tn.pr sb (of sth) (of a jury or judge) declare in a lawcourt that sb is guilty (of a crime) （指陪审团或法官）宣判某人有（.）罪: She has twice been convicted (of fraud). 她已有两次被判（诈骗）罪. * a convicted murderer 已定罪的谋杀犯. convict / knvkt; knvkt/ (also infml 口语亦作 con) n person who has been convicted of crime and is being punished, esp by imprisonment 已决犯; （已定罪并服刑的, 尤指监禁的）囚犯: an escaped convict 逃犯.28. unresisting nrizistiadj. 不抵抗的, 不反抗的 He had pulled her down on to the ground, she was utterly unresisting, he could do what he liked with her.他把她拉在地上,她一点不抗拒,任凭他对她做什么。 - 英汉文学-1984-1984-229. servile / sval; US -vl; svl/ adj (derog 贬) too ready to obey others; lacking independence 过分屈从的; 缺乏独立性的: servile flattery 卑躬屈膝的谄媚 * I dont like his servile manner. 我不喜欢他那低三下四的样子. of, like or for a servant （似）仆人的; 为仆人的: made to do servile tasks 被迫做仆人的工作. servilely / -all; -ll/ adv.servility / svlt; svlt/ n U (usu derog 通常作贬义) servile behaviour or attitude 过分屈从的行为或态度.30. yield / jild; jild/ v Tn bear, produce or provide (a natural product, a result or profit) 生出 产生或提供（自然产物 结果或利润）: trees that no longer yield fruit 不再结果实的树 * experiments yielding new insights 得到新的认识的实验 * Building societies investment accountsyield high interest. 房屋建筑协会的投资利润获得很高的利息. (a) I, Ipr, Ip (to sb/sth) (fml 文) allow oneself to be overcome by pressure; cease opposition (to sb/sth) 屈服; 让步; （对某人某事物）不再反对: The town was forced to yield after a long siege. 该城受长期围困而被迫弃守. * The government has not yielded to public opinion. 政府并未向舆论让步. * She yielded to temptation and had another chocolate. 她禁不住诱惑, 又吃了一块巧克力. (b) I be forced out of the usual or natural shape; bend or break under pressure （受外力）变形; （受压力）弯曲或折断: Despite all our attempts to break it open, the lock would not yield. 尽管我们想方设法要把锁弄断, 它却仍纹丝不动. * The dam eventually yielded and collapsed under the weight of water. 水坝在水的压力下终於决口. Ipr to sth be replaced or superseded by sth 被某事物代替或替换: Increasingly, farm land is yielding to property development. 地产的发展逐渐占据了农田. * The cinema has largely yielded to the home video. 电影业在很大程度上已让位给家庭录像电影. Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p sb/sth (up) (to sb) (fml 文) (a) reluctantly give control of sth (to sb); deliver sb/sth (to sb) 勉强地将某事物交出（予某人）; 将某人某事物送交（某人）: The terrorists have yielded two of their hostages (up) to the police. 恐怖分子已把其中两名人质交给警方. (b) reveal sth; disclose sth 泄露 揭露 透露 暴露或露出某事物: The universe is slowly yielding up its secrets to scientists. 宇宙慢慢地向科学家展现了自己的秘密. I, Ipr (to sb/sth) (esp US) (of traffic) allow other traffic to have right of way （指道路上的来往车辆）让路给有先行权的车辆. I, Ipr (to sb/sth) (fml 文) admit that one is inferior (to sb/sth); concede 承认自己比不上（某人某事物）; 让步; 忍让: I yield to no one in my admiration for (ie am one of the greatest admirers of) her work. 我比任何人都佩服她的工作. yield n U, C (amount of) that which is yielded or produced 生产或出产（的量）: a good, high, poor, et